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92-515: The International M1224 MaxxPro MRAP (Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected) is an armored fighting vehicle designed by American company Navistar International 's subsidiary Navistar Defense along with the Israeli Plasan Sasa, who designed and manufactures the vehicle's armor. The vehicle was designed to take part in the US military 's Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicle program, led by

184-634: A C-17 aircraft, and airlifting is expensive, at $ 150,000 per vehicle. The US Air Force contracted several Russian Antonov An-124 heavy-cargo aircraft, which became a familiar sight above cities such as Charleston, South Carolina , where some MRAPs were produced. For comparison, sealifting costs around $ 13,000 per vehicle, but takes 3–4 weeks. In December 2007, the Marine Corps reduced its request from 3,700 vehicles to 2,300. The Army also reassessed its MRAP requirements. In January 2010, 400 were flown into Afghanistan, increasing to 500

276-453: A common design presented a logistic challenge, but the diversity of MRAP vehicles also conferred an advantage. Their weight and size limits their use away from main roads, in urban areas, and over bridges, as 72 percent of the world's bridges cannot support the MRAP. Their heft restricts transport by C-130 cargo aircraft or amphibious ships. Three MRAP vehicles (or five Oshkosh M-ATVs) fit in

368-773: A complete subsystems overhaul for new gear after a certain number of years. The operational maintenance cost requirement of the AMPV is up to $ 90 per mile, compared to $ 58 per mile for the M113. In March 2013, the Army issued a draft request for proposals (RFP) for the AMPV. The RFP proposed a $ 1.46 billion contract for design and development phases. The engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase would build 29 prototypes over four years from 2014 through 2017 for $ 388 million. Low-rate initial production (LRIP) would be from 2018 to 2020 at $ 1.08 billion for 289 production models. After 2020,

460-543: A crew served weapon. Tasks include conducting logistics package escort, emergency resupply, casualty evacuation , and security for medical evacuation and 522 vehicles are planned. This variant replaces the M113 AMEV . Requirements are for 3 crew and able to have either 6 ambulatory patients, 4 litter patients, or 3 ambulatory patients and 2 litter patients. It must also have medical equipment sets and environmental cooling. Tasks include conducting medical evacuation from

552-976: A delivery order for an additional 140 MRVs with rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) nets from the U.S. Marine Corps Systems Command. Uzbekistan is known to be a user of the recovery vehicle version of the MRAP At Association of the United States Army 2013, a version called the Mission Command on the Move (MCOTM) was displayed as a command post with monitors, computers, and antennae mounted in the back for communications and surveillance. Five passengers can monitor incoming information, see unmanned aerial vehicle feeds, and keep track of where units are operating. The vehicle has an on-board transmission-integrated power generator that can produce up to 120 kilowatts of exportable power, which eliminates

644-554: A mixed fleet would save billions of dollars through lower life-cycle costs compared to one fleet of either solution. The Stryker family of vehicles already includes all AMPV versions, except medical treatment, so "up-front" availability of those vehicles would shorten development timelines and allow the M113 to be replaced quicker. In May 2014, the House Armed Services Committee Tactical Air and Land Forces Subcommittee passed its markup of

736-675: A month in February, but the goal of 1,000 a month was scaled back because of distribution and training difficulties. On 31 July 2007, the Marine Corps Systems Command launched an MRAP II pre-solicitation to develop a new vehicle with better protection, particularly against such threats as explosively formed penetrators . While the Frag Kit 6 was designed to handle EFPs, the MRAP ;II competition's purpose

828-560: A platform for "mission command-on-the-move" to protect command-and-control capabilities while moving across the battlefield. Most MRAPs in Korea were redeployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. North Korean military officials claimed MRAPs would be used to safely cross the DMZ to attack the North, and said the forward deployment of such military hardware disturbed peace and stability. However, by August 2013,

920-565: A protest with the GAO, but would still be engaged in talks with Congress and the Department of Defense . The company may believe it has a better chance of gaining support through Congress, which favors a strategy of buying a mix of both Stryker and Bradley vehicles, and would be less likely to act if the dispute was brought to the GAO to avoid affecting the outcome of the protest. AMPV proposals were due by 28 May 2014. General Dynamics also favors

1012-584: A relatively long production schedule for a non-developmental vehicle of 13 years: 3 years for low-rate production and 10 years for full-rate production. The production plan was partly based on budgetary constraints, but also to be able to speed up production in the event of war or another contingency. 33 percent of an Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) is made up of M113s, which are not used in combat operations because they are less mobile and poorly protected than other combat vehicles in an ABCT. Full-rate production should build just under 300 AMPV vehicles per year, but

