A charitable organization or charity is an organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. educational , religious or other activities serving the public interest or common good ).
90-653: IAM RoadSmart , formerly called the Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) , is a charity based in the United Kingdom, whose objective is to improve car driving standards, motorcycle riding standards, and enhance road safety by using the British police's system of car and motorcycle control. The System was devised in 1937 by racing driver Mark Everard Pepys, 6th Earl of Cottenham , to reduce accidents in police pursuits. Results between those who do and do not pass
180-542: A F1RST is awarded to those who pass their advanced test and achieve a score of 1 in virtually every category. An IAM F1RST is considered to be at least as high as standard as a RoSPA Gold . Moving up to a much higher skill level are Masters and Masters with distinction (described below). The IAM's objective is to increase road safety by improving driving standards. Many people find their increased skills bring more enjoyment to driving. The charities 3 main charitable aims are The IAM offers an advanced driving test . It
270-632: A public benefit . Until the mid-18th century, charity was mainly distributed through religious structures (such as the English Poor Laws of 1601 ), almshouses , and bequests from the rich. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam incorporated significant charitable elements from their very beginnings, and dāna (alms-giving) has a long tradition in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Charities provided education, health, housing, and even prisons. Almshouses were established throughout Europe in
360-570: A 2017 Peugeot UK Brand ambassador, Women of the Future, Sean Edwards Foundation Ambassador and IAM Roadsmart car ambassador, Munnings remained with Saintéloc for the 2017 season , but as part of the Peugeot Rally Academy where she was partnered with José Antonio Suárez and Pepe López. Munnings said before the new season that she wanted to put into practice the things she had learned from the previous year. Her first competitive run of
450-627: A Board of Taxation inquiry to consult with charities on the bill. However, due to widespread criticism from charities, the government abandoned the bill. Subsequently, the government introduced the Extension of Charitable Purpose Act 2004 . This act did not attempt to codify the definition of a charitable purpose but rather aimed to clarify that certain purposes were charitable, resolving legal doubts surrounding their charitable status. Among these purposes were childcare, self-help groups, and closed/contemplative religious orders. To publicly raise funds,
540-714: A CHY number from the Revenue Commissioners, a CRO number from the Companies Registration Office , and a charity number from the Charities Regulator. The Irish Nonprofits Database was created by Irish Nonprofits Knowledge Exchange (INKEx) to serve as a repository for regulatory and voluntarily disclosed information about Irish public benefit nonprofits. Charitable organizations in Nigeria are registerable under "Part C" of
630-628: A charity in Australia must register in each Australian jurisdiction in which it intends to raise funds. For example, in Queensland, charities must register with the Queensland Office of Fair Trading . Additionally, any charity fundraising online must obtain approval from every Australian jurisdiction that mandates such approval. Currently, these jurisdictions include New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia, and
720-640: A co-presentation to groups around the country as well as continue young driver education work once the IAM's ambassadorial programme finished. Today none of these roles are fulfilled by any of these individuals and it seems the ambassadorial programme is no longer active within the charity. Chairmen Stuart Donald QPM was elected chair in 2021 succeeding Derek McMullan, who was elected chairman in October 2019 - taking over from Ken Kier OBE, former executive vice president of Honda Motor Europe. Current vice presidents of
810-515: A company limited by guarantee. A separate "Institute of Advanced Motorcyclists " was registered in 2006, although it rarely or never features in IAM publications. IAM is privately owned, holding no shares . It is registered as a charitable organisation in Scotland, England, and Wales. Its official purpose is to improve the standard of driving and the promotion of road traffic safety for the public benefit , in particular by (but not limited to),
900-575: A complex set of reliefs and exemptions from taxation in the UK. These include reliefs and exemptions in relation to income tax , capital gains tax , inheritance tax , stamp duty land tax , and value added tax . These tax exemptions have led to criticisms that private schools are able to use charitable status as a tax avoidance technique rather than offering a genuine charitable good. The Transparency of Lobbying, Non-party Campaigning and Trade Union Administration Act 2014 subjects charities to regulation by
