Misplaced Pages

IWGB

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

This is an accepted version of this page

#830169

67-697: IWGB may refer to: Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain Industrial Workers of Great Britain Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title IWGB . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IWGB&oldid=874494375 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

134-674: A food delivery service. In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to DiDi in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi. DiDi agreed to invest $ 1 billion in Uber. Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù). In 2016, Uber acquired Ottomotto , a self-driving truck company founded by Anthony Levandowski , for $ 625 million. Levandowski, previously employed by Waymo , allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he stole from Waymo. Uber settled

201-459: A kill switch during police raids to conceal data. Travis Kalanick dismissed concerns from other executives that sending Uber drivers to a protest in France put them at risk of violence from angry opponents in the taxi industry, saying "I think it's worth it, violence guarantees success". Taxi companies sued Uber in numerous American cities, alleging that Uber's policy of violating taxi regulations

268-530: A taxi on a snowy night in Paris. The prototype of the mobile app was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company. In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee; he was named chief executive officer (CEO) in May 2010. In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO and Graves became the chief operating officer . Following

335-471: A 'worker' and not a 'self-employed contractor' as Addison Lee had alleged. Jason Moyer-Lee described the case as another 'domino' within the changing law around the gig-economy, signifying progress in the IWGBs aim to ramp up the pressure against these employers. The IWGB took over an employment tribunal case against Uber in 2017 on behalf of two of 2 Uber drivers, James Farrar and Yaseen Aslam, The remainder of

402-732: A 2018 report noted that ridesharing complements public transit. A study published in July 2018 found that Uber and Lyft are creating more traffic and congestion. A study published in March 2016 found that in Los Angeles and Seattle the passenger occupancy for Uber services is higher than that of taxi services, and concluded that Uber rides reduce congestion on the premise that they replace taxi rides. Studies citing data from 2010 to 2019 found that Uber rides are made in addition to taxi rides, and replace walking, bike rides, and bus rides, in addition to

469-628: A beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011. Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was approximately 1.5 times that of a taxi. In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators. Kalanick believed that in addition to efficiency, Uber offered elegance because all drivers had fancy black cars. He did not feel that regular cars would be attractive. When Wingz, Inc. launched in 2011 with

536-532: A breakaway from Unite and UNISON . The dispute stemmed from disagreements over how to get better working conditions for cleaners at the University of London , and, more broadly, about how to run modern trade unions. The IWGB is one of the main trade unions in challenging employment law relating to the 'gig economy'. The IWGB represents workers in traditionally un-unionised sectors of the " gig economy ", including cleaners, couriers and drivers, foster carers,

603-475: A cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, but still subject to having a California Public Utilities commercial license. By December 2013, the service was operating in 65 cities. In December 2013, USA Today named Uber its tech company of the year. In August 2014, Uber launched a shared transport service in the San Francisco Bay Area and launched Uber Eats ,

670-426: A class action lawsuit. Ergo operatives posed as acquaintances of the plaintiff's counsel and tried to contact their associates to obtain information that could be used against them. The result of which was found out causing the judge to throw out evidence obtained as obtained in a fraudulent manner. On February 19, 2017, former Uber engineer Susan Fowler published on her website that she was propositioned for sex by

737-582: A feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates. In May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic , Uber announced layoffs of over 14% of its workforce. In June 2020, in its first software as a service partnership, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for Marin Transit ,

SECTION 10

#1732791224831

804-638: A five-star privacy rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation , but was harshly criticized by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy. In January 2024, Uber was fined 10 million euros ($ 11 million) by the Dutch Data Protection Authority for violating privacy regulations pertaining to

871-585: A joint venture minority-owned by SoftBank Vision Fund , Toyota , and Denso that was developing self-driving cars , was sold to Aurora Innovation for $ 4 billion in equity and Uber invested $ 400 million into Aurora. In March 2021, the company moved to a new headquarters on Third Street in Mission Bay, San Francisco , consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways. In October 2021, Uber acquired Drizly , an alcohol delivery service, for $ 1.1 billion in cash and stock; it

