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International Premier Tennis League

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The International Premier Tennis League (IPTL, officially the Coca-Cola International Premier Tennis League Presented by Qatar Airways pursuant to sponsorship agreements with The Coca-Cola Company and Qatar Airways ) was an annual team tennis league that took place in various cities in Asia. Founded in 2013, the elite level exhibition tennis tournament took place for the first time in November 2014. Due to financial issues the tournament was not held in 2017.

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68-865: Mahesh Bhupathi announced the founding of the International Premier Tennis League on 25 May 2013, in Paris. The initial plan was to start the league with six charter franchises in Asia with the inaugural season commencing in November 2014. Bhupathi said the league would be modeled after the Indian Premier League , a cricket league in India. Justin Gimelstob said that the league would be star-driven as World Team Tennis

136-475: A career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. He is also the founder of International Premier Tennis League . In December 2016, Bhupathi was appointed as India's next non-playing Davis Cup captain and took over the reins from Anand Amritraj in February 2017. Mahesh Bhupathi is considered one of the top doubles players of the 1990s and 2000s. In 1999, Bhupathi won three doubles titles with Leander Paes , including

204-406: A cricket league in India. Justin Gimelstob said that the league would be star-driven as World Team Tennis was in the 1970s. Break Point – A documentary series of Zee5 app released in 2021 unfolding the ups and downs in the relationship between Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupathi. Forca Kochi FC Coach (sport) An athletic coach is a person coaching in sport , involved in

272-669: A coach to be seen as effective, the people they work with should be improving, with expert coaches being able to sustain that over an extended period of time. There are various areas of development that can be categorized, which was first done with a 5 C's model: competence, confidence , connection, character and compassion and was then later shortened to a 4 C's model by combining character and compassion. People's competence can relate to their sport-specific technical and tactical skills, performance skills, improved health and fitness, and overall training habits. Their confidence relating to an internal sense of overall positive self-worth. Having

340-992: A deal with IPTL to televise every league match of the 2014 season on a pay-per-view basis in the United States. On 7 November 2014, IPTL announced it had reached agreements on television broadcast contracts with ABS-CBN in the Philippines and SingTel in Singapore . The league also said there would be television coverage of its matches in the United Kingdom, France, Italy, the Czech Republic , Serbia , Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Brazil. In total, television coverage of IPTL matches will be available in more than 125 countries worldwide and reach over 300 million households. Starting in

408-638: A defeat at the hands of Marcel Granollers and Marc López . Bhupathi and Bopanna played with different partners for the first three months of 2013, Bhupathi winning the tournament in Dubai in March with Michaël Llodra , but rejoined starting with the Monte-Carlo Masters. Mahesh Bhupathi is known for his strong serve . According to Rafael Nadal , his strong backhand makes him the best for an Ad Court player. Roger Federer acclaims him as one of

476-406: A different category as follows: The order of play is decided by the coach of the home team. If two teams are playing at a neutral site, then a coin toss determines which coach chooses the order of play. The first serve in the first set is determined by a coin toss. The team that served last in the last game or tiebreaker of the previous set will receive during the next set. Each team can call

544-411: A game point won. If the team that wins the fifth set is trailing in the match, the match will go to sudden-death overtime effectively extending the fifth set. If the leading team wins one game in overtime, it wins the match tie. If the trailing team wins enough games in overtime to tie the match score without losing a game, a timed seven-minute men's singles super shoot-out is played to decide the winner of

612-404: A good connections is the positive bonds and social relationships with people inside and outside of the sporting context. Then character is respect for the sport and other participating showing good levels of morality , integrity , empathy , and responsibility . The competence of a person is linked to leadership and centered around becoming a self-reliant member of a sports team and society in

680-476: A key role in developing and managing the careers of many Indian athletes, including Sania Mirza . Mahesh Bhupathi announced the founding of the International Premier Tennis League on 25 May 2013, in Paris . The initial plan was to start the league with six charter franchises in Asia with the inaugural season commencing in November 2014. Bhupathi said the league would be modeled after the Indian Premier League ,

748-402: A match tie has four points added to its total in the team standings. If the losing team accumulates at least 20 game points, it receives two points in the team standings. If the losing team accumulates at least 10 but less than 20 game points, it receives one point in the team standings. Losing teams that earn less than 10 game points do not receive any points in the team standings. The team with