990-618: A former World Champion in Formula One , became President in 2006. The Chief Executive Officer is Antony Kildare who succeeded Tony Greenidge in February 2022. Tony succeeded Mike Quinton in December 2020. Mike succeeded Sarah Sillars OBE in 2018, who replaced Simon Best in 2015. Ambassadors In 2017 IAM RoadSmart had a number of Ambassadors performing various roles for the charity. Former World Rally Championship winner Paddy Hopkirk
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#17327810431401080-618: A list of charitable purposes in the Charitable Uses Act 1601 (also known as the Statute of Elizabeth), which had been interpreted and expanded into a considerable body of case law. In Commissioners for Special Purposes of Income Tax v. Pemsel (1891), Lord McNaughten identified four categories of charity which could be extracted from the Charitable Uses Act and which were the accepted definition of charity prior to
1170-488: A major form of corporate philanthropy. To meet the exempt organizational test requirements, a charity has to be exclusively organized and operated, and to receive and pass the exemption test, a charitable organization must follow the public interest and all exempt income should be for the public interest. For example, in many countries of the Commonwealth , charitable organizations must demonstrate that they provide
1260-525: A narrow low-speed corner and hitting a kerb. Munnings's participation in the Rally di Roma Capitale was in doubt because of budget problems, but she confirmed her entry shortly before the event started. She took wins in the city stages and night stages in the Ladies' Trophy rankings but the tricky conditions led her to slip off the road and get stuck in the ditch for ten minutes, leaving her in second position in
1350-573: A philanthropic endeavor that flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century, brought about by the growth of the middle class . Later associations included the Peabody Trust (originating in 1862) and the Guinness Trust (founded in 1890). The principle of philanthropic intention with capitalist return was given the label "five percent philanthropy". There was strong growth in municipal charities. The Brougham Commission led to
1440-620: A police Class 1 driver. This was later renamed Mature Driver Review. At the end of 2006 the organization formed the IAM Motoring Trust and took over the work of the AA Motoring Trust which had been formed by The Automobile Association in 2002. In 2010, the IAM published "How to be a better cyclist" (the third in the IAM Series, the others being "How to be a better driver" and "How to be a better rider"). However,
1530-524: A police pursuit driver. The test lasts for approximately 90 minutes and covers about 30 to 40 miles (48 to 64 km) and includes urban and rural areas; and motorways and/or dual carriageways , to test the candidate in a wide range of conditions and hazards. The examiner is a serving or retired police officer who holds a Police Advanced Driving Certificate (or holds the Police Driving Instructor Certificate from
1620-425: A register of charities that have completed formal registration (see below). Organizations applying must meet the specific legal requirements summarized below, have filing requirements with their regulator, and are subject to inspection or other forms of review. The oldest charity in the UK is The King's School, Canterbury , established in 597 AD. Charitable organizations, including charitable trusts, are eligible for
1710-520: A small discount on premiums (typically 10%), but a greater insurance discount is usually found with the IAM's associated insurance company (IAM Surety). It may also appeal because the associate can improve their skill as an individual, avoiding default assumptions of risk based on statistics. It is marketed under the name Skills for Life to emphasise the purpose of preventing fatalities and enhanced skills. Research has shown advanced drivers to be safer and have better fuel efficiency too. For example,
1800-569: A specially constructed circuit built by her father on the family farm. To qualify for an international licence which allowed her to partake in the European Rally Championship (ERC), Munnings entered six club rally events held in Wales and Norfolk . Her father acted as instructor and co-driver. Munnings received media training from Eurosport and was coached by former rally driver Urmo Aava . Munnings made her ERC début at
1890-667: A study by Brunel University found advanced drivers who had been through the IAM system of car control were nearly 70% better in all aspects of their driving – from steering to judging distances and speed. Earlier research by the Transport Research Laboratory that concluded drivers are less likely to crash if they have reached a measurable higher driving standard. Unpublished research by IAM Surety showed that insurance claims by IAM members were far cheaper than comparable non-IAM members, because IAM members generally didn't have big accidents. Additionally – according to
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#17327810431401980-613: Is a specific type of charity with its primary purpose being to alleviate suffering in the community, whether due to poverty, sickness, or disability. Examples of institutions that might qualify include hospices, providers of subsidized housing, and certain not-for-profit aged care services. Charities in Canada need to be registered with the Charities Directorate of the Canada Revenue Agency . According to
