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78-567: The Interstate Bridge (also Columbia River Interstate Bridge , I-5 Bridge , Portland-Vancouver Interstate Bridge , Vancouver-Portland Bridge ) is a pair of nearly identical steel vertical-lift , Parker through- truss bridges that carry Interstate 5 traffic over the Columbia River between Vancouver , Washington and Portland , Oregon in the United States . The present-day northbound bridge opened to traffic in 1917 as

156-498: A 2 km (1.2 mi) dual-gauge cross-border track was rebuilt between Khasan , Russia, and Rajin , North Korea; its gauges were the Russian 1520 mm ( 4 ft  11 + 27 ⁄ 32  in ) and Korean 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ). Similar arrangements exist on the approach to Kaliningrad , where 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) track extends from

234-438: A dual-gauge line was installed between Acacia Ridge and Bromelton to serve a new freight hub at Bromelton. The 1700 kilometres (1100 miles) long Inland Railway , under construction in 2022, will have about 300 kilometres (190 miles) of dual gauge. [REDACTED] The Bangladesh Railway uses three rails to avoid breaks of gauge between its broad-gauge and metre-gauge lines. The Jamuna Bridge and Padma Bridge , which link

312-694: A joint line of the Deli Railway and the Atjeh Tram . Some sugar mill railways in Java have dual-gauge sections. [REDACTED] Ireland's Ulster Railway underwent a gauge conversion from 1880mm to the new Irish standard of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ). The Dublin & Drogheda Railway underwent a gauge conversion because the gauges were too close to allow a dual-gauge line. [REDACTED] The Potenza – Avigliano Lucania line in Italy

390-444: A rail yard and triple-gauge track is needed to meet the operational needs of the break-of-gauge station – most commonly where there is insufficient space to do otherwise. Construction and operation of triple-gauge track and its signalling, however, involves immense cost and disruption, and is undertaken when no other alternative is available. The following table shows localities where triple gauge has been necessary. Three gauges are

468-702: A replacement (especially a fixed-span bridge) is complicated by the existence of a railroad drawbridge crossing the Columbia a short distance downriver (on the Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge 9.6 ), which constrains the location of the shipping channel ; and by approach paths to Portland International Airport in Portland and to Pearson Field in Vancouver, which limit the height of any new structure. Some have proposed replacing

546-489: A result of longstanding interstate rivalries: three different gauges had persisted since the 1850s and the five mainland state capitals were not linked by standard gauge until 1995. Huge costs and long delays were imposed by trans-shipment of freight at break-of-gauge stations, whether manually, by gantry crane or by wheelset or bogie exchange. During World War II , breaks of gauge in Australia added immense difficulty to

624-588: A short length of dual-gauge track is only needed within the facility. A benefit is that the contents of fully loaded cars are not disturbed. The scheme was first adopted on the French–Spanish border and in Poland. It introduces delay into transit times compared with dual-gauge operation, but is much quicker than trans-shipping: when introduced in 1962 in Melbourne, Australia, on the route between Sydney and Adelaide,

702-524: A signalling error. The standard gauge train had been switched on to the narrow gauge track. [REDACTED] The Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme in France is dual gauge between Noyelles-sur-Mer and Saint-Valery-sur-Somme . The line has four rails with metre gauge laid within standard gauge. There are some dual-gauge (standard and Iberian) sidings at Cerbère on the Spanish border. [REDACTED] In

780-488: A single bridge carrying two-way traffic. A second twin bridge, which carries southbound traffic, opened in 1958. The twin bridges are each over 3,500 feet (1,067 m) long and carry three lanes of traffic. The bridges handle a combined 130,000 vehicles daily. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, as the "Portland–Vancouver Highway Bridge". Since 2005, several proposals for replacing

858-402: A three-rail dual-gauge system was proposed in order to avoid a break of gauge. However, designing turnouts was considered to be difficult due to the difference of only 165 millimetres (6.5 inches) between the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and the 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) broad gauge. After twenty years, the proposal was abandoned. Much later,