938-526: A lack of work. The IWGB demanded that Deliveroo implement a hiring freeze, as well as an increase in payment for deliveries from £4 to £5. Following these actions, Deliveroo wrote a letter to their couriers in Brighton stating that they would implement a hiring freeze, unrelated to the demands made by the IWGB. The IWGB supported Mags Dewhurst's Employment Tribunal against CitySprint . This considered whether

1005-493: A lawsuit regarding the use of such intellectual property and reached a deal to use Waymo's technology for its freight transport operations. In December 2016, Uber acquired Geometric Intelligence. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of "Uber AI", a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning. Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as

1072-444: A leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of Travis Kalanick . In 2009, Garrett Camp , a co-founder of StumbleUpon , came up with the idea to create Uber to make it easier and cheaper to procure direct transportation. Camp and Travis Kalanick had spent $ 800 hiring a private driver on New Year's Eve, which they deemed excessive, and Camp was also inspired by his difficulty in finding

1139-429: A leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of Travis Kalanick . Uber has been criticized for its strategy of generally commencing operations in a city without regard for local regulations. If faced with regulatory opposition, Uber called for public support for its service and mounted a political campaign, supported by lobbying , to change regulations. Uber argued that it

1206-512: A manager and subsequently threatened with termination of employment by another manager if she continued to report the incident. Kalanick was allegedly aware of the complaint. On February 27, 2017, Amit Singhal , Uber's Senior Vice President of Engineering, was forced to resign after he failed to disclose a sexual harassment claim against him that occurred while he served as Vice President of Google Search . After investigations led by former attorney general Eric Holder and Arianna Huffington ,

1273-467: A member of Uber's board of directors , in June 2017, Uber fired over 20 employees. Kalanick took an indefinite leave of absence but, under pressure from investors, he resigned as CEO a week later. Also departing the company in June 2017 was Emil Michael , a senior vice president who suggested that Uber hire a team of opposition researchers and journalists, with a million-dollar budget, to "dig up dirt" on

1340-540: A need for increased social spending throughout the UK but this should be on a basis of fairness; not self-serving party politics. Following the letter, the government announced that they would be seeking parliamentary approval before the release of these funds to Northern Ireland. Uber Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services , courier services, food delivery , and freight transport . It

1407-431: A partnership with Autzu, a Toronto-based ridesharing company. This collaboration provides Uber drivers with the opportunity to rent electric Tesla on an hourly basis. On May 10, 2019, Uber became a public company via an initial public offering . In the summer of 2019, Uber announced layoffs of 8% of its staff and eliminated the position of COO Barney Harford . In October 2019, Uber acquired 53% of Cornershop,

SECTION 20

#1732791224831

1474-533: A private courier service that works with the NHS to provide delivery services. For many months, TDL refused to recognise the IWGB, before the Central Arbitration Committee ruled on the case, obliging TDL to recognise the union as representative of the couriers. Previous to the ruling, the IWGB had secured full employment rights for a number of their members at TDL. The IWGB also intervened in

1541-713: A provider of grocery delivery services primarily in Latin America. In June 2021, it acquired the remaining 47% interest in Cornershop for 29 million shares of Uber. Between October 2019 and May 2020, Uber offered Uber Works, a mobile app connecting workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses in Chicago and Miami. In January 2020, Uber acquired Careem for $ 3.1 billion and sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to Zomato . Also in January 2020, Uber tested

1608-616: A public bus agency in Marin County, California . In September 2020, Uber committed to carbon neutrality globally by 2040, and required that, by 2030, in most countries, rides must be offered exclusively in electric vehicles . In December 2020, Uber acquired Postmates for $ 2.65 billion. Also in December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using VTOL aircraft, to Joby Aviation . In January 2021, Uber Advanced Technologies Group (ATG),

1675-439: A separate data breach had disclosed the personal information of 600,000 drivers and 57 million customers. This data included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and drivers' license information. Hackers used employees' usernames and passwords that had been compromised in previous breaches (a " credential stuffing " method) to gain access to a private GitHub repository used by Uber's developers. The hackers located credentials for

