64-614: The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ( INDIA ) is a big tent multi-party political alliance of several political parties in India led by the country's largest opposition party, the Indian National Congress . The alliance is in opposition to the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 2024 Indian general elections . In
128-720: A "mutual agreement" with "no bad blood" between the parties. On 21 February 2024, in a joint press conference, the Congress and the Samajwadi Party announced that the Congress will fight in 17 of the 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh , leaving the rest for other alliance members. There were also reported to be talks between the Congress and the SP for seat-sharing in Madhya Pradesh , in which the SP may be offered to contest
192-520: A "small-l liberal" wing and a conservative wing, which frequently come into conflict with each other. The party has historically found strong support primarily from the middle-class, though it has in recent decades appealed to socially conservative working-class voters. From its foundation the Justicialist Party has been a Peronist catch-all party, which focuses on the figure of Juan Perón and his wife Eva . Since Nestor Kirchner took
256-670: A Minister of State and former Liberal Democrats leader Paddy Ashdown who was offered the position of Northern Ireland Secretary (Ashdown turned down the offer). The media often referred to Brown's ministry as "a government of all the talents " or simply "Brown's big tent". In Scotland, the Scottish National Party is possibly the longest-established big-tent party in the UK, with the goal of seeking Scottish independence by those that support various other political ideologies and from various political positions. Since 2007,
320-546: A big-tent party because of the various constituents who joined its ranks during the 2018 Mexican general elections. Juntos Hacemos Historia is a big-tent alliance led by the National Regeneration Movement that contested the 2021 Mexican legislative election . The centre-left Socialist Party (PS) and centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD) have been described as catch-all parties. Romania's Social Democratic Party has been referred to as
384-651: A catch-all protest party and "post-ideological big tent" because its supporters do not share similar policy preferences, are split on major economic and social issues and are united largely based on "anti-establishment" sentiments. The Five Star Movement's "successful campaign formula combined anti-establishment sentiments with an economic and political protest which extends beyond the boundaries of traditional political orientations", but its "'catch-all' formula" has limited its ability to become "a mature, functional, effective and coherent contender for government". The Northern League attracted voters in its early years from all of
448-529: A catch-all party. Political analyst Radu Magdin described it in December 2016 as having conservative values, while being economically liberal , and espousing left-leaning rhetoric on public policies. Citizens (Spanish: Ciudadanos ) has been considered as an example of astroturfing in the Spanish media since 2015. Originally founded as a social-democratic regional party opposed to Catalan nationalism ,
512-673: A determined ideology, seek voters who adhere to that ideology, and attempt to convince people towards it. Following the 2018 Armenian parliamentary election , the My Step Alliance rose to power on an anti-corruption and pro-democracy platform. The alliance has been described as maintaining a big tent ideology, as the alliance did not support any one particular political position. Instead, it focused on strengthening Armenia 's civil society and economic development. The Liberal Party of Australia and its predecessors originated as an alliance of liberals and conservatives in opposition to
576-523: A meeting with the MPs to review the security arrangements and implement stricter measures to prevent such incidents from happening again. In a separate incident two protestors deployed smoke bombs and chanted slogans while being taken away from area near the parliament by Delhi Police . Both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha were adjourned initially, but proceedings were resumed after a while. The speaker of
640-688: A part of the INDIA bloc in Bihar, by expressing dissatisfaction with the functioning of the government. He rejoined the National Democratic Alliance (NDA). The Rashtriya Lok Dal left the bloc to join the BJP-led NDA on 14 January 2024. Big tent A big tent party , or catch-all party , is a political party having members covering a broad spectrum of beliefs. This is in contrast to other kinds of parties, which defend