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1104-544: A specially shaped metal plate at high velocity while simultaneously forming it into an armor-piercing projectile. In Iraq, EFP use more than doubled in 2006. In 2007, 11 percent of all roadside bomb fatalities were due to EFPs. In 2007, the Marines had estimated that MRAPs could reduce IED casualties in Iraq by as much as 80 percent. This MRAP weakness was addressed by the next-generation MRAP II. As an interim solution,

1196-588: A split buy, using tracked Bradley-type vehicles for mobility missions while having wheeled Strykers as an armored ambulance and for support vehicle missions not assigned to combat brigades. Although a split buy may be considered, with lower-mobility vehicles serving in rear-echelon units outside of armored brigades, the Army is unlikely to procure a mix of tracked and wheeled armored vehicles within an ABCT itself due to risk of mobility differences hindering cross-country maneuvering and mechanical differences increasing maintenance demands. General Dynamics claims that using

1288-524: A submission, saying they would not compete in the program as the requirements and other provisions did not allow them to provide a competitive solution. The company ruled out bringing their protest to the Federal Circuit Court so they could pursue other options, including their mixed fleet idea to include Stryker medical vehicles. The Senate Appropriations Committee may include language in its 2015 defense appropriations bill that prohibits

1380-508: A variant equipped with a remote controlled turret Kongsberg Protector RT20 (30 mm). In December 2018, the AMPV programme was approved to move into the "Production and Deployment phase" of the acquisition. As part of this milestone, the production in LRIP would start. Romania is looking for a successor to its Soviet-era infantry fighting vehicles . A bid for the supply of those vehicles has been opened for 298 vehicles (2 prototypes, 246 for

1472-636: A vehicle more versatile and mobile against a wide range of adversaries while having off-road mobility comparable to Bradleys and M1 Abrams tanks. Some reports suggested that the AMPV program was being favored over the Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) program. While procurement of the AMPV fleet would cost over $ 5 billion, the Government Accountability Office estimates the GCV fleet would cost $ 37 billion. In April 2013,

1564-610: A wheeled vehicle could get bogged down in, preventing an armored ambulance from reaching wounded soldiers in time. Using BAE's Bradley-based chassis allows for commonality between 75 percent of an armored brigade's combat vehicles, easing maintenance and logistics and ensuring the vehicles have comparable mobility. There are to be five versions of the AMPV: This variant replaces the M113A3 APC. Requirements are for 2 crew and 6 troops, be configured to carry one litter, and mount

1656-485: Is a Category II MRAP version of the MaxxPro. It is a larger and longer version of the base vehicle. Because it is longer, it has three bullet-resistant windows on each side, instead of two. The MaxxPro XL can carry up to 10 soldiers. There is also an MRAP Recovery Vehicle; 250 have been ordered. These are well suited to recovering other vehicles which have been damaged by IEDs. On 18 July 2011 Navistar Defense received

1748-577: Is able to, including very soft ground. BAE said the Army's changed mobility requirements from a zero turning radius to a larger turning radius that could accommodate a wheeled design and that requirements do not specify a Bradley-based vehicle because a pure Bradley solution would not meet them; the AMPV's survivability requirements are higher than that of an M2 equipped with the Bradley Urban Survival Kit (BUSK) III . Navistar Defense also offered its MaxxPro MRAP to fulfill part of

1840-705: Is bolted together instead of welded, as in other MRAPs. This facilitates repair in the field and is a contributing factor to Navistar's greater production capacity for the MaxxPro. In 2010, the Army initiated a development effort to add electronic stability control (ESC), a computerized technology designed to improve vehicle stability, to the MaxxPro. The MaxxPro's high ground clearance provides greater protection from underbody blasts, but also raises its center of gravity, causing rollovers in certain situations. The ESC combines road factors, vehicle data, and driver intent to automatically correct driving to ensure stability during maneuvers. Installation on MaxxPros began in late 2014 and

1932-608: Is less prone to the rollover problems that have plagued MRAP vehicles. MaxxPro Dash M1235A1 has a smaller turning radius and higher torque to weight ratio. Production of the MaxxPro Dash began in October 2008 with delivery of 822 units completed by February 2009. MaxxPro Dash with improved DXM suspension system. On 5 May 2011 Navistar Defense received a $ 183 million delivery order for 250 International MaxxPro Dash ambulances with DXM independent suspension. The MaxxPro XL

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2024-524: Is overseeing the entire MRAP program, it is unclear which branches of the US Armed Services will be receiving the vehicles, and in what numbers. The contract was worth over $ 623 million, making it then the biggest MRAP contract to date. The US Marine Corps plans to replace all HMMWVs "outside the wire" in Iraq with MRAP vehicles. A further order for 16 Category 2 versions (dubbed MaxxPro XL)

2116-412: Is requiring the vehicle be a commercial off-the-shelf design that can be incrementally improved. The vehicle would have new technologies including electronics, networking, and communications gear added onto the platform as they become available later. If the AMPV can incorporate newer satellite communications as they are developed, they could be linked to other ground vehicles that would normally require

