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25-693: In 2021 ILSI North America rebranded as the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences ( IAFNS ). Until 2018, ILSI operated as a member organization , whose members were exclusively food and beverage, agricultural, chemical, and pharmaceutical companies. In November 2018, ILSI restructured as a global federation of entities, consisting of non-profit organizations with public and private sector members. Based on its 2020 annual report, 70.8% of its revenue comes from membership dues and committee assessments; 19.2% from grants and contributions; and

50-531: A healthy diet." In January 2020, an ILSI-sponsored survey report by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) on consumption of added sugar among Indians, drew criticism from the Alliance Against Conflict of Interest (AACI). They described ILSI as a lobbying arm of the food industry, notorious for pursuing policy influence globally, with particular respect to sugary foods and beverages. As such, ILSI

75-594: A time-bound, goal-oriented approach with clearly defined targets, specific time frames, standardised and uniform methodologies, and often a multicentric structure. Open-ended research is conducted on the basis of applications for grants-in-aid received from scientists in non-ICMR Research Institutes, Medical colleges and Universities located in different parts of the country. Collaborative research projects with other institutes such as that between Institute of Pathology, Delhi and NCRM are also undertaken. ICMR's Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDL) for diagnosis of

100-554: A view to reduce the total burden of disease and to promote health and well-being of the population. In 1911, the Government of India set up the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA) with the specific objective of sponsoring and coordinating medical research in the country. After independence, several important changes were made in the organisation and the activities of IRFA. It was redesignated as

125-545: A wide range of others. Membership organizations may rely on membership software to provide services to their members through the Internet. This organization-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Indian Council of Medical Research The Indian Council of Medical Research ( ICMR ), the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research ,

150-473: Is also the secretariat for Health Ministry's Screening Committee (HMSC) meeting organised monthly for consideration of international collaborative research projects. It also encourages human resource development in biomedical research through Research Fellowships, Short-Term Visiting Fellowships, Short-Term Research Studentships, and various training programmes and workshops conducted by ICMR institutes and headquarters. For retired medical scientists and teachers,

175-476: Is any organization that allows people or entities to subscribe, and often requires them to pay a membership fee or " subscription ". Membership organizations typically have a particular purpose, which involves connecting people together around a particular activity, geographical location, industry, activity, interest, mission, or profession. This might simply be to encourage or facilitate interaction and collaboration, but it also often involves promoting and enhancing

200-561: Is certified by the Costa Rican government as an organization of public interest. A 2021 qualitative document analysis concluded that "The activities developed by ILSI on scientific integrity principles are part of a broader set of political practices of industry actors to influence public health policy, research, and practice." In 2001, an editorial in the British Medical Journal wrote that ILSI received money from

225-997: Is one of the oldest and largest medical research bodies in the world. The ICMR is funded by the Government of India through the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare . In 2007, the organization established the Clinical Trials Registry - India , which is India's national registry for clinical trials. ICMR's 26 national institutes address themselves to research on specific health topics like tuberculosis , leprosy , cholera and diarrhoeal diseases , viral diseases including AIDS , malaria , kala-azar , vector control, nutrition, food & drug toxicology, reproduction, immuno-haematology, oncology, medical statistics, etc. Its 6 regional medical research centres address themselves to regional health problems, and also aim to strengthen or generate research capabilities in different geographic areas of

250-500: Is strongly against any attempts to twist and manipulate science." As of 2019, ILSI entities are prohibited from accepting as members or accepting funds from tobacco companies. A 2019 New York Times article described ILSI as an organization 'which championed tobacco interests during the 1980s and 1990s.' Nutritionist Barry Popkin says that in China ILSI had "an extremely harmful influence, because they prevented raising awareness for

275-486: The tobacco industry from 1983 to 1998. ILSI denies accusations that it has ever sought to undermine tobacco control efforts. In a Letter to the American Journal of Public Health , ILSI responded to these allegations by saying that there is "little question that the tobacco industry has engaged in a variety of tactics to thwart public health efforts… As a scientific organization, ILSI deplores these tactics and

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300-695: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1949, with a considerably expanded scope of functions. The governing body of the council is presided over by the Union Health Minister . It is assisted in scientific and technical matters by a scientific advisory board comprising eminent experts in different biomedical disciplines. The board, in its turn, is assisted by a series of scientific advisory groups, scientific advisory committees, expert groups, task forces, steering committees etc. which evaluate and monitor different research activities of

325-797: The Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute in Washington (a chemical industry think tank), and also his future industrial clients." in 2009, partly in response to questions about the neutrality of its science, ILSI published an article "Funding Food Science and Nutrition Research: Financial Conflicts and Scientific Integrity" in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , proposing eight conflict-of-interest guidelines regarding industry funding "to protect

