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44-754: The founders of the International Day Against Homophobia, as it was originally known, established the IDAHO Committee to coordinate grass-roots actions in different countries, to promote the day and to lobby for official recognition on May 17. That date was chosen to commemorate the decision to remove homosexuality from the International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1990. The day, as

88-671: A concept, was conceived in 2004. A year-long campaign culminated in the first International Day Against Homophobia on May 17, 2005. 24,000 individuals as well as organizations such as the International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA), the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), the World Congress of LGBT Jews , and the Coalition of African Lesbians signed an appeal to support

132-529: A constitutional reform beginning in July. Castro also stated the need for tougher sanctions for anti-LGBT+ discrimination and violence. In 2019, a yearly march against homophobia and transphobia was cancelled by Castro due to regional tensions, which the Miami Herald reported as being "to avoid confrontations with Christian groups." As of 2000, according to a former assistant of Raúl Castro, Mariela Castro

176-420: A group of United Nations and regional human rights experts voiced concerns over persistent discrimination and violence due to sexual orientation as well as gender identity, and called on States to increase their efforts in ending it. The experts stated: "This day is now celebrated in more than 130 countries and is officially recognised by several States, and international institutions. Reflecting on progress over

220-503: A huge street parade in honor of May 17 for the past three years. In Chile in 2013, 50,000 people took to the streets to mark May 17, and the VIII Santiago Equality march. Arts and culture-based events are also common. For example, Bangladeshi activists organised the music festival "Love Music Hate Homophobia" in 2013. Albanian LGBT activists have, in 2012 and 2013 been organising an annual Bike (P) Ride for May 17 through

264-482: A means of pleasure and holistic well-being, gender equality, sexual violence, and sexually transmitted infections. Castro’s work and research with CENESEX, as well as various organizations that are centered on the research about and the lowering of stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS, has led to immense positive changes in the sexual health in Cuba as a whole. Cuba has one of the lowest HIV infection rates. In addition, those with

308-504: A mental disorder. In 2009, transphobia was added to the name of the campaign, expanding the acronym from IDAHO to IDAHOT , and activities that year focused primarily on transphobia ( violence and discrimination against transgender people). A new petition was launched in cooperation with LGBT organizations in 2009, and it was supported by more than 300 NGOs from 75 countries, as well as three Nobel Prize winners ( Elfriede Jelinek , Françoise Barré-Sinoussi , and Luc Montagnier ). On

352-530: A nonprofit organization centered on awareness for the LGBT+ community, for her work with her organizations that spread awareness about the issues that those in the LGBT+ community face. The leader and founder of the group, Malcom Lazin, stated that “She is truly an international hero for LGBT equality” and that she has made “remarkable changes for LGBT Cubans.” In May 2018 at a press conference, Castro announced that she would push for same-sex marriage to be included in

396-536: A project to allow transgender people to receive sex reassignment surgery and change their legal gender. The measure became law in June 2008 which allows sex change surgery for Cubans without charge. Since the project proposal became law, the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People has attended to more than 120 applications and has performed nearly a dozen surgeries. Castro

440-546: Is a sitting member of the National Assembly of People's Power . When the assembly voted in 2014 to ban discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment, Castro opposed the legislation because it did not also include protection on the basis of gender identity , and became the first legislator in the body's history ever to vote against a piece of legislation. On May 5, 2013, Castro traveled to Philadelphia in order to accept an award from Equality Forum,

484-469: Is an outspoken advocate for the LGBT+ community as well as dissolving some of the antiquated stigmas and stereotypes that surround the community. She is the daughter of former Communist Party First Secretary Raúl Castro and feminist and revolutionary Vilma Espín , and the niece of former First Secretary Fidel Castro . Mariela Castro is the daughter of former Communist Party First Secretary Raúl Castro and feminist and revolutionary Vilma Espín , and

