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52-404: (Redirected from International Railway ) The following railroads have been called International Railroad or International Railway : International Railway of Maine International Railway (New York – Ontario) International Railway (Quebec) International Railroad (Texas) International Railway (New Brunswick) Topics referred to by

104-525: A JDI subsidiary, Eastern Maine Railway . West of Brownville to Montreal, the route was purchased by Iron Road Railways , the corporate owner of the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad. The bankruptcy of Iron Road in the early 2000s saw the western part of the system taken over by the newly organized Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway (which filed for bankruptcy protection in August 2013), while JDI continues at

156-665: A cruise around the world in the hope that it would restore his health, but he died soon after returning to Montreal. After retiring from engineering and active investment, Ross sat on the boards of numerous companies, including the Bank of Montreal and the Royal Trust Company . He was a member of both the American and the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers , and he was appointed honorary Lieutenant-Colonel of

208-640: A line running directly from Megantic to a point on the E&;NA (then leased by the Maine Central) at Mattawamkeag. This portion of new railway would cross the International Boundary between Megantic, Quebec and Jackman, Maine , thus the CPR organized two separate companies: Construction under Chief Engineer James Ross began in 1886–1887 and proceeded in both directions from various points on

260-684: A long contract dispute between the two for the supply of high-grade coal at a disadvantageous price, which resulted in a case review at the High Court of Justice in London, England. Although fault was found on both sides, the contract was found to be legal. Ross resigned from both boards, thus allowing a later merger between the two companies. In 1892, architect Bruce Price completed a French château-style mansion for Ross at 3644 Peel Street in Montreal's Golden Square Mile . Between 1897 and 1912,

312-486: A new subsidiary called the Canadian Atlantic Railway (CAR). The CAR experiment was short-lived as its lines were still losing money, despite abandoning many of its small rural branch lines in western New Brunswick and northern Maine. CPR applied in 1993 to abandon the mainline from Montreal to Saint John but was refused by government regulators. In 1994 it applied again for abandonment and permission

364-483: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages International Railway of Maine The CPR completed its route from Montreal , Quebec, to Vancouver , British Columbia , in 1885. In the decades prior to the use of ice-breaking ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River , the port of Montreal was closed from December to May, limiting any advantage that

416-749: The 17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars and Governor of McGill University and the Royal Victoria Hospital . He was an avid collector of the Old Masters and president of the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts . He owned several yachts including two named Glencairn and became the first Canadian to be made a member of the Royal Yacht Squadron . He funded the construction of the Ross Memorial Wing at

468-863: The 17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars . He was a Trustee of Bishop's College School , Governor of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal , and of McGill University , donating generously to all institutions. Ross was a member of several clubs not already mentioned, including the Constitutional Club in London, the Manhattan Club in New York City, and the Montreal Hunt , Jockey, Royal Golf and Racquet Clubs. Throughout his lifetime, and in his will, Ross made numerous donations to various charitable and cultural institutions. In memory of his parents, at Lindsay, Ontario , he built

520-762: The Canadian Pacific Railway , of which he was the major shareholder , and advising Lord Strathcona on railway projects in Argentina and Chile. He oversaw the electrification of street railways in Montreal , Toronto , Winnipeg , Saint John , Birmingham (England), Mexico City and São Paulo . He was president of the Dominion Bridge Company , the Mexican Power Company etc. He was Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel of

572-633: The City of Birmingham Tramways Company Ltd in England, reorganising and electrifying that. Mackenzie then looked for other opportunities in South America, resulting in similar projects in Mexico City and the highly profitable São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company , whose holding company later acted as a holding company for all of the team's Canadian and global street car investments. As

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624-609: The Glencairn , which won the coveted and prestigious Seawanhaka Corinthian Cup for half-raters in American waters, 1896. However, his most famous yacht was the Liberty , purchased in 1912 from the deceased newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer . The yacht (which he renamed Glencairn after his previous vessel) required a staff of sixty-five and had a full auditorium , numerous state rooms , and first-class dining rooms. He undertook

676-720: The Lake of the Woods Milling Company , which bought and processed grain. In 1889, Ross became first president of the Columbia River Lumber Company , which provided timber for railways and housing projects. After moving to Montreal in 1888, in partnership with William Mackenzie, he oversaw the electrification of street railways in Montreal , Saint John , the Toronto Street Railway and Winnipeg Transit . They later took over

728-471: The Ontario and Quebec Railway , during which time he came into contact with three ambitious young men, namely William Mackenzie , Donald Mann and Herbert S. Holt . After slow progress was being made in connecting the Canadian Pacific Railway west of Winnipeg , in 1883 under new CEO William Cornelius Van Horne , the company formed the wholly-owned North American Railway Contracting Company (NARCC). With