2070-399: Is competing in the new all-electric off-road racing championship Extreme E for Andretti United alongside teammate Timmy Hansen . In qualifying for the season-opening Desert X-Prix , she took over from Hansen with a right-rear puncture, but was able to bring the car home in 4th place on three wheels. They then went on to finish 2nd in the final race, behind Rosberg X Racing . Munnings
2160-517: Is no maximum. Associates use a textbook called How to be a Better Driver , which is a simplified version of the police driving manual Roadcraft . How to be a Better Driver has been criticised by some for being over simplified. Observers are not paid for their time, although motorcycle associates may reimburse their observers for fuel. (In motorcycling, the associate and observer ride their own bikes.) Observers are trained internally, but accredited though an external body. Variable quality of observers
2250-511: Is operated by the Ministry of Social and Family Development . The legislation governing charitable activities and the process of obtaining charitable organization status is regulated by Ukraine's Civil Code and the Law of Ukraine on Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations. According to Ukrainian law, there are three forms of charitable organizations: The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine
2340-420: Is run independently and does not affect the driving licence from the country where the associate lives. The test is significantly more difficult than the standard driving test but is within the reach of most drivers with the right guidance. The techniques are based on the UK police driving manual . Reasons for attempting the test include improving skills, safety or simply for fun. Motor insurers normally award
2430-402: Is suspended by the government, but relevant motoring convictions must be disclosed on annual renewal of membership. In 2014, the IAM introduced master as an even higher standard of driving. Master is a big step up from the IAM entry level. The IAM Masters programme provides true "one-to-one" mentoring support and guidance, to help people achieve the highest level of civilian driving standard in
2520-469: Is the driver's responsibility. In particular, motorcycle observers are advised to check they are insured for that purpose, since they ride their own bike. Unlike the standard driving test administered by the DVSA , the IAM advanced test has less pressure, because pass or fail makes no difference to the driver's licence. Rather, the IAM "test" provides the opportunity to gain assessment, guidance and tips from
2610-551: Is the main registration authority for charitable organization registration and constitution. Individuals and legal entities, except for public authorities and local governments , can be the founders of charitable organizations. Charitable societies and charitable foundations may have, in addition to founders, other participants who have joined them as prescribed by the charters of such charitable associations or charitable foundations. Aliens (non-Ukrainian citizens and legal entities, corporations, or non-governmental organizations) can be
2700-476: Is the most common form of organization within the voluntary sector in England and Wales. This is essentially a contractual arrangement between individuals who have agreed to come together to form an organization for a particular purpose. An unincorporated association will normally have a constitution or set of rules as its governing document, which will deal with matters such as the appointment of office bearers and
2790-536: Is very easy to set up and requires very little documentation. However, for an organization under the statute of loi 1901 to be considered a charity, it has to file with the authorities to come under the label of "association d'utilité publique", which means "NGO acting for the public interest". This label gives the NGO some tax exemptions. In Hungary , charitable organizations are referred to as "public-benefit organizations" ( Hungarian : közhasznú szervezet ). The term
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2880-686: The Charities Act 2006 : Charities in England and Wales—such as Age UK, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB ) and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( RSPCA ) – must comply with the 2011 Act regulating matters such as charity reports and accounts and fundraising. As of 2011 , there are several types of legal structures for a charity in England and Wales: The unincorporated association
2970-768: The Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020 . Under the law, the Corporate Affairs Commission, Nigeria , being the official Nigerian Corporate Registry, is empowered to maintain and regulate the formation, operation, and dissolution of charitable organizations in Nigeria. Charitable organizations in Nigeria are exempted under §25(c) of the Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) Cap. C21 LFN 2004 (as amended) , which exempts from income tax corporate organizations engaged wholly in ecclesiastical, charitable, or educational activities. Similarly, §3 of