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528-470: Is celebrated as International Day Against Queer / MOGAI -phobia' as well as IDAHOT. Some countries and organizations have misinterpreted the letters behind the acronym IDAHOBIT with different meanings beyond those of the official expansions, sometimes mistakenly taking the "I" of "BI" to be standing for Intersexphobia . However the IDAHO committee and ILGA, after consulting with Intersex organizations and

572-640: Is responsible for Cuba’s actions to prop up the former Maduro regime in Venezuela through violence, intimidation and repression.” Castro is the director of the Cuban National Center for Sex Education , or CENESEX, which promotes safe sex and healthy attitudes towards sexuality. She modeled CENESEX after the Federation of Cuban Women , which was established by her mother in 1960. The Federation of Cuban Women, along with other organizations at

616-549: The "IDAHO initiative". Activities for the day took place in many countries, including the first LGBT events ever to take place in the Congo, China, and Bulgaria. In the UK, the campaign was coordinated by the Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association (GALHA) . The date of May 17 was specifically chosen to commemorate the World Health Organization 's decision in 1990 to declassify homosexuality as

660-677: The Federation was established, the public, economic, and social position of women in Cuba at the time rose dramatically - employment and equal pay opportunities for women arose, as well as maternity leave and the concept of social security for women. In 1996, along with the Cuban Ministries of Education (MINED), the Cuban National Center for Sex Education created a National Sex Education Program for Cuban schools to teach children about sex in terms of procreation and as

704-465: The International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia, and Biphobia has been commemorated in over 130 different countries across the globe. In 2024, United States President, Joe Biden, renewed his support for IDAHOBIT in a White House proclamation, noting his support for the LGBTQI+ community and their rights, noting that "This is a matter of human rights, plain and simple." Ahead of IDAHOBIT in 2024,

748-537: The International Day Against Homophobia. Despite the three principal issues mentioned in the name of the celebration, this day is widely regarded as an initiative that is "working to advance the rights of people with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities or expressions, and sex characteristics." This allows for a widespread amalgamation of different self-identified expressions coming together to share pride in oneself, happiness, and love with others as participants take charge against different rampant forms of hate in

792-756: The International Day Against Homophobia. In 2007, in Aosta Valley (Italy), the government approved the support for the IDAHOT. In 2010, Lula , then president of Brazil , signed an act that instituted May 17 as the National Day Against Homophobia in his country. The day is also officially recognized by the EU Parliament, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, the UK, Mexico, Costa Rica, Croatia, the Netherlands, France (where May 17

836-399: The LGBT+ community, and is centered around the annual International Day Against Homophobia on May 17. The National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People campaigns for effective AIDS prevention as well as recognition and acceptance of LGBT human rights . In 2004, Castro met with a group of transgender people that sought assistance from her. In 2005, Castro proposed

880-621: The LGBT+ community, however, she gained a newfound awareness of the issues they face. Castro studied modern dance and child psychology . Castro has published 13 scholarly articles and nine books. On September 26, 2019, it was revealed that the administration of President of the United States, Donald Trump, issued a travel ban on Cuban leader Raúl Castro and his children as a result of Castro’s support for Venezuela, spearheaded by Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo stated that “[Raul] Castro

924-650: The National Day Against Homophobia. Venezuela 's National Assembly (AN) officially recognized May 17 as the Day against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia on May 12, 2016. AN Deputy Tamara Adrian , also international Chairwoman of the IDAHO Committee, hailed the legislative act as a "sign of change" in a Venezuela where "everyone has equal rights and opportunities". In several other countries (e.g. Argentina, Bolivia , Australia, and Croatia), national civil society coalitions have called upon their authorities to have May 17 officially recognized. As it stands as of May 17, 2021,

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968-528: The community put out a clarifying note on their website in 2024 that there is no consensus by the Intersex community for the inclusion in IDAHOBIT : Important note: Events around 17 May go by different names and acronyms, and that’s okay. The Committee who started working around the date back in 2004 currently uses IDAHOBIT, and will therefore use the hashtags #IDAHOBIT and #IDAHOBIT2024. Although we have seen