1742-610: A service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app. In April 2013, after Wingz, Inc. fought to become legal and obtained the first legal ridesharing license in the world, Uber copied this model and added regular drivers with personal vehicles to the UberX platform instead of only commercially-licensed vehicles, but subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards. In July 2012, Uber had introduced UberX,

1809-578: A single individual and was not a test case. We enjoy a good relationship with our fleet, many of whom have worked with us for some time, and have always strived to help them maximise their earnings. In a later Employment Tribunal case, after CitySprint's courier contract for HCA Healthcare had been transferred to Revisecatch Ltd t/a Ecourier, the tribunal found that as 'workers' Ms Dewhurst and others enjoyed rights under TUPE legislation. The IWGB supported cycle courier Andrew Boxer's Employment Tribunal against employer Excel Group Services Ltd. He argued that he

1876-526: A sound system that played samba music, as well as workers turning delivery vehicles away from the gates". Alongside strike action, the IWGB also launched a legal challenge to the University of London over the rights of 75 of their outsourced staff to negotiate their pay and conditions directly with the university itself. The IWGB, with the legal aid of the Good Law Project cited Article 11 of

1943-795: A take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 28.7% for mobility services and 18.3% for food delivery. Uber classifies its drivers as gig workers or independent contractors , which has drawn criticism and legal challenges because it allows the company to withhold worker protections that it would have been required to provide to employees. Studies have shown that, especially in cities where it competes with public transport , Uber contributes to traffic congestion , reduces public transport use, has no substantial impact on vehicle ownership, and increases automobile dependency . Other controversies involving Uber include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring/evading local regulations. Some of these conducts were revealed by

2010-548: Is "a technology company " and not a taxi company, and therefore it was not subject to regulations affecting taxi companies. Uber's strategy was generally to "seek forgiveness rather than permission". In 2014, with regards to airport pickups without a permit in California, drivers were actually told to ignore local regulations and that the company would pay for any citations. Uber's response to California Assembly Bill 5 (2019) , whereby it announced that it would not comply with

2077-692: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Independent Workers%27 Union of Great Britain The Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain ( IWGB ) is a trade union in the United Kingdom. The IWGB comprises eleven branches which organise workers within their chosen industry, run their own campaigns and have their own representative officials. Their members are predominantly low-paid migrant workers in London. The IWGB began as

IWGB - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-467: Is headquartered in San Francisco , California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 10,500 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 150 million monthly active users and 6 million active drivers and couriers. It facilitates an average of 28 million trips per day and has facilitated 47 billion trips since its inception in 2010. In 2023, the company had

2211-624: The Information Commissioner's Office . In 2020, the US Department of Justice announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer Joe Sullivan for obstruction of justice . The criminal complaint said Joe Sullivan arranged with Travis Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a "bug bounty" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data. In July 2017, Uber received

2278-708: The POET algorithm and a sequence of papers on neuroevolution . Uber AI was shut down in May 2020. In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi , the former CEO of Expedia Group , replaced Kalanick as CEO. Earlier in March 2015, as CEO of Expedia Group , Khosrowshahi had led a multimillion equity investment in Wingz, Inc. , the first ridesharing company in the world. In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in Russia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Georgia and Kazakhstan with those of Yandex.Taxi and invested $ 225 million in

2345-625: The R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union case. The IWGB intervened on the grounds that the UK's decision to leave the EU necessitates a debate in Parliament because the UK's decision to leave the EU directly affects its members. The IWGB were allowed to provide a written submission of up to a maximum of 20 pages, and sought the opportunity to present a brief oral submission of no more than 45 minutes, on issues surrounding

2412-498: The board of directors of the company and sold his shares. On February 27, 2015, Uber admitted that it had suffered a data breach more than nine months prior. Names and license plate information from approximately 50,000 drivers were inadvertently disclosed. Uber discovered this leak in September 2014, but waited more than five months to notify the affected individuals. An announcement in November 2017 revealed that in 2016,