3060-709: The Early Middle Ages to provide a place of residence for the poor, old, and distressed people; King Athelstan of England (reigned 924–939) founded the first recorded almshouse in York in the 10th century. During the Enlightenment era , charitable and philanthropic activity among voluntary associations and affluent benefactors became a widespread cultural practice. Societies, gentlemen's clubs , and mutual associations began to flourish in England , with
3150-485: The Electoral Commission in the run-up to a general election. Section 1 of the Charities Act 2011 provides the definition in England and Wales: The Charities Act 2011 provides the following list of charitable purposes: A charity must also provide a public benefit. Before the Charities Act 2006 , which introduced the definition now contained in the 2011 Act, the definition of charity arose from
3240-572: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , which reorganized multiple local charities by incorporating them into single entities under supervision from the local government . Charities at the time, including the Charity Organization Society (established in 1869), tended to discriminate between the "deserving poor", who would be provided with suitable relief, and the "underserving" or "improvident poor", who
3330-893: The Polish Historical Society , and the Polish chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation . The legal framework in Singapore is regulated by the Singapore Charities Act (Chapter 37). Charities in Singapore must be registered with the Charities Directorate of the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports . One can also find specific organizations that are members of the National Council of Social Service (NCSS), which
3420-595: The Value Added Tax Act (VATA) Cap. V1 LFN 2004 (as amended) , and the 1st Schedule to the VATA on exempted Goods and Services goods zero-rates goods and services purchased by any ecclesiastical, charitable, or educational institutions in furtherance of their charitable mandates. A public benefit organization ( Polish : organizacja pożytku publicznego , often abbreviated as OPP) is a term used in Polish law . It
3510-493: The Ypres Rally behind the wheel of a Peugeot 208 VTi R2 for Saintéloc Junior Team . It was at this rally that she began her partnership with the lawyer Anne Stein who was her co-driver. Munnings got one of her wheels on sodden grass and barrel rolled her car which damaged an electricity pylon. She finished 65th out of 67 drivers overall and was the only woman to complete the rally. Munnings's second (and final) rally of
3600-688: The slave trade throughout the British Empire and its extensive sphere of influence. (However, this process was quite lengthy, concluding when slavery in Saudi Arabia was abolished slavery in 1962.) The Enlightenment era also witnessed a growing philosophical debate between those advocating for state intervention and those believing that private charities should provide welfare. The political economist, Reverend Thomas Malthus (1766–1834), criticized poor relief for paupers on economic and moral grounds and proposed leaving charity entirely to
3690-684: The 2016 season in Liepāja saw her again score points by reaching the end of the event. She had accumulated enough points to win the FIA European Rally Championship Ladies' Trophy. In late 2016, Munnings was one of four athletes shortlisted for the Sunday Times Young Sportswoman of the Year . At the awards ceremony on 8 December, she lost the award to swimmer Siobhan-Marie O'Connor . Named
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3780-410: The AA Motoring Trust, it is the policy and research division of road safety of the IAM. It was formed in 2006 to carry out road safety research and advocate for safer roads, drivers, and vehicles when the IAM assumed responsibility for the work of the AA Motoring Trust. The AA Motoring Trust was formed in 2002 after the demutualisation of The Automobile Association in 1999. The Trust was to carry out
3870-562: The Association of Motor Insurers – there is a reduction in claims for the first four years after passing the IAM test. In short, IAM members are safer drivers. 400,000 people have attempted the advanced test, and the pass rate is around 75%. Before attempting the test, associates complete a training programme with volunteers called "observers" provided by the local group, and arranged at mutually convenient times. IAM suggest six lessons may be enough to pass, but time taken varies and there
3960-685: The Australian Capital Territory. Numerous Australian charities have appealed to federal, state, and territory governments to establish uniform legislation enabling charities registered in one state or territory to raise funds in all other Australian jurisdictions. The Australian Charities and Not-For-Profits Commission (ACNC) commenced operations in December 2012. It regulates approximately 56,000 non-profit organizations with tax-exempt status, along with around 600,000 other NPOs in total, seeking to standardize state-based fund-raising laws. A Public Benevolent Institution (PBI)