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816-575: A payment deadline, PVP said it had withdrawn from the league due to lack of clarity over how IPTL's business model was progressing and disagreements over player contracts. PVP did not want the team to be solely responsible for payment of player salaries and favored the league being obligated as well. By June 2014, the Manila franchise had been named the Manila Mavericks , the Falcons had become

884-418: A power point once in each set when receiving serve, and the next point played will count double. Effectively, a player trailing 15–0 can directly get to 15–30 by winning the power point. Games are played to four points using no-ad scoring . Each game won by a player or doubles team adds one point to the team's score in the match. The team with the most points at the end of the five sets wins the match. Each set

952-501: A prior belief in player performance. The internal and external framing of a coaches role can impact their reflection, suggesting perspective can be a limitation promoting the idea of a coaching community for feedback. The coaching behavior assessment system has been used to show that coaching knowledge and behavior have significant influence on participants psychological profile affecting self-esteem , motivation , satisfaction, attitudes, perceived competence , and performance. For

1020-477: A professional level is expecting of players to already be well-versed into the (general) tactics of football, so that he or she can instead focus on implementing their version of football tactics (style of play) into the team. In English football, the director of a professional football team is commonly awarded the position of manager , a role that combines the duties of coach and sporting director. All coaches of association football teams need to carefully consider

1088-449: A sports team influence the social interactions which can affect player performance and development, fan culture, and in professional sport , financial backing. Effective coaches have knowledge that helps in all social contexts to make the best of each situation, with the coach–athlete relationship. being one of the most crucial to get right. Excellent communication skills are imperative for coaches in order to provide their athletes with

1156-399: A team with the overall match lead in the final set. If a player on a team with the overall match lead gets injured during the fifth set, he or she cannot be replaced. The team trailing in the match is credited with enough games won to tie the overall match score and send it to a super shoot-out. Players removed from a set for a substitute may play in later sets in the match. The team that wins

1224-528: Is "the consistent application of integrated professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal knowledge, to improve athletes competence, confidence, connection, and character in specific coaching contexts". Coaches need descriptive knowledge and procedural knowledge that can relate to all aspects of coaching, with expert coaches using tacit knowledge more freely. Teachers' knowledge has been categorized, like coaches knowledge with various terms being used. Such terms assist players and athletes' understand what

1292-434: Is imperative for youth players to develop, because by the time they reach senior level (aged 18 and over), they are expected to know the tactical basis of the game - first team coaches at senior level do not actively teach tactics, they mainly just implement them. Therefore, youth coaches need to have a solid understanding of the tactics of the game, so that they can facilitate, as a pedagogue, for their players' growth also on

1360-422: Is not just about sport specific skills and education, especially when taking a holistic approach. Keeping sports people safe, and healthy while participating are responsibilities of a coach as well as awareness of social factors like the relative age effect . Much of coaching involves interacting with players, staff, community, opposition, and then family members in youth sport. The relationships built in

1428-430: Is won when a team is the first to reach six games won. If the score is five-games-all, a timed five-minute shoot-out will be played. The player or doubles team leading at the end of five minutes wins the set. If the team that wins the fifth set is leading the match, the match is over. If the score is tied after one team has won the fifth set, a timed seven-minute men's singles super shoot-out is played. The result counts as

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1496-525: The French Open and Wimbledon . He and Paes became the first doubles team to reach the finals of all four Grand Slams , the first time such a feat has been achieved in the open era and the first time since 1952. On 26 April of that year, they became the world no. 1 doubles team. Bhupathi also won the US Open mixed doubles with Ai Sugiyama of Japan. In 2006, Bhupathi teamed with Martina Hingis in

1564-766: The Indian Aces , and the Singapore franchise was being referred to as the Singapore Lions. On 10 May 2014, IPTL announced that the Bangkok franchise would be moved to Manila , Philippines due to political unrest in Thailand . On 19 June 2014, an IPTL press release revealed the owners of the four franchises to the general public . The owner of the Indian franchise, Micromax Informatics Ltd. proved to be