2479-491: The Employment Tribunal, said that she classified Boxer as a worker, and not an independent contractor. She said that the contract that Boxer signed "did not reflect the reality of the situation... the inequality of bargaining power at this point was very notable". Excel did not provide witness evidence or attend the tribunal hearing. The firm initially offered to pay the claim for holiday pay "without acceptance of

2546-512: The European Convention on Human Rights to argue that the university's failure to negotiate directly with their de facto employees constituted an infringement on the right to collective bargaining enshrined in the convention. The case was considered a landmark legal challenge, with the potential to revolutionise the rights of outsourced workers in the UK. In 2017 their outsourced employer Balfour Beatty Workplace agreed to most of

2613-624: The High Court, claiming that it was arguable that the CAC should have considered the rights of Deliveroo riders to bargain collectively as enshrined in Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The IWGB has so far raised just short of £25000 to cover the legal costs of the case. In a separate case, the IWGB assisted Deliveroo couriers in Brighton after they spontaneously protested over

2680-416: The IWGB organised a further strike for 6 June to keep up the pressure on the university for concrete commitments. The IWGB has argued that 'independent contractors' for Uber , Deliveroo and other delivery firms are in fact 'workers' and has achieved notable court decisions in this area. In June 2018 Justice Simler gave the IWGB permission to challenge a 2017 ruling of the Central Arbitration Committee in

2747-545: The Supreme Court. Aslam and Farrar were chair and secretary of the Private Hire Drivers Branch of the IWGB. In an interview on BBC Breakfast in November 2017 Farrar noted the role of the IWGB in the case, saying: "the IWGB union has become the de facto union for the gig economy. We've got their support - they've been behind us 100% of the way." In February 2020, Yaseen Aslam, James Farrar and

IWGB - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-835: The UK's decision to leave the EU. In September 2017, the IWGB co-penned a legal letter to the government, claiming that they were required to seek parliamentary approval for £1 billion spending in Northern Ireland under the Conservative–DUP agreement . The IWGB acted on behalf of their members, with Jason Moyer-Lee claiming that: Many IWGB members’ jobs depend on public money, like foster care workers and low-paid outsourced university staff. They are routinely told that there's no money available to improve their pay, holidays and other terms and conditions they demand. Yet when it comes to keeping themselves in power, this government's fiscal discipline quickly dissipates. There's undoubtedly

2881-494: The Uber vehicles having a low average occupancy rate, all of which increases congestion. This increase in congestion has led some cities to levy taxes on rides taken with ridesharing companies. Another study shows that the surge factor pricing mechanism used for ridehailing services are informative for predicting taxi bookings as well, and that taxis incorporating this relative price can improve allocative efficiency and demand prediction. A study published in July 2017 indicated that

2948-432: The amount of work available and it keeps its couriers busy by limiting the size of the fleet'. The IWGB said this should be seen as a 'test case' and called for the decision to be rolled out across all of CitySprint's employees. CitySprint, who have a network of 3,500 couriers, disputed the verdict and the IWGB's claims stating that: We are disappointed with today's ruling. It is important to remember that this applies to

3015-422: The case. The App Drivers & Couriers Union is an independent trade union which focuses on the particular needs of drivers & couriers in the gig economy where their work is digitally mediated. In March 2018, the IWGB became the first union to be recognised within the gig-economy for collective bargaining. The ruling came within a campaign the IWGB was organising with couriers at The Doctors Laboratory (TDL),

3082-407: The claimant was a worker of CitySprint as opposed to being self-employed or a 'contractor'. The IWGB and Ms. Dewhurst were successful and the Employment Tribunal found that Ms. Dewhurst should be classed as a worker rather than self-employed. The Employment Tribunal labelled the contract as 'contorted', 'indecipherable', and 'window dressing', and noted that 'CitySprint ... has the power to regulate