704-466: A rally in Fatehabad on the occasion of Former Deputy Prime Minister Devi Lal 's birth anniversary. During this rally, the ideas of a national alliance were first openly called on stage. Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar had said "I'll urge all parties, including Congress, to get together and then they (BJP) will lost badly". JD(U) spokesperson K. C. Tyagi had also stated that the foundation of
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#1732771991242768-473: A rubber stamp. Former Congress president Rahul Gandhi also said that the breach was a direct fallout of unemployment and inflation. On 18 December, another 78 MPs (33 from the Lok Sabha and 45 from the Rajya Sabha) were suspended, taking the total tally of suspended MPs to 92 (46 from the Lok Sabha and 46 from the Rajya Sabha). Amid the new wave of suspensions on 18 December, Congress floor leader in
832-467: Is considered as part of center-right coalition. In Bangladesh Awami League's Grand Alliance (Bangladesh) and BNP's 20 Party Alliance forms coalition with a wide range of parties, thus being catch all parties. In Brazil, the Centrão ( lit. ' big centre ' ) is a term for a large bloc of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation and whose aim
896-835: Is the ruling party of India since 2014 has made a successful coalition of diverse Indian communities of all caste, class and gender denominations. The Indian National Congress attracted support from Indians of all classes, castes and religions supportive of the Indian independence movement . The Janata Party which came into power in India in 1977, was a catch-all party that consisted of people with different ideologies opposed to The Emergency . Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil are considered catch-all parties and are supported by people from different social classes and political ideologies. The two parties are usually described as being very similar in their current and recent policies, both being positioned on
960-495: Is to maintain proximity to the executive branch in order to guarantee advantages and allow them to distribute privileges through clientelistic networks . The Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) is one of the oldest and most notable "Centrão" and Big Tent parties in Brazil; despite being Brazil's largest party, both in number of members and number of officials elected, it has never elected a President , but has used its position as
1024-691: The 2024 Indian general election . The alliance passed a three-point resolution in its Mumbai meeting on 1 September 2023 to collectively contest 2024 Indian General elections. AAP declared candidates for three Lok Sabha seats in Assam after claiming they were tired of negotiations with Congress for seat sharing. The AAP is likely to fight on 4 seats whereas the Congress may get 3 seats in Delhi. The Congress and AAP declared that they will contest separately in Punjab, in what AAP supremo Arvind Kejriwal described as
1088-579: The Australian Labor Party , beginning with the Commonwealth Liberal Party in 1909. This ideological distinction has endured to the present day, with the modern Liberal Party frequently described as a " broad church ", a term popularised by former leader and Prime Minister John Howard . In this context, "broad church" is largely synonymous with "big tent". In the 21st century, the party is often characterised as having
1152-659: The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), was Japan's version of third way politics and served since the mid-1990s as a ‘big tent party’ for a plethora of heterogeneous groups ranging from two socialist parties to liberal and conservative groups. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held power in Mexico for 71 uninterrupted years, from 1929 to 2000. It was founded after the Mexican Revolution by Mexican President Plutarco Elías Calles . Then known as
1216-668: The Khajuraho seat. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced on 24 January 2024 that the Trinamool Congress (TMC) party would run alone in the state's forthcoming general elections. Other members of the alliance will contest as part of there Secular Democratic Alliance . On 28 January 2024, Nitish Kumar resigned as the Chief Minister of Bihar and decided to leave the Mahagathbandhan alliance,
1280-799: The Liberal Party of Canada and the Conservative Party of Canada (and its predecessors ) have attracted support from a broad spectrum of voters. Although parties such as the Quebec nationalist Bloc Québécois have elected members to the House of Commons , far-right and far-left parties have never gained a prominent force in Canadian society and have never formed a government in the Canadian Parliament . In Colombia,
1344-503: The National Democratic Alliance in the 2024 Bihar political crisis two weeks later. The bloc held its first event together on 22 December 2023, when nationwide protests were launched against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament . Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge , party leader Rahul Gandhi , NCP President Sharad Pawar , CPI(M) leader Sitaram Yechury and other leaders held protests against