1632-736: The UAE Royals and the Lions had become the Singapore Slammers . The IPTL was not held in 2017 after 3 seasons of the tennis league due to financial issues. The number of legs was reduced to three from the previous five for the 2016 season and the league was not able to secure players, Roger Federer and Serena Williams. It was planned that the following season of the IPTL would be hosted in a single country. In 2018, Broadcast Sports News accused founder Mahesh Bhupathi of non-payment of dues to

1700-582: The general manager . The term manager used without qualification almost always refers to the field manager, while the general manager is often called the GM. At amateur levels, the terminology is more similar to that of other sports. The person known as the "manager" in professional leagues is generally called the "head coach" in amateur leagues; this terminology is standard in U.S. college baseball . In American football , like many other sports, there are many coaches and assistant coaches. American football includes

1768-436: The shorter formats of the game have made good fielding more valuable. All major U.S. collegiate sports have associations for their coaches to engage in professional development activities, but some sports' professional coaches have less formal associations, without developing into a group resembling a union in the way that athletic players in many leagues have. U.S. collegiate coaching contracts require termination without

1836-423: The " ologies " of sports science like; sport psychology , sport biomechanics , sport nutrition , exercise physiology , motor control , critical thinking , sociology , strength and conditioning , and sporting tactics, with all the associated sub areas of knowledge. This category of knowledge is what most coach education has been focused on but this alone is not enough to be an effective coach. Coaching

1904-497: The 2015 season, ESPN will broadcast the IPTL to the Spanish-speaking Latin American and English-speaking Caribbean countries. On November 9, 2015, IPTL went into one-year broadcast agreement with Philippine sports broadcaster Sports5 for the online and television airing of the games. The IPTL announced it has secured sponsorship from at least two companies in November 2014; The Coca-Cola Company as

1972-707: The 2016 season, only 4 teams from the previous 5 participated. The UAE Royals , one of the participating teams, did not play any games in their country. On 22 August 2014, IPTL announced it had reached an agreement for the Middle East and North Africa television broadcasting rights with Abu Dhabi Media . On 16 October 2014, IPTL announced that STAR Sports would broadcast the league's matches live in both standard definition and high definition in India during its inaugural 2014 season . The league's matches will also be available live on STAR Sports's website. On 4 November 2014, Integrated Sports Media announced it had reached

2040-485: The Australian Open mixed doubles competition. Entering the tournament unseeded and as wildcards, the first-time pair defeated four seeded opponents along the way, while only dropping a single set throughout. Bhupathi and Hingis defeated the sixth-seeded team of Daniel Nestor and Elena Likhovtseva in straight sets, 6–3, 6–3, to capture the championship. It was the sixth mixed doubles Grand Slam for Bhupathi, and

2108-467: The French Open semifinals, Knowles and Nestor, split up. Bhupathi became Knowles' partner, while Zimonjić became Nestor's, but back surgery meant he was out until the end of the year. In 2009, Bhupathi and compatriot Sania Mirza won the mixed doubles title at the Australian Open, beating Nathalie Dechy and Andy Ram , 6–3, 6–1, in the final. The Indian pair thus made up for the disappointment of

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2176-456: The Hong Kong franchise among the five. Later news reports in February 2014, indicated that there would be five franchises including one based in Hong Kong but not one in the Middle East. IPTL conducted its inaugural player draft on 2 March 2014. Right up until the day before the draft, the media remained under the impression that the Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur franchises would participate in

2244-630: The IPTL's stakeholders. Bhupathi confirmed the non-payment but added that the Legendari group which is behind the Japan Warriors team which joined the IPTL in 2016 was largely responsible for the leagues' financial crisis alleging the group of committing fraud. All IPTL matches conform to the rules of tennis and code of conduct laid down by the International Tennis Federation . A match comprises five sets each of

2312-537: The Olympics. When AITA relented to the wishes of Bhupathi and Bopanna and permitted them to play together, they lost in the second round to the unseeded French pairing of Richard Gasquet and Julien Benneteau . The duo of Bhupathi and Paes has the longest doubles streak in Davis Cup history. Bhupathi has also been involved in developing tennis facilities in India and, along with his company Globosport, has played