3149-445: The claimant's claim". This was rejected by Mr Boxer. eCourier admitted to wrongly denying employment benefits to one of their couriers, IWGB member Demille Flanore, after incorrectly classifying him as an independent contractor rather than employee. The admittal came in response to an employment tribunal claim made by Flanore to contest his status – rather than contest the case, eCourier chose instead to admit their wrongdoing. The event

3216-522: The claimants stayed with GMB union. Prior to an appeal of the case that they had begun the year before. The case rested on Farrar and Aslam's claims that their classification by Uber as self-employed 'partners' was a sham, and that they should, in fact be classed as workers, entitling them to minimum wage and a whole host of other employment rights. The Tribunal concluded that Farrar and Aslam were indeed workers, and were accordingly entitled to both minimum wage and holiday pay. The Tribunal found that Uber

3283-625: The company classifies its drivers as gig workers / independent contractors . This figure has become the subject of legal action in several jurisdictions. The company has disrupted taxicab businesses and allegedly caused an increase in traffic congestion . Ridesharing companies are regulated in many jurisdictions and the Uber platform is not available in several countries where the company is not able or willing to comply with local regulations. Controversies involving Uber include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring and evading local regulations. Many of these were revealed by

3350-436: The company's Amazon Web Services datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 Amazon S3 buckets. Uber paid a $ 100,000 ransom to the hackers on the promise they would delete the stolen data. Uber was subsequently criticized for concealing this data breach. Dara Khosrowshahi publicly apologized. In September 2018, in

3417-404: The demands. Following further strikes in 2017 and 2018, the University of London released a statement in June 2018 declaring that they would begin to bring some of their outsourced staff back in house. Although the statements were vague on timings, some concessions were made to the IWGBs demands, including an acknowledgement that direct action had influenced the decision. Following the statements,

SECTION 50

#1732791224831

3484-666: The entire national executive committee of the IWGB private hire drivers branch voted unanimously to leave the IWGB to set up the App Drivers & Couriers Union (ADCU). From that point, the ADCU took control over the Aslam v Uber case and in July 2020, the App Drivers & Couriers Union defended against Uber's final appeal in the case at the UK Supreme Court - the highest court in the land. The IWGB has no further involvement in

3551-404: The first ridesharing website in the world using regular drivers, he felt that Wingz was illegal and contacted authorities to stop regular drivers from giving rides. The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a computational neuroscientist , and a machinery expert who worked on predicting arrival times for Uber's cars more accurately than Google APIs . In April 2012, Uber launched

3618-427: The increase in traffic caused by Uber generates collective costs in lost time in congestion, increased pollution, and increased accident risks that can exceed the economy and revenue generated by the service, indicating that, in certain conditions, Uber might have a social cost that is greater than its benefits. In 2016, Uber hired the global security consulting firm Ergo to secretly investigate plaintiffs involved in

3685-503: The largest multi-state settlement of a data breach, Uber paid $ 148 million to the Federal Trade Commission , and admitted that internal access to consumers' personal information was closely monitored on an ongoing basis was false, and stated that it had failed to live up to its promise to provide reasonable security for consumer data. In November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by

3752-750: The law, then engaged lobbyists and mounted an expensive public opinion campaign to overturn it via a ballot, was cited as an example of this policy. More than 124,000 Uber documents covering the five-year period from 2012 to 2017 when Uber was run by its co-founder Travis Kalanick were leaked by Mark MacGann, a lobbyist who "led Uber's efforts to win over governments across Europe, the Middle East and Africa", to The Guardian newspaper and first printed on 10 July 2022 by its Sunday sister The Observer . The documents revealed attempts to lobby Joe Biden , Olaf Scholz and George Osborne ; how Emmanuel Macron secretly aided Uber lobbying in France, and use of

3819-642: The personal lives and backgrounds of journalists who reported negatively on Uber, specifically targeting Sarah Lacy , editor of PandoDaily , who, in an article published in October 2014, accused Uber of sexism and misogyny in its advertising. In August 2018, Uber agreed to pay a total of $ 7 million to settle claims of gender discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environment, with 480 employees and former employees receiving $ 10,700 each and 56 of those employees and former employees receiving an additional $ 33,900 each. In December 2019, Kalanick resigned from