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#17327719912421408-719: The President of the Republic in office at the time. The party nationalized the petroleum industry in 1938 and the banking industry in 1982. In the 1980s, the party went through reforms that shaped its current incarnation, with policies characterized as centre-right, such as the privatization of state-run companies, closer relations with the Catholic Church, and embracing free-market capitalism and neoliberal policies. The National Regeneration Movement , founded by Andrés Manuel López Obrador , has often been described as
1472-851: The Tripartite Alliance between the ANC; the South African Communist Party ; and the country's largest trade union, COSATU . Additional interest groups in the party are members of the business community and traditional leaders. When Gordon Brown became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 2007, he invited several members from outside the Labour Party into his government . They included former CBI Director-General Digby Jones who became
1536-569: The centre-right with a liberal-conservative ideology. The reasons for their remaining separate are mainly historical, with those who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the 1920s eventually becoming Fine Gael and those who opposed the treaty having joined Fianna Fáil to seek an independent Ireland. In Italy, the Five Star Movement , founded and formerly led by the comedian and actor Beppe Grillo , has been described as
1600-622: The "complete purge" was being executed to pass "draconian bills" without any meaningful debate and let BJP MP Pratap Simha, who facilitated the intruders into the Lok Sabha, go scot-free. The opposition accused the BJP government of "attacking democracy", Congress MP P. Chidambaram said that parliament "is going to resemble the North Korean assembly ". The opposition demanded strict action against BJP MP from Mysore , Pratap Simha , after reports surfaced that Simha issued visitors' passes to
1664-482: The 2024 general election, the alliance won 234 seats, gaining more than 100 seats from dissolution, and the majority of seats in states like Uttar Pradesh , Maharashtra , and West Bengal . The BJP lost its sole majority, with the alliance forcing Modi to govern with his coalition, the NDA. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, commonly known by its backronym I.N.D.I.A. is an opposition front announced by
1728-493: The BJP for not fulfilling its promise of jobs and neglecting the country's poor and the majority. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance comprises a diverse range of political parties from across India. The 37 member parties of the alliance are: Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) [REDACTED] The following is the party-wise strength of INDIA parties in the Parliament of India : ( 27-vaccant ) According to
1792-423: The Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge , the alliance's ideology revolves around the principles of developmentalism, inclusivity, and social justice. By combining their efforts, the member parties aim to protect democratic values, promote welfare and progress, and counter what they perceive as an ideology that threatens the idea of India. It was formed with the objective of defeating the incumbent BJP led NDA in
1856-490: The House, leading to the immediate adjournment of the session. Outside the building, two other individuals named Vishal Sharma and Lalit Jha were arrested for doing similar activities. During this incident around hundred leaders including Rahul Gandhi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh were present in the House. Rashtriya Loktantrik Party founder and MP Hanuman Beniwal along with some other MPs caught and overpowered
1920-479: The Lok Sabha (including S. R. Parthiban, whose suspension was later revoked) and 1 from Rajya Sabha were suspended from the parliament session by Vice President Jagdeep Dhankar for 'unruly conduct' after they chanted slogans demanding a statement from the Home Minister Amit Shah . The opposition MPs were demanding a statement by Home Minister Amit Shah in both the houses of parliament on
1984-481: The Lok Sabha banned the issuance of visitor passes and ordered a high-level probe into the incident with the assistance of Delhi Police. Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), the paramilitary agency responsible for the security of the parliament, has also started a separate investigation. During an interrogation, the mastermind of the breach, Lalit Jha admitted that he was supposed to hide in Rajasthan after
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2048-465: The Lok Sabha, Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury , who was also suspended, remarked that: "Today it is MPs, tomorrow it will be [the] common people’s turn". A further 49 MPs from Lok Sabha were suspended on 19 December, two on 20 December, and three on 21 December. taking the final count to 146, from which 100 are from the Lok Sabha, and 46 from the Rajya Sabha. Congress leader Jairam Ramesh claimed that