2380-624: The adequate skills, knowledge and mental as well as tactical ability. A coaches ability to improve relies on professional development in continued learning which uses a combination of evaluation and reflective practice . Their recognition of personal ethical views and disposition are also elements of intrapersonal knowledge. The understanding of oneself and ability to use introspection and reflection are skills that take time to develop, using deliberate practice in each changing context. Coaching expertise requires this knowledge much like teachers as each experience can confirm or contradict

2448-459: The best doubles players of all time. He often discusses strategies between the serves with his partner during the match and also communicates using finger-at-the-back signals. Bhupathi appeared with Paes in six season finales. In 2011, they appeared, for the first time since 2002, after securing qualification in mid-October. Bhupathi played at the year-end championships with Paes from 1997 to 2000 and in 2002, reaching three finals. In 1997, they lost

2516-456: The coach is trying to get them to execute. Augmented feedback is one of the terms used, which is the term used for the different ways a coach can give evaluations. Many categories fall under content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and pedagogical-content knowledge. When considering the need to build relationships with others and athletes, interpersonal knowledge has been included. Then when considering professional development , which requires

2584-402: The coaching context. Competencies have guided much of sport psychology supporting positive youth development. The self-determination theory suggests an environment that supports autonomous decision making, can help develop competence, confidence, and connection to others affecting motivation. Effective coaches therefore create supportive environments while building good relationships with

2652-405: The coaching staff does not use the title of "head coach", but is instead called the field manager . Baseball "coaches" at that level are members of the coaching staff under the overall supervision of the manager, with each coach having a specialized role. The baseball field manager is essentially equivalent a head coach in other American professional sports leagues; player transactions are handled by

2720-453: The couple got divorced in 2009 after seven years of marriage. He then married Miss Universe 2000 Lara Dutta in a civil ceremony on 16 February 2011 at Bandra , Mumbai . It was followed by a Christian ceremony on 20 February 2011 at Sunset Point in Goa. On 1 August 2011, Dutta confirmed that she was pregnant with their first child. Their daughter Saira was born on 20 January 2012. In 2010,

2788-532: The couple started a film production company, Big Daddy Productions. In 2014, Mahesh Bhupathi launched an authentic Indian sports brand, ZEVEN. The company currently endorses Ravindra Jadeja , Rohan Bopanna , Shikhar Dhawan and Mary Kom , amongst others. Bhupathi and Leander Paes partnered in the men's doubles event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, but lost the quarterfinals, to Roger Federer and Stanislas Wawrinka of Switzerland, who went on to win

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2856-580: The direction, instruction, and training of a sports team or athlete . The original sense of the word Coach is that of a horse-drawn carriage , deriving ultimately from the Hungarian city of Kocs where such vehicles were first made. Students at the University of Oxford in the early nineteenth century used the slang word to refer to a private tutor who would drive a less able student through his examinations just like horse driving . Britain took

2924-576: The doubles championship with Leander Paes at the Asian Games in Doha. In 2001, he was awarded the Padma Shri , one of India's highest civilian awards. Bhupathi is an alumnus of the University of Mississippi in the United States. He is the founder of Globosport India private Limited which he started in 2002 as a sports and entertainment agency. He married model Shvetha Jaishankar in 2002 but

2992-530: The eventual champions Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor . After Wimbledon , Bhupathi teamed with Pavel Vízner to win the 2007 Canada Masters , defeating the top-ranked doubles team Bob and Mike Bryan en route. After this victory, he won a tournament in New Haven with Nenad Zimonjić . At the 2007 US Open , he and Zimonjić paired in doubles . After the US Open, the team that beat Bhupathi and Štěpánek in

3060-429: The final to Rick Leach and Jonathan Stark . They lost the 1999 final to Sébastien Lareau and Alex O’Brien . In 2000, they lost the final to Donald Johnson and Pieter Norval . Bhupathi also qualified with Max Mirnyi in 2003, 2004, and 2010, when they finished runners-up to Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić . He appeared at the finals with Mark Knowles in 2008 and 2009. In 2012, he and Rohan Bopanna made it to

3128-601: The final, but lost 3–6, 4–6 to the Bryan brothers. On 7 June 2012, Bhupathi and Sania Mirza won the French Open mixed doubles. On 4 November 2012, Bhupathi and partner Rohan Bopanna won the Paris Masters cup. In spite of suffering a setback with their loss against Jonathan Marray and Frederik Nielsen in the ATP Tour Finals opener, the Indian duo reached the final round of the ATP Tour Finals, but suffered