4050-477: The Canada Revenue Agency: A registered charity is an organization established and operated for charitable purposes. It must devote its resources to charitable activities. The charity must be a resident in Canada and cannot use its income to benefit its members. A charity also has to meet a public benefit test. To qualify under this test, an organization must show that: To register as a charity,
4140-716: The Charities Act (2009) legislated the establishment of a "Charities Regulatory Authority", and the Charities Regulator was subsequently created via a ministerial order in 2014. This was the first legal framework for charity registration in Ireland. The Charities Regulator maintains a database of organizations that have been granted charitable tax exemption—a list previously maintained by the Revenue Commissioners . Such organizations would have
4230-700: The IAM include former BBC Crimewatch presenter and safety campaigner Nick Ross and former transport minister Sir Peter Bottomley MP . Antony Kildare was appointed Chief Executive Officer of IAM RoadSmart in August 2022. Anyone with a full driving licence can join IAM Roadsmart as an associate member. Full membership requires passing the IAM's advanced test (but there are exemptions for people with suitable emergency services or military driving qualifications). Trainees are called associates , and instructors observers . Membership fees are paid to both head office and
4320-486: The IAM test vary in frequency of crashes on the road. The IAM was formed in 1956 and has over 77,000 members, all of whom have taken and passed an advanced test in a car, commercial vehicle or on a motorcycle. In 2006, the charity took over the work of the AA Motoring Trust, which had been established in 2002 by The Automobile Association . The charity brought its different activities and programmes together under one umbrella called IAM RoadSmart in 2016. The organization
4410-470: The Ladies' Trophy rankings. Munnings placed second in the Ladies' Trophy championship overall and ranked 14th in the Junior Under 27 standings. For the 2018 season , she returned to compete for Saintéloc Junior Team in the Junior Under 27 Championship for the second year in a row and also contested for the Ladies' Trophy. Munnings began the season by coming second in the Ladies' Trophy and fifth in
4500-492: The UK Home Office). Tests are marked simply as a fail, pass or F1RST, and can be retaken as often as desired. It is not unusual for those who have passed to retake the test to aim for a F1RST. Once the test is passed, the candidate is an advanced driver for life – unlike RoSPA Advanced Drivers and Riders (RoADAR), which require a 3-yearly re-test. An IAM advanced driver is not subject to re-testing, even if their licence
4590-432: The UK business community. The IAM began a modernization programme in 2015 updating its driving standards and increasing its services. On 4 April 2016, as a result of a rebrand, the charity brought its different activities and programmes together under one umbrella brand called IAM RoadSmart. None of the changes affected its charitable status. The Institute of Advanced Motorists Limited was incorporated on 10 March 1956 as
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#17327810431404680-617: The Under 27 standings at the Rallye Azores. She had a total of four victories in the Ladies' Trophy, which she took in the season's final four rounds to place second in that championship. Her results caused her to finish eighth in the Junior Under 27 Championship with four fifth-place finishes. In the 2019 championship Munnings continued to compete in the ERC3 category, with her new co-driver Veronica Engan. Munnings received backing from
4770-475: The advent of the Internet, charitable organizations established a presence on online social media platforms and began initiatives such as cyber-based humanitarian crowdfunding , exemplified by platforms like GoFundMe . The definition of charity in Australia is derived from English common law, originally from the Charitable Uses Act 1601 , and then through several centuries of case law based upon it. In 2002,
4860-408: The age of seven Munnings was educated at the all-girls school Kent College, Pembury , and took three A level examinations. She acted as deputy head girl , an academic, and a performing arts and music scholar. Munning grew up riding quads and old cars around her parents' farm. At the age of 17, she began driving on the test track with Peugeot . Munnings competed in national athletics tournaments and
4950-420: The allotment of land to laborers for "cottage husbandry", which later became the allotment movement. In 1844, it became the first Model Dwellings Company – one of a group of organizations that sought to improve the housing conditions of the working classes by building new homes for them, all the while receiving a competitive rate of return on any investment. This was one of the first housing associations ,
5040-406: The charity at events. Paddy Hopkirk was incredibly generous with his time and represented the charity at his ambassadorial engagements with other organisations such as BMW / MINI , BRDC , Silverstone and other organisations that he dealt with when carrying out business for his company Hopkirks. Paddy also worked very closely with Young Driver Ambassador David Gallagher and together they delivered