1012-434: The control of local communities or councils. For example, eco-socialists argue that firms should be controlled by the group of people whose ecosystem is directly affected by that firm's activity. Meanwhile, Anarchists view contemporary forms of employment as examples of unjust and unnecessary forms of hierarchy and centralization. Finally, Libertarian Marxists view history as a struggle between various social groups where

1056-426: The death-penalty for it. He also noted that "there has also been a recent global pushback on the freedoms of LGBTIQ+ people including new legislation that expands the criminalization of LGBTIQ+ people, including for human rights advocacy in this sphere." Grass-roots movement Grassroots democracy is a tendency towards designing political processes that shift as much decision-making authority as practical to

1100-547: The director of the journal Sexología y Sociedad , a magazine of Sexology edited by CENESEX. In 2008, the CENESEX and the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People established May as an awareness month about LGBT issues, specifically homophobia and transphobia. The month of May is turned into a month of awareness as well as festive activities centered around and planned by members of

1144-478: The eve of May 17, 2009, France became the first country in the world to officially remove transgender issues from its list of mental illnesses. Frenchman Louis-Georges Tin was founder of the day, and acted as its Committee Chairperson until his resignation in September 2013. He was succeeded by internationally renowned Venezuelan trans rights activist , lawyer and law professor Tamara Adrián , who became one of

1188-426: The first federal LGBTQ2 Action Plan and passing "legislation to fully protect gender identity and expression ". In 2024, Achim Steiner , United Nations Development Programme administrator noted that despite international human rights law requiring all countries to support the rights of LGBTIQ+ people, there are still many countries of the world, including 62 criminalizing same-sex relations, with 12 of them imposing

1232-665: The first trans legislators in Latin America in 2015. Louis-Georges Tin and two other Committee members started a hunger-strike in June 2012 to urge the French president Hollande to introduce a UN resolution decriminalising homosexuality . Biphobia was added to the name of the campaign in 2015, expanding the acronym IDAHOT by the letters BI to its current form IDAHOBIT . The Enforcement Act of Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 748 that legalised same-sex marriage in Taiwan

1276-579: The globe. IDAHOBIT is frequently used as a platform for organizing initiatives to advance the fight for the rights of LGBT+ groups in many countries, even in those (like Uganda ) in which homosexuality is criminalized. In 2021, United States president Joe Biden used IDAHOBIT to highlight efforts to alleviate LGBTQIA+ discrimination and to call on Congress to pass the Equality Act . The same day, Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau spoke of creating

1320-532: The hands of local chapters or common members instead of the head office. The principle is that for democratic power to be best exercised it must be vested in a local community and common members and instead of isolated, atomized individuals, at the top of the organization. Grassroots organizations can inhabit participatory systems . Grassroots systems differ from representative systems that allow local communities or national memberships to elect representatives who then go on to make decisions. The difference among

1364-506: The inclusive nature of a grassroots economy will enable new socioeconomic groups to emerge such that these struggles will abate, thereby, improving the human condition. Mariela Castro Mariela Castro Espín (born 27 July 1962) is the director of the Cuban National Center for Sex Education in Havana, as well as the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People, and an activist for LGBT rights in Cuba . Castro

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1408-446: The media, policymakers, public opinion, and wider civil society. One of the stated goals of May 17 is to create an event that can be visible at a global level without needing to conform to a specific type of action. This decentralized approach is needed due to the diversity of social, religious, cultural, and political contexts in which rights violations occur. As such, this leads to a variety of events and approaches towards celebrating

1452-484: The niece of former First Secretary and prominent Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro . She has a brother, Alejandro Castro Espín . Castro states that as a child, she grew up in a homophobic society where members of the LGBT+ community were targeted relentlessly in terms of both law and policy and societal standards and traditional expectations. Castro stated later in life that she and her peers would “laugh at gays, make fun of them”. After speaking with some of her friends in