3196-576: The final, where they lost to Marcel Granollers and Marc López . By winning the 2006 Australian Open title, Bhupathi completed the mixed doubles Career Grand Slam. He became the eighth male player in history to achieve this. The tournaments won by Bhupathi are in boldface, and advanced into finals by Bhupathi are in italics.    Not seeded at all, or not seeded inside the top 10    Seeded 10–4    Seeded no. 3    Seeded no. 2    Seeded no. 1    Not seeded at all, or not seeded inside

3264-431: The first one for Hingis. By winning the Australian Open, Bhupathi completed a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. In 2007, Bhupathi and Radek Štěpánek reached the 2007 Australian Open men's doubles event 's quarterfinals. Bhupathi teamed with Štěpánek at the 2007 French Open to make the doubles semifinals, defeating two-year defending champions Jonas Björkman and Max Mirnyi in the quarterfinals. The team lost to

3332-506: The first point of the league's inaugural match. On 30 November, the Aces defeated the UAE Royals in Pasay, 28–20, in a matchup of two previously unbeaten teams to move into first place in the standings at the end of the league's Philippines wing. The Indian Aces were declared the champions of the inaugural season on the final day with overall 2 points lead over the runners-up UAE Royals. For

3400-413: The game, cricket coaches generally focus on occasionally sending out messages or feedback to the team, especially during breaks in the play such as time-outs ; otherwise, most coaches have an auxiliary role in helping the players practice, with each one generally specializing in improving the batting and bowling skills of the players. In recent years, fielding coaches have received more priority, as

3468-564: The gold medal. Paes and Bhupathi decided to team up again at the Australian Open 2011, ending a nine-year separation on the ATP circuit. They reached the finals of the event, but lost to American twins Bob and Mike Bryan . Paes stated at the time that the best thing has been to have their friendship back. The Indian duo has a 303–103 career record together. They have a Davis Cup record of longest winning streak in doubles, with 23 straight wins. Leander Paes wanted to play with Mahesh Bhupathi in

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3536-617: The lead in upgrading the status of sports in the 19th century. For sports to become professionalized, "coacher" had to become established. It gradually professionalized in the Victorian era and the role was well established by 1914. In the First World War, military units sought out the coaches to supervise physical conditioning and develop morale-building teams. John Wooden had a philosophy of coaching that encouraged planning, organization, and understanding , and that knowledge

3604-578: The league and that the Middle East franchise was doubtful. However, only four teams participated in the draft: Bangkok, Mumbai, Singapore and Middle East now referred to as the Dubai franchise. No mention was made by IPTL of the Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur franchises which had abruptly disappeared. By May 2014, the Dubai franchise was being referred to as the UAE Falcons, the Mumbai franchise had been named

3672-433: The league's title sponsor. and Qatar Airways as the league's presenting sponsor. Mahesh Bhupathi Mahesh Shrinivas Bhupathi (born 7 June 1974) is an Indian former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. In 1997, he became the first Indian to win a major tournament (with Rika Hiraki ). With his win at the 2006 Australian Open mixed doubles , he joined the elite group of eight tennis players who have achieved

3740-451: The level of seniority they are coaching at, the professional level that they're coaching at, and the country they are coaching in, amongst others. In youth football, the duties of a coach is primarily to aid in the development of technical skills. Additional skills that are important for a coach to help youth players develop is motor skills, stamina and the ability to read the game of play accordingly. A solid foundation of tactical awareness

3808-484: The match tie. A coin toss decides who serves first in super shoot-outs. During IPTL matches, a shot clock keeps track of the countdown between points and during the change overs. There will be a maximum of 20 seconds between each game point and a maximum of three minutes between each set. Each team can call for a coach's time out once during each set. Each time out is limited to a maximum duration of 60 seconds. Each team can make one player substitution per set except

3876-656: The men's doubles event of the London Olympics , to be held July–August 2012. On 19 June 2012, the All India Tennis association relented to the demands of Bhupathi and Bopanna of not playing along Paes. Two teams were sent for the London Olympics- 2012, with Mahesh Bhupathi and Rohan Bopanna as one team and the other team consisting of Leander Paes and Vishnu Vardhan. Bhupathi also accused AITA of using Sania Mirza as bait for Leander's participation in