2208-540: Is separated into three categories according to weight and size. The Mine-Resistant Utility Vehicle (MRUV) is relatively small and light, designed for urban operations. These Category 1 MRAP vehicles were ordered or are in service: The Joint Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Rapid Response Vehicle ( JERRV ) is designed for missions including convoy lead, troop transport, ambulance , explosive ordnance disposal and combat engineering . These Category II MRAP vehicles were ordered or are currently in service: In 2004,

2300-599: Is the MaxxPro Dash, which is a smaller and lighter category 1 model. Both the Plus and Dash models use the MaxxForce 10 engine with 375 hp, in place of the DT 530 with 330 hp, used in the original base model produced. The M1224 MaxxPro base model uses a crew capsule with a V-shaped hull , mounted on an International 7000 chassis. The V-hull deflects the blast of a land mine or improvised explosive device (IED) away from

2392-647: Is to be completed by late 2017, with other MRAPs planned to have ESC integrated onto them. Initially just two vehicles were delivered for testing at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in March 2007. Following testing, a first order for 1,200 MRAP Category 1 MaxxPro vehicles was placed by the US Marine Corps Systems Command on 31 May 2007 for delivery by February 2008. However, as the U.S. Army Research and Development laboratory

2484-659: Is to provide indirect mortar fire and 386 vehicles are planned. In 2024, trials of the AMPV equipped with a Patria NEMO mortar turret took place in Fort Moore, Georgia. BAE Systems announced in 2024 having tested a variant of the AMPV equipped with a C-UAS turret, the Leonardo M-SHORAD . An internal BAE project in collaboration with the US Army to develop an engineer vehicle to replace M113's in that role at Echelons Above Brigade (EAB). BAE Systems presented

2576-594: Is unknown whether the gunner was killed by the explosion or by the subsequent vehicle rollover. The v-hull was not compromised. The crew compartment also appeared to be uncompromised, and the three other crew members inside the vehicle survived. Although this was reported as the first MRAP combat death, later reports stated that three soldiers had earlier been killed by IEDs in RG-31s and two by EFPs in Buffalos. As of 6 May 2008, eight soldiers had been reported killed in

2668-533: The Congressional Budget Office said the AMPV would be a better buy because analysts have asserted that the vehicles the GCV is slated to replace should not be first. The GCV was to replace 61 M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles in each armored combat brigade, making up 18 percent of the 346 armored combat vehicles in each armored brigade. A September 2013 Congressional Research Service report suggested that given budgetary constraints,

2760-492: The Krauss-Maffei Wegmann ATF Dingo that uses a similar design, one which mounts an armored capsule to a Unimog chassis. This design has survived a 7 kg (15 lb) land mine blast with no injuries. According to Navistar Defense, the vehicle is designed with operational readiness in mind and uses standardized, easily available parts, to ensure rapid repair and maintenance. The armored body

2852-639: The M1068A3 command post carrier . Requirements are for 2 crew, 2 operators, and a mount for a crew served weapon. The task is to serve as a command post and 993 vehicles are planned. This variant intends to become the cornerstone of the Army’s ABCT Network Modernization Strategy. This variant replaces the M1064A3 mortar carrier . Requirements are for 2 crew and 2 mortar crew, with a 120 mm mortar and 69 mortar rounds. The task

International MaxxPro - Misplaced Pages Continue

2944-549: The US Marine Corps , as well as a similar US Army -led Medium Mine Protected Vehicle program. MRAPs are categorized as category 1 or category 2, depending on usage and passenger compartment space, and Navistar produces the MaxxPro in both sizes, although the vast majority of those sold have been category 1 MRAPs. The MaxxPro Plus model comes with dual rear wheels for increased load carrying capacity, such as an ambulance or EFP protected variant. The latest model produced

3036-695: The United States Marine Corps reported that no troops had died in more than 300 IED attacks on Cougar vehicles. In 2007, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates decided to increase MRAP vehicle orders. On 8 May 2007, Gates announced that acquisition of MRAPs was the Department of Defense 's highest priority for fiscal year 2007; $ 1.1 billion was earmarked . A 2008 GAO report found that Marine combat planners had delayed "an urgent request in 2005 for 1,169 MRAPs", primarily because then- commandant General Michael Hagee wanted to preserve funding for up-armoring Humvees, believing they were

3128-609: The 14-ton MRAPs had forced insurgents to build bigger, more sophisticated bombs. Those bombs are more difficult to build and set up, increasing the chance of catching the insurgents. According to Marinetimes.com , the Taliban focused their efforts away from anti-materiel IEDs and more toward smaller anti-personnel bombs to target soldiers on patrol. The MRAP program is similar to the United States Army 's Medium Mine Protected Vehicle program. The MRAP program's lack of