2112-639: The National Revolutionary Party, it was founded with the intent of providing a political space to allow all surviving leaders and combatants of the Mexican Revolution to participate and to resolve the grave political crisis that had been caused by the assassination of President-elect Álvaro Obregón in 1928. Throughout its nine-decade existence, the PRI has adopted a very wide array of ideologies, which have often been determined by
2176-631: The SNP have been the largest single party in the Scottish Parliament and has formed the Scottish government continuously since the 2007 Scottish general election . All for Unity was a big tent anti-SNP electoral alliance that contested the 2021 Scottish Parliament election but failed to win any seats. The Democratic Party was a "big-tent" party during the New Deal coalition , which
2240-546: The alliance was during this same rally. The first major Opposition parties' meeting, held in Patna , Bihar , was chaired by Nitish Kumar on 23 June 2023, when the proposal for a new alliance was put on the table. The meeting was attended by 16 Opposition parties. INLD was not included in this meeting. The second meeting, was held in Bengaluru , Karnataka on 17–18 July. It was chaired by UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi when
2304-412: The alliance. The alliance adopted a resolution to ensure maximum use of VVPATs in upcoming elections. "To enhance confidence in elections, VVPAT slips should be directly given to voters to self-verify and place in a separate box, instead of them falling into the main box. Eventually, all VVPAT slips must be 100% counted, ensuring truly free and fair elections," read the resolution passed by the alliance at
2368-482: The breach in security, and a detailed discussion on the same. One of the suspended MPs, S. R. Parthiban from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), was not present in the house at the time of the session. His suspension was later revoked, and Parliamentary Affairs minister Pralhad Joshi said that the suspension of Parthiban was the result of a mistake on the part of the staff in identifying
2432-611: The breach. He also said that co-accused Mahesh had even made arrangements for Jha at a guest house in Rajasthan using his own identity card. The attack was apparently being planned for months before its execution. The five accused alleged that they were given electric shocks, tortured, and made to confess to association with opposition parties. They also claimed that they were made to sign 70 blank papers and were also forced to give biometrics and passwords of their phones and social media accounts. On 14 December, 15 opposition MPs, 14 from
2496-535: The dictatorship, without a clear program except the democratization of the country. Other Big Tent centrão parties include the Progressists (PP), Brazilian Labour Party (PTB), We Can (PODE), Brazil Union (UB), Social Democratic Party (PSD), Social Christian Party (PSC), Act (AGIR), Patriot (PATRI), Forward (AVANTE), Solidarity (SD). At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two big tent parties practicing "brokerage politics." Both
2560-410: The grouping, which defines its opposition as "the left". The African National Congress (ANC) has been the governing party of South Africa since the country's first democratic election, in 1994 , and it has been described by the media as a "big tent" party. An important aspect of its electoral success has been its ability to include a diverse range of political groups most notably in the form of
2624-466: The incident, four individuals were arrested. Two were detained from the Parliament complex, while the other two were apprehended near Transport Bhavan, which is adjacent to the Parliament. Investigations revealed that the smoke released by the individuals was not harmful and was intended to cause a sensation. Congress MP Gurjeet Singh Aujla from Amritsar snatched the smoke canister from one of
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2688-430: The incident. A preliminary inquiry into the breach revealed that the position of Joint Secretary (Security) , has been vacant for more than 45 days. It also revealed that there was a 40% shortage in staff, with only 230 personnel currently being employed. It was also noted that when the gas canisters were released in the Lok Sabha, the smoke alarms did not activate. A reduction of around ₹300,000,000 ( US$ 3.6 million) in
2752-760: The interests of the urban middle classes. The Renaissance party (formerly La République En Marche!) founded by President Emmanuel Macron has been described as a centrist party with a catch-all nature. Both the Christian Democratic Union of Germany / Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) are considered big tent or catch-all parties, known in German as Volksparteien ("people's parties"). The Bharatiya Janata Party which