3944-605: The most points throughout the season is declared the IPTL champion. In the event that two or more teams share the highest points on the final tally, the criteria to decide the champion are The IPTL champions will receive the IPTL Challenge Trophy along with a grand prize of US$ 1,000,000. IPTL started its inaugural season on 28 November 2014, with the Indian Aces defeating the Singapore Slammers , 26–16, in Pasay , Metro Manila , Philippines . Rohan Bopanna served

4012-515: The payment of a settlement if the coach is found to be in serious violation of named rules, usually with regard to the recruiting or retention of players in violation of amateur status. The NFL head coaches have an association, called NFL Coaches Association (NFLCA), which includes almost all the coaches in the NFL. At baseball 's professional level in North America, the person who heads

4080-403: The people they coach. In professional sports, a coach is usually supported by one or more assistant coaches and a specialist team including sports scientists . The staff may include coordinators, a strength and conditioning coach , sport psychologist , physiotherapist , nutritionist , biomechanist , or sports analyst . In association football , the roles of a coach can vary depending on

4148-438: The previous year's final when they were beaten by Sun Tiantian and Nenad Zimonjić . With this win, Bhupathi's count in mixed doubles Grand Slam titles increased to seven. Bhupathi broke up his partnership with Knowles and began playing once again with Max Mirnyi , with whom he played to win the 2002 US Open . In 2011, Bhupathi reunited with former playing partner Leander Paes for the 2011 Australian Open . The team reached

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4216-549: The reason the team was no longer called the Mumbai franchise, because it preferred to have the team play its home matches in New Delhi . A group called PVP Ventures led by entrepreneur Prasad V Potluri and cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar had been the original franchise owners with a plan to play home matches in Mumbai. While league managing director Bhupathi said PVP Ventures had been replaced by Micromax, because PVP missed

4284-578: The skills to learn from experience while utilizing reflective practice , intrapersonal knowledge has been included. It is rare in professional sport for a team not to hire a former professional player, but playing and coaching have different knowledge bases. The combination of professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal knowledge can lead to good thinking habits, maturity, wisdom, and capacity to make reasonable judgements. The subject, sport, curricular, and pedagogical knowledge all fall under this category of professional coaches knowledge. Including

4352-452: The tactical ability and skill level of their teams when selecting tactics and strategy for games as well as practice. The coach in ice hockey is the person responsible for directing the team during games and practices, prepares strategy and decides which players will participate in games. Coaches have much less of a role in cricket matches than in other sports, with the team captain making most strategic decisions for their team. During

4420-435: The tactical level. In professional football, the role of the coach or trainer is focused on the training and development of a club's first team. This means that the head coach is responsible for the first team strategy, development, training session schedule and player development. The head coach is accompanied by one or more assistant coaches, and is also assisted by medical staff and athletic trainers . A first team coach at

4488-597: The top 10    Seeded 10–4    Seeded no. 3    Seeded no. 2    Seeded no. 1 Bhupathi has donned Indian colours numerous times for the Davis Cup as well as other international tournaments, including the Asian Games . Bhupathi has played 55 matches for India in the Davis Cup (from 1995 to 2011), winning 35 and losing 20. Out of the 35 matches that he won, 27 of his victories came in doubles matches. In 2006, Bhupathi won

4556-487: Was important but not everything when being an effective coach. Traditionally coaching expertise or effectiveness has been measured by win–loss percentage, satisfaction of players, or years of coaching experience, but like in teacher expertise those metrics are highly ambiguous. Coaching expertise or effectiveness describes good coaching, which looks at coaching behaviour, dispositions, education , experience, and knowledge. A widely used definition of effective coaching

4624-566: Was in the 1970s. On 21 January 2014, IPTL announced the locations of the six charter franchises for the league's inaugural season. Five franchises would play their home matches in Bangkok , Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur , Mumbai and Singapore . A sixth franchise would play its home matches in an undisclosed city in the Middle East. There was confusion surrounding the announcement. Some media outlets reported that there would be five franchises, not six as had been previously announced, and did not include

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