3220-837: The 1970s by the Rhodesian Army , and were further developed by South African manufacturers starting in 1974 with the Hippo armored personnel carrier (APC). The first step by the South African Defence Force (SADF) was the Bosvark, a Unimog fitted with a shallow mine-deflecting tub on the chassis to protect the crew. Then came the first generation of purpose-built vehicles, including the Hippo and various other light vehicles. They were essentially armoured V-shaped hulls mounted on truck chassis. The next generation

3312-534: The 1980s, the M2 Bradley replaced the M113 in the front-line transport role, moving it to rear-area roles. In the Iraq War , urban warfare tactics still defeated the M113, leading it to be almost entirely replaced in active service by Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles. MRAPs were useful on the roads of Iraq, but have less payload capacity and worse off-road performance. The AMPV aims to find

3404-478: The 2ID had decided not to utilize the over 80 MRAPs on the peninsula. They determined the vehicles were "not suitable for maneuver battalions to use" and no plans involved adding MRAPs. The vehicles were returned to the Army fleet management system. In 2013 the U.S. government attempted to sell about 2,000 out of the 11,000 MRAPs in Afghanistan. The logistical and financial task of bringing the vehicles back to

3496-660: The 30-ton MRAP II vehicles. The paper also reported that, in addition, the Pentagon might buy some shorter, lighter MRAPs. A senior Pentagon official told them that "the roads are caving in" under the weight of MRAPs and "We want it to weigh less". In 2010 Textron presented the Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV), a protective capsule that can increase Humvee survivability to MRAP levels while significantly improving mobility. SCTV consisted of five kits; all five need to be installed before

3588-452: The ABCT formation. Army leaders have rejected General Dynamics' idea of using a wheeled vehicle for medical evacuation in armored brigades, saying a tracked vehicle's superior mobility better enables it to retrieve wounded soldiers. The requirements were for a vehicle that could go wherever the tracked vehicles of an armored brigade went, which would include rough terrain and soft ground that

3680-549: The AMPV role. The idea is to replace the M113 sooner with the more survivable mine-resistant MaxxPro until the AMPV can be fielded in 2020. The Army Materiel Command denied General Dynamics' protest in April 2014. Their response was that although BAE had an advantage being the manufacturers of the Bradley and M113, the government was not required to neutralize that and that does not constitute preferential treatment. Regarding OEVs,

3772-478: The Army Materiel Command clarified that they may not specifically be used for conversion but could still be exchanged for foreign sales or be scrapped, which would be less cost-effective. General Dynamics could have gone to the Government Accountability Office with its protest, or simply withdraw from the competition. In April 2014, General Dynamics released a statement saying they wouldn't file

International MaxxPro - Misplaced Pages Continue

3864-657: The Army from funding the medical evacuation variant of the AMPV. This is due to lobbying from General Dynamics to Congress in order to get the Stryker incorporated into future Army vehicle plans, with the Senate claiming time and funding may be wasted on developing a new medical evacuation variant when "a wheeled combat vehicle has successfully deployed in combat with armored brigade combat teams," referencing Stryker medical vehicles deployed with some heavy brigades in Iraq. The Army said that this would require them to compete that part of

3956-462: The Army planned to award a five-year EMD contract in May 2014 to one contractor, which will manufacture 29 vehicles for government testing, followed by a three-year LRIP contract starting in 2020. The EMD phase was extended from FY 2015 to FY 2019, and raised the cost to build 29 prototypes to $ 458 million. Expenditures for three years of LRIP for 289 vehicles were $ 244 million the first year, $ 479 million

4048-465: The Army planned to buy another 2,618 vehicles over ten years for a total of 2,907 AMPVs. Cost per vehicle is not to exceed $ 1.8 million, totalling $ 4.7 billion for the entire fleet. As with the revised GCV program, one development contract will be awarded to one company. In October 2013, the Army released a new draft RFP, delaying the start of the program by one year and raising the development costs by several hundred million dollars. The new document said

4140-791: The EMD phase for AMPVs. 39 Bradley vehicles of versions previous to the current M2A3/M3A3 configurations and 39 M113s not including the M113 AMEV can be exchanged by the government to the contractor for credit. In February 2014, General Dynamics filed a protest with the Army Materiel Command on grounds that the AMPV requirements had been written to favor a chassis based on the BAE Systems Bradley Fighting Vehicle , making it more difficult for their Stryker designs or other foreign designs to compete in

4232-558: The Engineering, Manufacturing, and Development (EMD) phase of the AMPV program. The initial award is for a 52-month base term, to produce 29 vehicles across each of the variants. It contains the option to begin Low-Rate Initial Production (LRIP) immediately following the EMD's conclusion to produce an additional 289 vehicles for the total contract value of $ 1.2 billion. The vehicles are to move as rapidly as