3886-1143: The tool to skirt local regulations and promised not to use the tool for that purpose. The use of Greyball in London was cited by Transport for London as one of the reasons for its decision not to renew Uber's private hire operator licence in September 2017. A January 2018 report by Bloomberg News stated that Uber routinely used a "panic button" system, codenamed "Ripley", that locked, powered off and changed passwords on staff computers when those offices were subjected to government raids. Uber allegedly used this button at least 24 times, from spring 2015 until late 2016. Studies have shown that especially in cities where it competes with public transport , ridesharing contributes to traffic congestion , reduces public transport use, has no substantial impact on vehicle ownership, and increases automobile dependency . Dead mileage specifically causes unnecessary carbon emissions and traffic congestion. A study published in September 2019 found that taxis had lower rider waiting time and vehicle empty driving time, and thus contribute less to congestion and pollution in downtown areas. However,

3953-588: The venture. In March 2018, Uber merged its services in Southeast Asia with those of Grab in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab. Between May 2018 and November 2018, Uber offered Uber Rent powered by Getaround , a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco. In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the Linux Foundation . In 2018, Uber formed

4020-489: The video games industry, and yoga teachers. The IWGB is a campaigning union which has waged a number of high-profile campaigns and is notable for its use of direct action and social media to generate widespread publicity and support for them. The General Secretary of the IWGB, Jason Moyer-Lee, has said that the union's aim is to: "Ramp up the pressure, using social media and by staging loud and disruptive protests, surprise protests and mini-occupations". 3 Cosas (3 Things)

4087-571: Was a campaign led by mostly Latin American outsourced cleaners to improve their working conditions at the University of London . The three demands were for annual leave, sick pay, and adequate pension contributions. The strike was notable for gaining support from Green Party leader Natalie Bennett , and the Labour MPs Jeremy Corbyn , John McDonnell and Andy Burnham . The strike was noted for its 'red balloons, drums, and

SECTION 60

#1732791224831

4154-427: Was a form of unfair competition or a violation of antitrust law. Although some courts did find that Uber intentionally violated the taxi rules, Uber prevailed in every case, including the only case to proceed to trial. In March 2017, an investigation by The New York Times revealed that Uber developed a software tool called "Greyball" to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service

4221-452: Was described as 'a major sea change' by the IWGB, reflecting the changing landscape of the gig economy. IWGB supported the case of cycle courier Chris Gascoigne in a case against his employer, Addison Lee, in August 2017. Following similar rulings in other IWGB supported cases against Excel, CitySprint, Uber and eCourier, employment Judge Joanna Wade ruled that Gascoigne was to be considered

4288-454: Was entitled to one week of holiday pay based on his work for Excel, which amounted to £321.16. Mr Boxer worked 9 hours a day, 5 days a week and had no opportunity to negotiate his pay rate or to provide someone else to do work on his behalf. When asked about his contract Mr Boxer said: "I had no choice, it would not have made a difference, they would have laughed at me if I had challenged a particular clause" Judge Joanna Wade, who presided over

4355-591: Was illegal such as in Portland, Oregon , Australia , South Korea , and China . The tool identified government officials using geofencing , mining credit card databases, identifying devices, and searches of social media. While at first, Uber stated that it only used the tool to identify riders that violated its terms of service , after investigations by Portland, Oregon , and the United States Department of Justice , Uber admitted to using

4422-440: Was shut down in early 2024. On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company Car Next Door . On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network by a hacker that utilized social engineering to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's VPN and intranet . The company said that no sensitive data had been compromised. Like other ridesharing companies,

4489-459: Was to be regarded as an employer, saying that the idea that the company was a: “mosaic of 30,000 small businesses linked by a common ‘platform’ is to our minds faintly ridiculous.” Uber appealed the decision, but their appeal was dismissed in November 2017, and a further appeal to the Court of Appeal was likewise dismissed in December 2018. Uber were, however granted permission for a final appeal to

#830169