2816-424: The intruders and ran to the exit of the parliament to throw it away. He told The Indian Express that at the time, he believed the canister was a bomb. During the interview, he also told The Indian Express that: "A Punjabi never runs away from danger." The incident sparked widespread condemnation and raised serious questions about the security of the Parliament complex. Lok Sabha speaker Om Birla organised
2880-471: The intruders who breached the security in Lok Sabha. They compared it to the suspension of former Trinamool Congress MP Mahua Moitra , who lost her membership of parliament after her parliament login credentials were used by a Dubai -based businessman. Congress workers in Mysuru also staged protests outside Simha's office there, as Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah demanded a fair investigation into
2944-404: The intruders. Beniwal told the media soon after - “ Herogiri unki utar di, [ trans . taught them a lesson]”. Beniwal soon after incident questioned BJP government on national security and called it a ‘big security lapse’ and demanded a thorough investigation. He also highlighted the timing, coinciding with the 22nd anniversary of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack . The breach later led to
3008-499: The largest party as a "bargaining chip" for privileges and advantages. MDB was founded in 1965 at the start of the Brazilian military dictatorship as part of an enforced two-party system by the dictatorship, in which the only allowed parties were National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA), a catch-all party representing the interests of the dictatorship, and MDB, formed to represent a wide-range moderate and less radical opposition to
3072-663: The leaders of 28 parties to contest the 2024 Lok Sabha elections . The name was proposed during a meeting in Bengaluru and was unanimously adopted by the 28 participating parties. While some sources attribute the suggestion of the name to Rahul Gandhi , the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC), others mention that it was suggested by Mamata Banerjee , the Trinamool Congress (TMC) supremo and chief minister of West Bengal . On September 25, 2022, Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) supremo Om Prakash Chautala hosted
3136-628: The majority minarchist party. 2023 Indian Parliament breach#Suspension of MPs over protests On 13 December 2023, two intruders named Sagar Sharma and Manoranjan D, entered the Lok Sabha chamber of the Indian Parliament from the public gallery. One of the individuals jumped onto the tables where the Members of Parliament (MPs) were seated and released a yellow-coloured smoke canister . The other individuals named Amol Shinde and Neelam Devi chanted slogans. This caused chaos and panic within
3200-404: The meeting. Seat sharing was also to be done by either 31 December 2023 or mid-January 2024. It was also decided that protests will be held across the country on 22 December 2023 against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament . Some leaders said that the alliance would hold a grand joint rally at Patna on 30 January 2024, the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi , although this
3264-417: The member. Joshi also said that the other 14 MPs were suspended for violating a new parliament rule that disallows placards. Former finance minister and Indian National Congress MP P. Chidambaram dubbed the suspension of Parthiban as "comedy". The Congress termed the suspension of opposition MPs as the "murder of democracy" and accused the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government of reducing parliament to
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#17327719912423328-476: The most recognisable catch-all parties in the history of the country. In the mid-2010s, however, the party's main ideology is perceived to have drifted towards the right, with Albert Rivera admitting that it would not agree to form a coalition with the two main centre-left and left parties after the April 2019 Spanish general election , regardless of the results. Furthermore, some commentators argue that Ciudadanos
3392-527: The party has seen some former factions defect or die out since the 1990s, especially the more moderate ones, which has led the party to shift overall towards the right . The New Frontier Party , which existed from 1994 to 1997, was considered a big political party because it was created to oppose the LDP by people of various ideologies, including social democrats, liberals, neoliberals, Buddhist democrats, and conservatives. The former main centre-left opposition,
3456-511: The party switched to a catch-all message to attract votes from the right to the moderate left in the party's appearance in the national political landscape. Its stance includes a mix of liberalism and pro-Europeanism , but the party has also embraced populist views on the legitimacy of its political opponents; conservative views on topics such as the criminal system and personal property and Spanish nationalist positions; and many problems by its own leader, Inés Arrimadas . It has become one of