4324-691: The Excess Defense Articles program. It offered to buy them and transport from Afghanistan to Pakistan. After the US rejected the offer, Pakistan bought 200 new MRAPs. Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle The Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle ( AMPV ) is a U.S. Army program to replace the M113 armored personnel carrier and family of vehicles. AMPV is a sub-project of the Next Generation Combat Vehicle program. In 2014,

4416-501: The FY 2015 budget. Language pertaining to the AMPV approved 80 percent of requested funding, but withheld 20 percent until the Army submitted a report on the program by May 2015. The report requests a study on replacing M113 vehicles in formations separate from frontline fighting, rather than just in armored brigades, and the feasibility of a wheeled vehicle being used for the medical evacuation role. This works into General Dynamics' suggestion of

4508-399: The GCV program may be unrealistic, and that one potential discussion could focus on a decision by the Army to replace the GCV with the AMPV as their number one ground combat vehicle acquisition priority. The Army FY 2015 budget proposal suggests canceling the GCV program and moving funds to the AMPV as the service's priority vehicle program. In order to keep development costs down, the Army

4600-573: The MRAP production line. As of that date, 27,740 MRAP vehicles had been fielded from seven manufacturers, 12,726 vehicles were still in Afghanistan, about 870 were sold to foreign militaries, and 700 were on foreign order. In early July 2012, five MRAP vehicles were delivered to the 2nd Infantry Division in the Korean Peninsula . The 2ID tested over 50 vehicles to see how they would be used there and whether their capabilities were right for Korea. In addition to force protection, MRAPs provided

4692-614: The MRAP program are often criticized for their bulk. The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle is designed to provide the same protection as an MRAP vehicle with lower weight and greater maneuverability. In 2015, Oshkosh was awarded a contract to produce up to 49,100 vehicles for the US Army and Marine Corps based on its successful MRAP ATV. Following the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan , questions arose as to what to do with MRAPs, as they were designed specifically for asymmetric warfare . The Army decided they would keep them in some sort of service. Of

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4784-410: The MRAP vehicles raised their centers of gravity , and the weight can damage the badly built/poorly maintained roads in rural Iraq or Afghanistan to the point of collapse. Almost 40 of the 66 MRAP accidents between 7 November 2007 and 8 June 2008 were due to rollovers. In many of the rollovers, troops were injured. In two separate incidents, five soldiers were killed by rolling over into a canal, trapping

4876-489: The Stryker medical evacuation vehicle would save $ 2 billion in life cycle costs and that it is smoother and quicker than a tracked vehicle in the role. In May 2014, BAE Systems submitted their proposal for the AMPV competition. Their submission was based on the Bradley and Paladin Integrated Management designs to meet the force protection and all-terrain mobility requirements with maximum commonality within

4968-629: The TSG/FPI Cougar was designed by a British-led U.S. team, to U.S. Marine Corps requirements. It became the springboard from which the MRAP program was launched. Only two "armor quality" steel mills operate in the U.S.: the Russian-owned Oregon Steel Mills and the International Steel Group (now part of ArcelorMittal ). The U.S. Department of Defense negotiated to ensure enough steel

5060-720: The U.S. ($ 50,000 per vehicle), or destroying some in-country, was prohibitive. Destruction costs were estimated to be $ 10,000 per vehicle. In September 2014, the U.S. approved a $ 2.5 billion deal with the United Arab Emirates Army for over 4,500 surplus U.S. MRAPs. 1,150 vehicles were Caimans. The U.S. government approved transferring 930 MRAP vehicles to Egypt using the Excess Defense Articles Grant Program. The MRAP vehicles were donated, although Egypt had to pay for shipment and refurbishment. Pakistan requested MRAPs through

5152-627: The U.S. Army selected BAE Systems ' proposal of a turretless variant of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle to replace over 2,800 M113s in service. As of 2013 , five variants of the 2,907 AMPV are planned: As of 2015 the program evolved to the following numbers (according to the GAO Program Performance of the fiscal year 2015 for the AMPV program ) The first AMPV prototype was rolled out in December 2016, and

5244-435: The U.S. Marine Corps System Command ordered 773 RG31 (1) MRAPs ($ 552M) from General Dynamics Land Systems Canada for delivery by April 2009. On 19 June 2007 the U.S. Army ordered an additional 44 BAE RG-31 Mk 5 vehicles and an additional 369 M1117 ASVs . The MRAP Armor Weight Reduction Spiral (MAWRS) Program reduced weight by 40 percent, and was fielded on more than 10,000 MRAP vehicles in 2008. The program

5336-435: The ability is there to quickly increase production if an ABCT needed to deploy to combat. Letting industry build as fast as possible regularly only to stop it later is seen as irresponsible. In November 2013, the Army released the official AMPV EMD phase RFP. Despite sequestration budget cuts, the program is maintaining its previously stated goal of 2,907 vehicles at $ 1.8 million each, built over 13 years. A 5-year EMD contract