1496-476: The organization's lowest geographic or social level of organization. Grassroots organizations can have a variety of structures; depending on the type of organization and what the members want. These can be non-structured and non-hierarchical organizations that are run by all members, or by whichever member wishes to do something. To cite a specific hypothetical example, a national grassroots organization would place as much decision-making power as possible in

1540-747: The past two decades is indeed cause for celebration. We call on States to uphold the inherent dignity of all persons, without distinction, by addressing the root causes of discrimination and violence. Measured against the benchmark of 'No one left behind: equality, freedom, and justice for all', it is also a reminder of just how much work still needs to be done, by all stakeholders, including business enterprises, to ensure an end to violence and discrimination directed against all individuals based on sexual orientation and gender identity." As of 2019, 69 countries criminalize same-sex relationships. Also, in 26 countries, transgender individuals are subjected to punishments, and they are disproportionately at risk of violence across

1584-707: The remit of 17 May. In 2003 the Canadian organization Fondation Émergence instituted a similar event, the National Day Against Homophobia , which was held on June 1 in Québec . In 2006, they changed the date to May 17, in order to join the international movement. In 2006, The Declaration of Montreal was created and adopted by the 2006 World Outgames . The Declaration demanded that the United Nations and all states recognize May 17 as

1628-498: The streets of the capital Tirana. In 2013, the day's Committee called for international actions for a Global Rainbow Flashmob to mark May 17. Activists in 100 cities, in 50 countries participated with diverse public events spanning coloured balloon releases , dance flashmobs, musical events, and performance and street art. On May 17, 2019, Taiwan became the first country in Asia to legally recognize same-sex marriage. In Nepal, this day

1672-427: The three systems comes down to where they rest on two different axes: the rootedness in a community (grassroots versus national or international); and the ability of all individuals to participate in the shared decision-making process (participatory versus representative). Grassroots democracy is a key component of libertarian socialist political philosophies, which, for various reasons, advocate putting firms under

1716-428: The time, was created as a result of women and other members of marginalized groups expressing their readiness to be involved in social change. One of their major efforts included a proposal for a change to the government family code that defined marriage as a union between two people, regardless of gender. Castro once stated in an interview that the federation "spearheaded efforts to confront machismo in many arenas." After

1760-413: The translation of the “I” as “intersexism,” this is a term considered to be vague and misleading. After consulting with Intersex organisations, we ask everyone to please refrain from using this term and use the term “intersexphobia” instead. Also note that the name of the Day does not currently include “intersexphobia,” as there is no global consensus among Intersex communities that this should be included in

1804-704: The virus have access to free antiretroviral drugs through the country’s health system. She is also president of the Cuban Multidisciplinary Centre for the Study of Sexuality , president of the National Commission for Treatment of Disturbances of Gender Identity , member of the Direct Action Group for Preventing, Confronting, and Combatting AIDS , an executive member of the World Association for Sexual Health (WAS), and

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1848-604: The world.   The day is particularly strong in Europe and Latin America, where it is commemorated with public events in almost all countries. May 17 is also marked in multiple countries in all world regions including, in 2013, 32 of the 76 countries in the world where same-sex relationships are criminalised. In Sweden, government bodies have observed the day. Common actions include large-scale street marches, parades and festivals. In Cuba, for example, Mariela Castro has led out

1892-505: Was passed on International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia in 2019, with the law coming into effect on 24 May 2019. As of 2022, it started being referred as International Day Against LGBTQIA+ Discrimination . The main purpose of the May 17 mobilisations is to raise awareness of violence, discrimination, and repression of LGBT communities worldwide, which in turn provides an opportunity to take action and engage in dialogue with

1936-583: Was the chosen date for the promulgation of the law allowing same-sex marriage in 2013), Luxembourg and Venezuela. It is also recognized by numerous local authorities, such as the province of Quebec or the city of Buenos Aires. In 2012, the city of Liverpool , England , created a pioneering programme of events in association with the organisation Homotopia, called IDAHO 50. The event was supported by 50 leading organisations based in Liverpool. On March 21, 2014, Mexico declared, by Presidential Decree, May 17 as

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