5130-567: The charity. On rare occasions such as a project with the BRDC 's young racing drivers at Silverstone , they were all present. Maria Costello as rider ambassador did about 5 engagements per year with the charity and was mostly active at the charities skills days. Catie Munnings and Ash Hall both attended large PR events but weren't hugely active within the charity. David Gallagher was the only paid ambassador and visited IAM Groups, schools, colleges, sixth forms and universities as well as representing
5220-597: The country. Before the introduction of the IAM Masters programme, RoSPA Gold and the DIAmond Special Test were considered the highest civilian driving qualification in the UK. However, the IAM Masters is now widely recognised as the highest civilian qualification in the UK. There are two grades of Master – pass and distinction. Building on the basics of advanced driving, the Masters programme enhances
5310-475: The electric off-road racing series, Extreme E , for Andretti Altawkilat XE . She has previously raced in the European Rally Championship , winning the championship's Ladies' Trophy in 2016 . She also presented Catie's Amazing Machines on the BBC television channel CBeebies . Munnings was born on 15 November 1997. She is the daughter of the rally driver and instructor Chris Munnings and his wife Tracey. From
5400-421: The emerging popular press and generally enjoyed high social regard. Some charities received state recognition in the form of a royal charter . Charities also began to take on campaigning roles, championing causes and lobbying the government for legislative changes. This included organized campaigns against the mistreatment of animals and children, as well as the successful campaign in the early 19th century to end
5490-699: The end of the 19th century, with the advent of the New Liberalism and the innovative work of Charles Booth in documenting working-class life in London , attitudes towards poverty began to change. This led to the first social liberal welfare reforms , including the provision of old age pensions and free school-meals. During the 20th century, charitable organizations such as Oxfam (established in 1947), Care International , and Amnesty International expanded greatly, becoming large, multinational non-governmental organizations with very large budgets. With
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#17327810431405580-582: The energy drinks company Red Bull UK for the upcoming season. She was the winner of the ERC Ladies' category at Rally Liepāja 2019. In February 2020 she drove a specially prepared Bentley Continental in the GP Ice Race at Zell am See in Austria which culminated by teaming up with skier Sven Rauber for a demonstration of skijoring, where a skier is towed, at speed, behind a car. In 2021, Munnings
5670-659: The expanding middle classes in Britain and America. Octavia Hill (1838–1912) and John Ruskin (1819–1900) were important forces behind the development of social housing , and Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919) exemplified the large-scale philanthropy of the newly rich in industrialized America. In Gospel of Wealth (1889), Carnegie wrote about the responsibilities of great wealth and the importance of social justice. He established public libraries throughout English-speaking countries and contributed large sums to schools and universities. A little over ten years after his retirement, Carnegie had given away over 90% of his fortune. Towards
5760-409: The federal government initiated an inquiry into the definition of a charity. The inquiry proposed a statutory definition of a charity, based on the principles developed through case law. This led to the Charities Bill 2003 , which included limitations on the involvement of charities in political campaigning, an unwelcome departure from the case law as perceived by many charities. The government appointed
5850-433: The first seafarers' charity, aiming to aid the recruitment of men into the navy . By 1763, the Society had enlisted over 10,000 men, and an Act of Parliament incorporated it in 1772. Hanway also played a key role in founding the Magdalen Hospital to rehabilitate prostitutes . These organizations were funded by subscriptions and operated as voluntary associations. They raised public awareness about their activities through
5940-571: The following driving skills: The advanced test is offered in variants: as an accelerated programme (within three days) called FastTrack, membership and the test only (no training), taster sessions, and assessments for drivers over 55. Motor insurance offered through IAM Surety (a trading brand of Cornmarket Insurance Services ), which expressly covers observing for IAM. Typically, the insurance discounts from IAM Surety exceed those offered to advanced drivers by other insurers. Policy and Research were formerly called IAM Motoring Trust, which incorporates