780-751: The Ross Memorial Hospital and a Nurse's Home. During his lifetime he had donated generously to the Alexandra Hospital and the Royal Victoria Hospital , both in Montreal . In his will, he directed his son, J.K.L. Ross , to continue his support of the Royal Vic, by way of which his son gave $ 1 million to construct the Ross Memorial Pavilion in 1915. He also built the Protestant Hospital for

832-851: The Royal Vic ; the Ross Memorial Hospital and Nurse's Home at Lindsay, Ontario ; and the Protestant Hospital for the Insane at Verdun, Quebec . He lived in the Golden Square Mile . Ross was born in 1848 at Cromarty , Scotland. He was the eldest son of Captain John R. Ross (d. 1889), a merchant and shipowner , and his wife Mary B. McKeddie (1826–1896), daughter of Captain McKeddie of Newcastle-on-Tyne . Ross

884-664: The Selkirks and the Gold Range . Completing the project a year ahead of time, Van Horne commented at the opening of the line that Ross's record meant millions to the Canadian Pacific Railway. In achieving this, Ross stuck up a lifelong friendship with Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal , who drove "The Last Spike" . In 1886, Ross was appointed manager of construction for the Ontario and Quebec Railway , filling in gaps to allow full access into

936-630: The Wisconsin Central Railway and then the Lake Ontario Shore Railroad . On Lake Ontario, Ross came into contact with George Laidlaw and several other well-connected railway promoters, who persuaded him to come to Canada. He was appointed chief engineer of Laidlaw's Victoria Railway , and in 1879, he built the Credit Valley Railway . Ross was then appointed as acting consulting engineer for

988-573: The Beauce River valley. The north-south oriented Bangor and Aroostook Railroad created an interchange with CPR at Brownville Junction, Maine , and had an earlier interchange where Bangor and Aroostook predecessor Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad reached the south end of Moosehead Lake at Greenville Junction . Bangor and Aroostook dismantled the Greenville branch in 1961. In addition to interchanging with CPR at Vanceboro and Mattawamkeag,

1040-462: The CPR line became infamous for being the sabotage target of a German army officer. The United States was still a neutral country at that point and CPR was not permitted to transport war material and troops across US soil on the way to Saint John; most war goods for Canada's war effort were transported entirely in Canada on the government-owned Intercolonial Railway route instead. However Imperial Germany

1092-699: The CPR mainline, the company completed early work on the Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Railway , and constructed both the Regina and Long Lake Railway and the Calgary and Edmonton Railway . The partners also negotiated the incorporation of several land development companies, including the Calgary and Edmonton Land Company and the Canada Land and Investment Company . In a later 1887 partnership with George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen and Van Horne, they established

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1144-774: The CPR's Montreal to Windsor line, and onwards to the Michigan Central Railroad . Ross then negotiated the entry of the CPR into the American state of Maine , building the International Railway of Maine east from Montreal into an Atlantic Ocean terminal in Bangor , with an extension to Saint John. Ross then completed extensions of the CPR west of the Rockies to enable full access to the Pacific. At

1196-580: The Insane at Verdun, Quebec , of which he became a Governor. Ross was a generous donor to McGill University , and he made several donations of $ 25,000 during his lifetime to the Montreal Art Association and towards the building of the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in 1912. In his will, he left the Art Association a further $ 100,000 and much of his collection of Old Masters . In 1872, Ross had married Annie Kerr (1847–1915),

1248-540: The International Railway of Maine existing on paper for operating purposes, however the track and all operations became seamless in the CPR system. The Quebec Central Railway anticipated that the new CPR main line across Maine to its winter port of Saint John would result in traffic to Quebec City , thus the QCR built a line from the CPR at Megantic north to Tring Junction and thence on to Vallee Junction in

1300-554: The International of Maine Division was extremely heavy and the railway was well-used. The 201 mile section of railway across the state of Maine was operated directly by CPR from 1889 to 1988. The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1958 and the provision of icebreaking services for the port of Montreal by the new Canadian Coast Guard after the 1960s saw the importance of a winter port at Saint John diminish. During World War I,

1352-677: The Maine Central had an interchange with the CPR from 1906 to 1933 west of Greenville Junction where the Kineo branch crossed at Somerset Junction en route to Kineo Station connections with steamboats serving the Mount Kineo House. Two logging railroads also interchanged with the International of Maine Division. There was an interchange at Jackman with Jackman Lumber Company's Bald Mountain Railroad from 1915 to 1926, and with