5428-456: The approximately 20,000 MRAPs in service, 30 percent (6,000) would stay in brigade combat teams as troop transports and route clearance vehicles, 10 percent (2,000) would move to training, and the rest would go into storage. MRAPs were to be superseded by the JLTV in 2016. They may still be used until 2022, when the JLTV achieves sufficient numbers. On 1 October 2012, the Pentagon officially closed

5520-473: The dropdown stairs at the rear of some versions was claimed to hamper vehicle exit. Troops riding in the rear could easily hit their heads on the ceiling in rough terrain, thereby risking serious brain and spinal injuries. Earlier reports had stated that the MRAP was well received, with US troops stating that they would rather be hit by an IED in an MRAP than in a Humvee. A 13 June 2008 Marine Corps report exposed concerns about rollovers. The V-shaped hulls of

5612-629: The family of vehicles. The BAE AMPV team includes: DRS Technologies for power management, distribution, and integration; Northrop Grumman for Mission Command Mission Equipment Package design and integration; Air Methods Corporation for medical evacuation and treatment subsystems; and the Red River Army Depot for vehicle teardown and component remanufacture. A 52-month EMD contract was to be awarded in January 2015, with prototypes delivered after 24 months. General Dynamics did not make

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5704-569: The first order of 2008, 743 Category I MaxxPros were ordered. The MaxxPro was by now the only Category I MRAP still receiving fresh orders. On 19 September 2012, Navistar received an order worth $ 282 million to upgrade more than 2,300 MaxxPro Dash vehicles to the MaxxPro Dash ISS version. The upgrades include the Diamond Xtream Mobility Independent suspension system. The upgrade is designed to give

5796-423: The first production vehicles began rolling out in September 2020. In March 2023, the U.S. Army delivered the first AMPVs to the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia. As of 5 August 2023, the AMPV had entered full-rate initial production. The M113 has been in service since the early 1960s and while able to take on various roles, has proven too vulnerable for combat. In

5888-518: The launch of the Oshkosh M-ATV vehicle. In 2015, Oshkosh Corporation was awarded a contract to build the Oshkosh L-ATV as the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle , a lighter mine-resistant vehicle to replace the Humvee in combat roles and supplement the M-ATV. The MRAP's high center of gravity means it has a tendency to roll over easily. In one study, a majority of MRAP accidents are overturned vehicles. Specialized light armored vehicles designed specifically to resist land mines were first introduced in

5980-472: The military installed a variant of the Humvee 's IED-defeating Frag Kit 6 armor, which adds significant weight and width. In July 2008, the U.S. military reported the number of EFP attacks had dropped by 70 percent. On 19 January 2008, a 3rd Infantry Division U.S. Army soldier, Specialist Richard Burress, operating as the exposed turret gunner was killed in a Navistar MaxxPro MRAP by an ANFO IED estimated at 600 lb (270 kg). It

6072-540: The mixed Bradley/Stryker AMPV acquisition idea, saying a combination fleet would match missions with Bradley and Double V-hull (DVH) Stryker strengths to quickly provide enhanced survivability and lower logistics costs. The Stryker M1135 NBC reconnaissance vehicle is already organic within ABCTs, and the M1133 medical evacuation vehicle deployed with an ABCT to Iraq in 2009. Using the wheeled Stryker to perform some AMPV missions would offset costs associated with maintaining tracked vehicles. A company analysis concluded that

6164-410: The need for a towed trailer and can single-handedly power a semi-permanent tactical operations center. It would allow commanders to be connected to dismounted troops and headquarters while on the move. The MCOTM version will undergo testing at the Army's network integration evaluations in February 2014. MRAP Production of the first round of MRAP vehicles officially ended in 2012, followed by

6256-449: The plan would allow the Army to get solutions they want from the existing fleet. The company is also planning to make it a maintenance vehicle and mortar carrier. Navistar considered modifying the MaxxPro to fit Army requirements for the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle program to replace the M113 family of vehicles. Navistar felt that although it has less capabilities such as gap crossing, their wheeled MRAP could be capable enough to meet

6348-423: The point of injury to an aid station and medical resupply replenishment and 790 vehicles are planned. This variant replaces the M577A3 medical vehicle . Requirements are for 4 crew and one litter patient, as well as medical equipment sets and environmental cooling. Tasks include serving as the forward aid station, main aid station, and battalion aid station and 216 vehicles are planned. This variant replaces

6440-442: The primary combat vehicles in an ABCT during unified land operations over multiple terrain sets with superior force protection, survivability, and mobility than the M113. They will support the M1 Abrams and M2/M3 Bradley to resupply the formation, conduct battle command functions, deliver organic indirect fires, provide logistics support and medical treatment, and perform medical and casualty evacuation to function as an integral part of