6030-445: The founders and members of philanthropic organizations in Ukraine. All funds received by a charitable organization and used for charitable purposes are exempt from taxation, but obtaining non-profit status from the tax authority is necessary. Legalization is required for international charitable funds to operate in Ukraine. Charity law in the UK varies among (i) England and Wales , (ii) Scotland and (iii) Northern Ireland , but
6120-493: The fundamental principles are the same. Most organizations that are charities are required to be registered with the appropriate regulator for their jurisdiction, but significant exceptions apply so that many organizations are bona fide charities but do not appear on a public register. The registers are maintained by the Charity Commission for England and Wales and by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator for Scotland. The Charity Commission for Northern Ireland maintains
6210-442: The local group. Full membership is renewable annually at £38 to head office, and many local groups charge around £20 yearly. Associates pay £149 once to the Head Office to join, which includes the first attempt at the advanced test. Despite the name Advanced , only a few months' experience (one year in Northern Ireland, because of speed restrictions on newly qualified drivers) are necessary to become an associate. Many people report
6300-538: The operation of an advanced driving test . The institute is organized on two levels: there is a head office in Welwyn Garden City (1 Albany Place, Hyde Way, Welwyn Garden City AL7 3BT) and around 180 local groups in the UK. Other groups are in Australia, Bermuda, Hong Kong, Cyprus, Kenya, New Zealand, Portugal and Turkey. Local groups are largely independent, setting their own fees, meeting times and places. Some groups cater for all vehicles, while others may be car or motorcycle-only. Significant people Nigel Mansell ,
6390-404: The organisation's public interest motoring and road safety work. The activities of the AA Motoring Trust were then transferred to the newly formed IAM Motoring Trust on 31 December 2006. Charitable organisation The legal definition of a charitable organization (and of charity) varies between countries and in some instances regions of the country. The regulation , the tax treatment, and
6480-523: The organization has to be either incorporated or governed by a legal document called a trust or a constitution. This document has to explain the organization's purposes and structure. Most French charities are registered under the statute of loi d'association de 1901, a type of legal entity for non-profit NGOs. This statute is extremely common in France for any type of group that wants to be institutionalized (sports clubs, book clubs, support groups...), as it
6570-460: The organization no longer offers cycling training; this role is undertaken by Bikeability in the UK. Market research suggested the title Institute did not appeal to younger drivers, and the charity rebranded itself as "IAM Roadsmart". In 2011, reducing the queue for the advanced test itself become a priority due to growing popularity. The IAM also has a commercial subsidiary that provides occupational driver risk management products and services to
6660-575: The person she idolises the most. Munnings currently lives with her family at their farm in Headcorn in Kent . When not competing in rally, she works at her parents' corporate events company. Munnings, whose original ambition was to become a vet, had her interests geared towards rallying from a young age by regularly visiting her father's workplace. She was able to execute a perfect handbrake turn by thirteen and provided driving lessons to her friends on
6750-517: The private sector. His views became highly influential and informed the Victorian laissez-faire attitude toward state intervention for the poor. During the 19th century, a profusion of charitable organizations emerged to alleviate the awful conditions of the working class in the slums . The Labourer's Friend Society , chaired by Lord Shaftesbury in the United Kingdom in 1830, aimed to improve working-class conditions. It promoted, for example,
6840-557: The public good as described by the law, and it should demonstrate sufficient transparency in its activities, governance, and finances. Moreover, data has shown that this evidence is pertinent and sensible. Polish charitable organizations with this status include Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego , the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity , KARTA Center , the Institute of Public Affairs , the Silesian Fantasy Club ,
6930-448: The rules governing membership. The organization is not, however, a separate legal entity, so it cannot initiate legal action, borrow money, or enter into contracts in its own name. Its officers can be personally liable if the charity is sued or has debts. Catie Munnings Catherine Elizabeth Munnings (born 15 November 1997) is a British rally driver. The daughter of former rally driver Chris Munnings, she currently competes in
7020-410: The sale of goods and services or revenue from investment) are indicators to assess the financial sustainability of a charity, especially to charity evaluators . This information can impact a charity's reputation with donors and societies, and thus the charity's financial gains. Charitable organizations often depend partly on donations from businesses. Such donations to charitable organizations represent