3520-600: The political spectrum. Forza Italia , on the centre-right, and the Democratic Party , on the centre-left, are considered to be catch-all parties and were mergers of political parties with numerous ideological backgrounds. Historically, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) had been formed as a big-tent party uniting groups ranging from Keynesian centrists to nationalist neoliberals . The party developed an intricate factional system to maintain co-operation and to ensure hegemonic success in elections. However,
3584-542: The presidency in 2003, the party is considered as part of center-left coalition. It has divided into left-wing and right-wing factions, with left-wing populist Kirchnerists now dominating the party. Despite this, the right-wing faction still exists. Juntos por el Cambio is an Argentine big tent political coalition. It was created in 2015 as Cambiemos. It is composed of Republican Proposal ( centre-right ), Civic Coalition ARI ( centre ) and Radical Civic Union ( centre ), with common goals to oppose Peronist parties. It
3648-480: The presumed League of Anti-Corruption Governors , led by the former presidential candidate, sometimes referred to as "the Colombian Trump", has been described as a "catch-all party", although analysts agree that it belongs to a more or less authoritarian right-wing . That is to say to a type of extreme right . The centre-right National Coalition Party has been described as catch-all party supporting
3712-491: The proposal for an alliance was accepted and ten more parties were added to the list. The alliance's name was finalized and given the name Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance . The third meeting was held in Mumbai , Maharashtra from 31 August to 1 September. The meeting was hosted by Shiv Sena (UBT) President Uddhav Thackeray and saw Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and chief ministers of 5 states in attendance. Over
3776-544: The suspension of 146 opposition parliament members on claims of causing disorder, 95 from the Lok Sabha, and 46 from the Rajya Sabha . The suspensions were later condemned by Human Rights Watch . The incident occurred at about 1 PM in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament, in the New Parliament House . It happened on the 22nd anniversary of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack . Following
3840-498: The suspensions of MPs under the banner "Save Democracy" at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi . The bloc's first joint rally was held in Patna , Bihar on 3 March 2024. The rally saw, among others, Kharge, Rahul Gandhi, Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) chief Lalu Prasad Yadav , former Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Tejashwi Yadav , Samajwadi Party supremo Akhilesh Yadav , and senior Left leaders Sitaram Yechury and D. Raja . Kharge attacked Kumar for frequently changing alliances and criticised
3904-491: The two-day deliberations, the alliance discussed major electoral issues for the upcoming general elections, carved out the coordination committee, and passed a three-point resolution to fight 2024 Indian general elections together 'as far as possible'. The fourth meeting was held in New Delhi on 19 December. The meeting was primarily held to discuss seat-sharing, joint rallies, and the prime ministerial face and/or convenor of
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#17327719912423968-536: Was attempting to supplant the People's Party , which suffered massive losses as the hegemonic party of the right and thus contributed to the shift in Ciudadanos to the right. Similarly, Ciudadanos has allied with both the conservative People's Party and the far-right Vox to achieve coalitions in regional parliaments. That has given rise to the expression "the three rights" or colloquially " El Trifachito" to describe
4032-521: Was formed to support President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal policies from the 1930s to the 1960s. The coalition brought together labor unions , working-class voters, farm organizations, liberals, Southern Democrats , African Americans , urban voters, and immigrants. After the 1974 Dallas Accord , the Libertarian Party embraced the big-tent idea to the extent it ensured that the anarcho-capitalist views would not be excluded from
4096-539: Was not officially announced. The alliance held its 5th meeting virtually with some leaders not attending. Following the meeting, the Indian National Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge was declared the alliance chairperson. Members also had discussions about seat sharing. Nitish Kumar , the chief minister of Bihar, was offered the post of national convenor of the alliance which he declined. Kumar went on to join
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