6532-405: The program separately, write a new RFP, and come up with a new acquisition strategy, independent cost estimate, and acquisition decision memorandum. This could potentially cost an additional $ 95 million, delay the program at least two years, and would take money away from Abrams, Bradley, and Stryker modernization efforts. In December 2014, BAE Systems was awarded a $ 383 million contract to begin

6624-406: The program. They cite the option of using excess Bradleys as optional exchange vehicles, which is difficult for a competitor not offering the chassis, the Army not providing performance data on Bradley components outside of BAE, which they could use to develop a tracked offering, and mobility requirements that exclude wheeled vehicles, which call for a vehicle that can go 100 percent of places the M113

6716-484: The quickest way to protect Marines from roadside bomb threats. In late 2007, the Marine Corps planned to replace all Humvees in combat zones with MRAP vehicles, although that changed. As armored vehicles were considered an urgent need in Afghanistan, the MRAP program was primarily funded under an "emergency war budget". Originally, Brigadier General Michael Brogan was in charge of the Marine MRAP program; he

6808-417: The same cost saving reasons. On 16 June 2008 Navistar debuted a new version called MaxxPro Plus. MaxxPro Plus has increased engine power and payload, as well as Frag Kit 6 enhancements for increased explosively formed penetrator protection. On 4 September 2008 the U.S. Marine Corps awarded Navistar a $ 752 million contract to develop and produce a lighter, smaller, and more mobile MaxxPro variant that

6900-439: The second year, and $ 505 million the third year, totaling an increase to $ 1.2 billion for low-rate production. The AMPV will cost $ 1.68 billion before full-rate production begins, an increase from $ 1.46 billion previously. The new draft did not change the total number of vehicles desired and does not include an average unit manufacturing cost. Congress approved $ 116 million for the program in the Army's FY 2014 budget. The AMPV has

6992-528: The soldiers underwater with no means of escape. The report said 75% of all rollovers occurred in rural areas, often where roads had been built above grade with an adjacent ditch or canal. The report also raised concerns associated with MRAP vehicles snagging on low-hanging power lines or its antennas passing close enough to create an electric arc, which might electrocute the passengers. The MRAP may not be sufficiently effective against Explosively Formed Penetrators (EFP), which use an explosive charge to propel

7084-439: The solutions required and be cheaper by selecting a vehicle already in the inventory. Navistar offered the MaxxPro as a stop-gap solution to replace the M113 quickly with the more survivable MRAP, to be used until the AMPV can be fielded in 2020. BAE Systems was awarded the AMPV contract in December 2014. The company is also pitching the MaxxPro to replace the M113 in units above brigade level not directly involved in fighting for

7176-541: The thousands of MRAPs in Iraq. In June 2008, USA Today reported that roadside bomb attacks and fatalities were down almost 90%, partially due to MRAPs. "They've taken hits, many, many hits that would have killed soldiers and Marines in unarmored Humvees," according to Adm. Michael Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Major General Rick Lynch, who commanded a division in Baghdad, told USA Today that

7268-458: The vehicle can be properly called an SCTV. The vehicle features a monocoque V-shaped hull and angled sides to help deflect rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) with scalable levels of protection. It has greater engine power, replacing the 6.5 liter diesel engine with a Cummins 6.7 liter diesel and Allison 6-speed transmission, as well as stronger suspension, improved brakes, higher ground clearance, and many other modifications. Vehicles built as part of

7360-401: The vehicle to protect its occupants. Because the chassis is mounted outside the armored crew capsule, there are concerns that it will likely be destroyed in the event of an ambush, leaving the soldiers inside stranded. However, according to Navistar Defense spokesperson Roy Wiley, the MaxxPro "did extremely well during the tests, and we are extremely pleased." This design may prove as effective as

7452-514: The vehicles improved capability and technology for a lower cost than purchasing a brand-new vehicle. Work began in December in Afghanistan in the field and was completed by June 2013. About 9,000 MaxxPro vehicles were bought by the U.S. Army between 2007 and 2011, and they plan to keep only about 3,000 of them. Navistar is pitching the MaxxPro MRAP as a vehicle that can be upgraded into a mobile command post or power generator. With budget cuts,

7544-577: Was available to keep pace with production. The U.S. military's MRAP program was prompted by U.S. casualties from improvised explosive devices (IED)s during the Iraq War . Vehicle designs from various vendors were deployed as part of the MRAP program. MRAPs usually have V-shaped hulls to deflect explosive forces from land mines or IEDs below the vehicle, thereby protecting vehicle and passengers. MRAPs weigh 14 to 18 tons, are up to 9 feet (2.7 m) high, and cost between US$ 500,000 and US$ 1,000,000. These companies submitting designs: The MRAP class