7110-652: The streets of London , Captain Thomas Coram set up the Foundling Hospital in 1741 to care for these unwanted orphans in Lamb's Conduit Fields, Bloomsbury . This institution, the world's first of its kind, served as the precedent for incorporated associational charities in general. Another notable philanthropist of the Enlightenment era, Jonas Hanway , established The Marine Society in 1756 as
7200-412: The upper classes increasingly adopting a philanthropic attitude toward the disadvantaged. In England, this new social activism led to the establishment of charitable organizations, which proliferated from the middle of the 18th century. This emerging upper-class trend for benevolence resulted in the incorporation of the first charitable organizations. Appalled by the number of abandoned children living on
7290-413: The value in joining the IAM early in their driving careers, because it helped them to avoid typical new driver accidents. There are four levels of IAM membership, which represent the increasing skill levels. IAM entry level is considered a foundation in advanced motoring, which is easily achievable by most people. It requires only a rudimentary grasp of the police system of driving. At a higher skill level,
7380-408: The way in which charity law affects charitable organizations also vary. Charitable organizations may not use any of their funds to profit individual persons or entities. However, some charitable organizations have come under scrutiny for spending a disproportionate amount of their income to pay the salaries of their leadership. Financial figures (e.g. tax refund, revenue from fundraising, revenue from
7470-501: The year came at the Rallye Açores where she retired on the fifth stage because of an accident. After securing a 68th overall finish in the 2017 Rally Islas Canarias, Munnings retired in the next rally she entered in, 2017 Rajd Rzeszowski, due to an accident. Her fourth event of the season in the 2017 Barum Rally Zlín saw her take stage class victories in spite of changing a broken wheel earlier on because of understeering on
7560-577: Was a criticism of the IAM, which it started to address in 2013-14 by strengthening observer training and using IMI to externally accredit observers. Some observers are professional instructors or hold the RoSPA Diploma in Advanced Instruction. There are some more senior instructors, called National Observers, in each group. As with any road situation, legality and paperwork (including licence , insurance , and vehicle inspection )
7650-483: Was an advocate for the Mature Driver Assessment and later became the charity's Mature Driver Ambassador. David Gallagher was the charities Young Driver Ambassador. Catie Munnings was the charities Driver Ambassador. Maria Costello was the charities Rider Ambassador and Ash Hall was appointed in 2018 as an ambassador for disabled drivers. The charities ambassadors had varied involvement with
7740-478: Was formed in March 1956. In 2006, two new assessments were introduced: DriveCheck and RideCheck. These checks provide the opportunity to have your driving or riding ability assessed by an IAM observer. DriveCheck and RideCheck are not, however, a test. There is no pass or fail. The IAM later added DriveCheck55, which offers the opportunity for people over the age of 55 to have their driving checked and receive tips from
7830-480: Was introduced on 1 January 1997 through the Act on Public Benefit Organizations. Under Indian law, legal entities such as charitable organizations, corporations, and managing bodies have been given the status of " legal persons " with legal rights, such as the right to sue and be sued, and the right to own and transfer property. Indian charitable organizations with this status include Sir Ratan Tata Trust . In Ireland,
7920-453: Was introduced on 1 January 2004 by the statute on public good activity and volunteering . Charitable organizations of public good are allowed to receive 1.5% of income tax from individuals, making them "tax-deductible organizations". To receive such status, an organization has to be a non-governmental organization , with political parties and trade unions not qualifying. The organization must also be involved in specific activities related to
8010-422: Was regarded as the cause of their woes due to their idleness. Charities tended to oppose the provision of welfare by the state, due to the perceived demoralizing effect . Although minimal state involvement was the dominant philosophy of the period, there was still significant government involvement in the form of statutory regulation and even limited funding. Philanthropy became a very fashionable activity among
8100-463: Was talent-spotted as a dancer. She combined her academic studies with her rally career, and declined a place at university. Munnings works with former racing driver Susie Wolff on her Dare to be Different campaign which encourages more girls to take up a career in motor racing, and the IAM RoadSmart charity. She has named the 1982 World Rally Championship runner-up Michèle Mouton as
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