350-421: The aforementioned National Trust, which had 3.7 million members in 2010, each paying about £50 per year. Some of these membership organizations are referred to as multi-chapters if they have a main parent organization that is made up of chapters, clubs, or regions. Types of membership organization include professional associations , trade associations , voluntary associations , political parties , clubs , and

375-481: The council offers the position of emeritus scientist to enable them to continue or take up research on specific biomedical topics. The council also awards prizes to Indian scientists, in recognition of significant contributions to biomedical research as well as those who work in the underdeveloped parts of the country. At present, the council offers 38 awards, of which 11 are meant exclusively for young scientists (below 40 years). The Indian Journal of Medical Research

400-1001: The council. The council promotes biomedical research in the country through intramural as well as extramural research. Over the decades, the base of extramural research and also its strategies have been expanded by the council. Intramural research is carried out currently through the council's 30 permanent research institutes/centres which are mission-oriented national institutes located in different parts of India. The institutes pursue specific areas of research such as COVID-19 , tuberculosis , leprosy , cholera and diarrhoeal diseases, viral diseases including Rotavirus , dengue , COVID-19 , Ebolavirus , Influenza , Japanese encephalitis , AIDS , malaria , kala-azar , vector control, nutrition, food & drug toxicology , reproduction , immunohaematology , oncology , and medical statistics. Six Regional Medical Research Centres address regional health problems, and also aim to strengthen or generate research capabilities in different geographic areas of

425-646: The country. The council's research priorities coincide with National health priorities such as control and management of communicable diseases , fertility control, maternal and child health, control of nutritional disorders, developing alternative strategies for health care delivery, containment within safety limits of environmental and occupational health problems; research on major non-communicable diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, blindness, diabetes and other metabolic and haematological disorders; mental health research and drug research (including traditional remedies). These efforts are undertaken with

450-418: The country. It has also been involved in research related to rare diseases like Handigodu syndrome . Extramural research is promoted by ICMR by establishing Centres for Advanced Research in different research areas around existing expertise and infrastructure in selected departments of medical colleges, universities and other non-ICMR research institutes. The ICMR also funds task force studies which emphasise

475-556: The institute. ILSI Mexico was shut down in 2020. In 2018, Mars Inc ended their membership in ILSI, and in 2021, Coca-Cola Co. also withdrew from membership. In 2021, ILSI North America rebranded as the "Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences" (IAFNS). ILSI Global was awarded Guidestar 's Gold Seal of Transparency in 2021. ILSI Europe is included in European Union's Transparency Register . ILSI Mesoamerica

500-506: The integrity and credibility of the scientific record, particularly with respect to health, nutrition and food-safety science". In 2015, ILSI Mexico's operations were suspended for a year by the Board Executive Committee when it was discovered ILSI Mexico had sponsored a local conference where soft drink taxation was discussed, which was viewed as a "public relations effort to influence policy for commercial purposes" by

525-585: The purpose itself. Membership organizations are often not for profit , but there are also many commercially-run membership organizations, and some larger not for profit membership organizations (like the National Trust in the United Kingdom ) which have commercial subsidiaries. They vary in size from very small voluntary associations , which may not be formally established, to very large nationally or internationally renowned organizations, like

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550-525: The remaining from publications and conference registration . According to ILSI's bylaws , at least 51% of its Board of Trustees must come from the public sector (i.e. academic, government and non-governmental organization representatives). The remainder of the Board is elected from its member companies. According to ILSI, the organization receives in-kind support of time and expertise from volunteer academic, government, and non-governmental scientists. ILSI

575-771: The viral and other infectious diseases is gradually evolving and is proposed to be the largest network of laboratories for timely identification of viruses and other agents causing morbidity significant at public health level and specific agents causing epidemics and/or potential agents for bioterrorism and undertake research for identification of emerging and newer genetically active/ modified agents. In addition to research activities, ICMR also provides international fellowship programme for research and training and exposure of Indian biomedical scientists in various countries as well as offering opportunities to scientists from developing countries to come and work in Indian institutes/laboratories. It

600-437: Was accused of influencing the decisions of WHO and governments in their favour. The AACI "wonder[s] what strategic direction ICMR-NIN, the premier research agency of India, is giving to the people of India when this survey's findings projected in the media may potentially perpetuate more sugar consumption while pretending to be concerned about non-communicable diseases". Membership organization A membership organization

625-670: Was formed in 1978 by Alex Malaspina, who was concurrently a senior vice president at Coca-Cola from 1969 until leaving both Coca-Cola and the institute in 2001. In 1986, ILSI employee Michael Gough published a book about Dioxin and Agent Orange entitled Dioxin, Agent Orange: The Facts . The Los Angeles Times said that The Facts had "minimal scientific merit" as the book is about " toxicology , teratology , carcinogenesis , epidemiology and medicine"—areas where Gough had no authority as his qualifications were in molecular biology . The Times said that The Facts would however be useful to "dioxin defense attorneys, his current employers at

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