1404-607: The Maine–New Brunswick border was purchased by New Brunswick Southern Railway , a subsidiary of J. D. Irving Limited , an industrial conglomerate and major traffic source in Saint John. The section from the Maine-New Brunswick border west to Mattawamkeag (where it interchanges with Guilford Rail System ) and on to Brownville Junction (where it interchanges with Bangor and Aroostook Railroad) was also sold to

1456-498: The Maxwell brothers ( Edward and William Maxwell ) expanded the house, adding an art gallery among other rooms. Ross' only child, Jack Ross , had a house built for himself across the road at 3647 Peel Street, which was designed by the Maxwell brothers and completed in 1910. However, after the death of his parents, he moved back to his childhood home. He hired the firm of Trowbridge & Livingston , again expanding and remodeling

1508-653: The McGill Faculty of Law unveiled a plaque commemorating Ross. The plaque is located near the main entrance of Old Chancellor Day Hall. Ross had a passion for art and became a significant collector. At the time of his death, he had amassed one of the largest and finest collections of Old Masters on the North American continent. Through this passion, Ross became president of the Montreal Art Association , leaving much of his collection to

1560-608: The Ray Lumber Company (later Indian Lake Lumber Company) railroad at Ray Siding near Caribou Stream in Bowerbank Township from 1912 to 1929. The new route was served by CPR's passenger rail service between Windsor Station in Montreal and Union Station in Saint John, where passengers could continue on the Intercolonial Railway to Moncton and Halifax. Until the early 1960s, traffic on

1612-489: The bridge. He was arrested and then jailed by the United States before eventually being extradited and jailed in Canada. A year after the armistice, 23 died in an Onawa train wreck when a freight train collided head on with the third of four passenger trains carrying immigrants recently arrived on a liner from Europe. The crew of the 26-car freight train became confused about the number of trains required to carry all

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1664-577: The brief to meet up with the team driving east from the Pacific Ocean under Andrew Onderdonk , Ross was appointed general manager and chief engineer of the NARCC, and he immediately employed the services of Mackenzie, Mann, and Holt. Starting at Swift Current , they built 623 miles (1,003 km) of railway to Craigellachie, British Columbia , by 7 November 1885, over the Rocky Mountains ,

1716-811: The drive of Ross, vice-president James Pawley Dawes led the development via joint-venture with the St Lawrence Bridge Company to construct the Quebec Bridge . Ross saw the great need for steel, and formed a syndicate to buy the Dominion Coal Company . Investing in further shares independently, Ross built up such a huge stake in Dominion Coal that he was invited to join the board of the Dominion Iron and Steel Company . However, his influence could not resolve

1768-419: The eastern end of the route. Fortress Investment Group purchased the trackage owned by the Montreal Maine and Atlantic out of bankruptcy. This includes the portion of the International Railway of Maine from Brownville Junction to the west. Operations began in 2014 as the Central Maine and Quebec Railway. As of June 4, 2020, Canadian Pacific has purchased the entire Central Maine and Quebec Railway and has begun

1820-419: The eldest daughter of John W. Kerr (1824–1904), of Kingston, New York , and his wife Eliza Davis (1824-1899). His father-in-law was a prominent politician with the Democratic Party and formerly the Sheriff of Ulster County, New York . The Rosses were the parents of one son, John Kenneth Leveson Ross . In 1902, he married Ethel Matthews, daughter of Wilmot Deloui Matthews (1850–1919) of Toronto . They were

1872-428: The family mansion. After Jack Ross was declared bankrupt in 1928, the mansion was purchased in 1948 by businessman J.W. McConnell . He then donated it to McGill University , and the building was renamed Chancellor Day Hall (now called Old Chancellor Day Hall). It has been used since that time by the McGill University Faculty of Law . In December 2017, representatives of the Clan Ross Association of Canada and members of

1924-421: The museum on his death. Ross' father had been a shipowner, and Ross too had become a keen sailor after settling in Montreal in 1888. He was made honorary Commodore of the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club . He was a member of the New York Yacht Club and the first Canadian member of the Royal Yacht Squadron and the Royal Thames Yacht Club , both in England. He owned several yachts during his lifetime, including

1976-500: The partners recognised the need for clean electricity, they each became involved in local hydro electric projects. Ross through investment became first president of the Mexican Power Company, which developed a hydro electric dam at Necaxa to provide electricity for Mexico City. In 1890, Ross replaced Job Abbott as president of Dominion Bridge Company , a major contractor to the CPR for replacing wooden bridges with stronger and lower-maintenance steel replacements. Although credited to