7636-425: Was expected to be $ 48.5 billion (FY10-11). The MRAP program was criticized for its nearly $ 50 billion cost, the potential logistical difficulties due to high fuel consumption and varied designs, decreased connection between troops and the local population due to MRAPs' size and appearance, which conflicted with counter-insurgency (COIN) strategy, and unclear disposal routes. In 2007, the post-war fate of MRAPs

7728-581: Was later disqualified due to limited forward armor. The two qualified designs were an upgraded Caiman designed by Armor Holdings (later acquired by BAE Systems), and the Bull , a combined effort between Ideal Innovations Inc, Ceradyne and Oshkosh . Both designs weighed 40,000 lb or more. According to the Army Times , the Pentagon had already decided to buy first-generation 14- to 24-ton MRAP I vehicles with extra Frag Kit 6-derived armor, not

7820-661: Was led by the Army Research Laboratory . Forecasting the need for better and lighter protection from IEDs, ARL developed aggressive weight-reduction goals and set out to demonstrate practical technology options by the end of the 2008 financial year. The program's technical approach was to exploit computing and terminal-effects experimentation to scale known technologies, understand the most viable armor mechanisms for penetrator defeat, and to introduce light-weight composites, new materials, and enhanced ballistic mechanisms to reduce weight. The ARL's MAWRS program

7912-442: Was placed on 19 June 2007 for delivery by September 2007. An additional 755 Category 1 MaxxPros were ordered on 20 July 2007, also for delivery by February 2008, and a third order for a further 1,000 vehicles was announced on 18 October 2007. In the final order of 2007 a further 1,500 Category 1 MaxxPros were ordered bringing the total to 4,471. Of total MRAP orders to the end of 2007, 45% are MaxxPros (66% of Category 1 MRAPs). In

8004-492: Was recognized by U.S. Army Materiel Command as among the "Top Ten Great Inventions of 2008." Oshkosh was awarded a $ 1.06 B firm-fixed-priced delivery order to exercise an option for 1,700 MRAP All Terrain Vehicles. A similar Army contract for 1,700 MRAP ATVs was valued at a further $ 1.06 B. By 2009, the U.S. Department of Defense had spent $ 20 billion on the MRAP program. Total MRAP program expenditure with final deliveries

8096-572: Was represented by the Buffel , a Unimog chassis with a mine-protected cab and a mine-protected crew compartment mounted on it. These early vehicles overloaded their chassis and they were clumsy off-road. The Casspir infantry mobility vehicle was developed for the SADF after 1980; this was the inspiration for the American MRAP program and the basis for some of the program's vehicles. In 2004,

8188-654: Was succeeded by Brigadier General Frank Kelley, Commander, United States Marine Corps Systems Command. The Army MRAP program was managed by Kevin Fahey, U.S. Army Program Executive Officer for Combat Support and Combat Service Support. In 2007, the Pentagon ordered about 10,000 MRAPs at a cost of over $ 500,000 each, and planned to order more. On 14 March 2008, the U.S. military ordered 1,024 (2) Caimans from BAE (worth $ 481.8 million), 743 (1) MaxxPros from Navistar ($ 410.7 million), and special command vehicles and ambulances from BAE ($ 234 million). On 17 July 2007,

8280-552: Was to be awarded to one manufacturer in May 2014 to produce 29 vehicles for testing, which will be followed by a 3-year LRIP contract in 2020. Although the October draft RFP raised the cost of the EMD phase to $ 458 million, the official November RFP lowered it to $ 436 million. Annual expenditures for the EMD phase are $ 70 million in FY 2015, $ 174 million in FY 2016, $ 114 million in FY 2017, $ 64 million in FY 2018, and $ 14 million in FY 2019. The RFP also contains an Optional Exchange Vehicle (OEV) program to exchange up to 78 vehicles during

8372-665: Was to find a vehicle that did not need the upgrade kit. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory worked to ensure the technologies used in Frag Kit ;6 would be available to MRAP II designers. The 2007 solicitation asked for greater flexibility. Initial testing at Aberdeen Proving Grounds disqualified Force Dynamics (reinforced Cougar ), GDLS Canada (upgraded BAE OMC RG-31 ), Navistar subsidiary IMG (upgraded MaxxPro ), Textron 's upgraded M1117 , and Protected Vehicles, Inc's upgraded Golan vehicle. Blackwater USA ( Grizzly APC with Ares EXO Scale appliqué armor )

8464-589: Was uncertain, given their high transport and operational costs. MRAP funding pulled money away from other tactical vehicle programs, most noticeably the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle , which was delayed by two years. According to Army Times , troops openly wondered about some MRAPs. One question centered around the inwards-facing design of the rear seats, given that an outward-facing design would have allowed troops to fire through ports, which some versions lacked. The height and steepness of

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