2028-571: The passengers. All were operating as sections of a single regularly scheduled passenger train, but the last was 8 hours late. In 1955, CPR created a limited stop express passenger train named The Atlantic Limited . This daily train operated overnight from Montreal to Saint John and vice versa, with full service diner, observation and coach/sleeper cars. Government investment in the 1970s for an intermodal container terminal and various improvements at Saint John resulted in some freight traffic increases and CPR invested in infrastructure improvements over

2080-460: The process of integrating the former CM&Q lines. This includes the former Bangor and Aroostook lines owned by the Central Maine and Quebec which had no prior ties to Canadian Pacific. James Ross (Canadian businessman) James Leveson Ross (1848 – 20 September 1913), of Montreal , was a Scottish-born Canadian civil engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He established his fortune predominantly through railway construction, notably for

2132-399: The railway might have over its competitors. CPR's primary Canadian competitor, the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR), managed to avoid the winter ice problems in Montreal by using the ice-free port of Portland , Maine, accessed by a route constructed by the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad which the GTR had purchased in the mid-1850s. The Delaware and Hudson Railway ran a feeder route down

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2184-419: The route, however by the 1980s, it was in severe decline as changes in shipping patterns and cargo logistics saw CPR make less and less return on the line. In 1978, Via Rail Canada took over operation of CPR passenger services and The Atlantic Limited was changed to become the Atlantic and service was extended east from Saint John to Halifax. Passenger traffic increased but government cutbacks in 1981 saw

2236-425: The route. The new line opened in June 1889 and CPR obtained trackage rights over the Maine Central from Mattawamkeag to Vanceboro, and purchased the New Brunswick Railway to acquire control of the route from Vanceboro to Saint John, as well as a branch line network in western New Brunswick and northern Maine. The new CPR line across Maine to Saint John was the last link in creating a transcontinental railway, although

2288-441: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title International Railroad . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Railroad&oldid=1137625972 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2340-474: The section from Mattawamkeag to Vanceboro was operated under trackage rights. In 1955, the Maine Central purchased the E&NA shares for approximately $ 3 million USD and in 1974, CPR purchased the Mattawamkeag-Vanceboro portion from the Maine Central, finally securing ownership and operation of its entire transcontinental network. The CPR operated its new line across Maine as its International of Maine Division ( Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine ) for many years;

2392-483: The time of his death, he was still a director of the CPR and was said to have been the company's largest shareholder . Having completed his work at the CPR, he advised both Lord Strathcona and William Mackenzie on railway contracts in South America, netting US$ 20 million alone for consulting work in Argentina and Chile . He also formed a railway consulting and contracting company with Mackenzie, Mann and Holt, with: Advising on and constructing feeder lines north from

2444-414: The train discontinued, removing passenger service from the Montreal-Saint John route for the first time since the route opened in 1889. The Atlantic was restored in 1985 and remained in daily service until 1990 and then tri-weekly service thereafter. In 1988, CPR organized all its lines east of Montreal into Maine and the Maritimes (including its Dominion Atlantic Railway subsidiary in Nova Scotia) under

2496-409: The valleys of Lake Champlain and the Hudson River to New York City. The Maine Central Railroad operated an arduous route over the White Mountains from St. Johnsbury, Vermont , to Portland. Looking 350 miles directly east from Montreal however, CPR surveyors saw the Canadian port of Saint John, New Brunswick, was underutilized and Saint John was accessible by a route across northern Maine which

2548-402: Was convinced that CPR's route across Maine was being used for the war effort and sought to destroy the Saint Croix–Vanceboro Railway Bridge over the St. Croix River between Vanceboro, Maine , and St. Croix, New Brunswick . The officer travelled to Vanceboro on a Maine Central passenger train and stayed several nights in the local hotel, then laid explosives which detonated but did not destroy

2600-464: Was educated at Inverness Royal Academy and afterwards trained as a civil engineer in England. He worked for a while in a railway, harbour and water works before coming to the United States in 1868 to apply his talents to the rapidly expanding North American railway industry. In 1870, he was appointed engineer, then chief engineer, of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad . After marrying in 1872 (see notes below on his family), Ross became chief engineer of

2652-422: Was granted for the end of that year. Shippers and communities along the route were upset and urged CPR to sell the line, which it finally did in sections on January 1, 1995. In advance of the pending abandonment and later sale of the line, Via Rail discontinued passenger service with the Atlantic on December 17, 1994, and the line has not had dedicated passenger service since then. The section from Saint John to

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2704-400: Was less mountainous than other options for reaching the Atlantic coast. Some sections of a direct railway route between Montreal and Saint John already existed in the 1880s: A roughly 100 mile / 160 km gap between Mattawamkeag and Megantic required new construction to complete the Montreal-Saint John direct route. The CPR acquired the International Railway in the mid-1880s and surveyed

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