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936-629: A three-rail layout. In 1991, the interurban trams went out of service and then the network used only standard-gauge track. [REDACTED] The Sofia tramway uses a mixture of narrow and standard gauge. A 2.6 km (1.6 mi) section of track between Krasna polyana depot and Pirotska street is dual-gauge shared by 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) route 22 and 1009 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 23 ⁄ 32  in ) route 11. [REDACTED] The new port of Kribi may serve 1000mm gauge bauxite traffic as well as 1435mm gauge iron ore traffic. [REDACTED] In

1014-514: A total of 13 steel spans, with three measuring 275 feet (84 m) in length and the remaining ten spans 265 ft (81 m) each. Piers sit atop pile caps on wooden pilings approximately 70 feet deep. One of the 275-foot (84 m) spans is the lift span for allowing river traffic under the bridge. The lift span is capable of moving 136 ft (41 m) vertically, and provides 176 ft (53.6 m) of clearance below when fully raised. The towers are 190 ft (57.9 m) tall, above

1092-407: A train of empty wagons has to be brought to the break of gauge from the other side to fetch the cargo. Congestion is also caused by unloading and reloading. The problem is worsened when there is a disparity between the capacity of locomotives and vehicles on the two gauges: typically, one broad-gauge trainload needs three narrow-gauge trains to carry. Constructing dual-gauge track with three rails

1170-555: A twinned span west of the original bridge was chosen in September 1950 by Oregon and Washington. The proposed reinstatement of the toll led to a lawsuit that was heard by the Washington Supreme Court in September 1953 and decided in the states' favor. In 1958, a $ 14.5 million ($ 153.1 million in 2023 dollars) project created a second, almost identical span and doubled the capacity of the bridge. The new bridge

1248-409: Is a dual gauge rail with 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 950 mm ( 3 ft  1 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) tracks. [REDACTED] In Japan, the national standard is 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow gauge. Dual gauge is used where the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Shinkansen (bullet train) lines join

1326-430: Is available, are termed " gauntlet track" (US: "gantlet track") . Four rails must be placed identically on either side of the central axis of dual-gauge turntables (and six rails on triple-gauge turntables) so that they match the configuration of the fixed rails leading to and from the turntable, regardless of the direction in which the turntable is facing. In rare situations, three different gauges may converge on to

1404-482: Is described as dual gauge – achieved either by addition of a third rail, if it will fit, or by two additional rails. Dual-gauge tracks are more expensive to configure with signals and sidings, and to maintain, than two separate single-gauge tracks. It is therefore usual to build dual-gauge or other multi-gauge tracks only when necessitated by lack of space or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or passenger stations. Dual-gauge tracks are by far

1482-400: Is granted right of way at the bridge by federal law (33 CFR 117.869). In 2006, the six total lanes of the bridges carried 130,000 vehicles daily. Full traffic capacity occurs four hours every day. The Interstate Bridge's name is a simple descriptive one based on its location, as a bridge connecting two states. In 1917, the new bridge gave its name to a Portland arterial street. Shortly before

1560-421: Is in the range 145 millimetres (5.7 inches) to 200 millimetres (7.9 inches). In some places, the dimensions of two gauges needing to be collocated are too close to allow a three-rail configuration – for example: In such cases, four rails are needed to provide the dual gauge. Four rails might also be installed because of other engineering or operational factors, even though three rails would suffice: an example

1638-514: Is on the Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme (Somme Bay railway), which combines standard and metre gauge – 435 millimetres (17.1 inches) different, well within the parameters for three rails. Four rails are necessary where the centre-line of rail vehicles on both tracks must be closely aligned with the centre-line of the track in tunnels or other constricted locations. Such configurations, when they revert back to standard parallel lines as soon as room

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1716-402: Is possible when the two adjacent rails can be separated at the base by at least the space required by rail fastening hardware such as spikes and or rail clips – typically 40 millimetres (1.6 inches). If the two gauges are closer than that, four rails must be used. Depending on the rail fasteners used and the weight of rails (heavy rails are bigger), the practicable difference between the two gauges

1794-1514: Is the rollbock (Rollböcke in German), used under two-axle standard-gauge vehicles: each wheelset is carried on a small four-wheeled narrow-gauge trolley. The entire train is converted in minutes at a slow walking pace, each rollbock being automatically matched to its wheelset from underneath. A further variant is " train on train ", in which an entire narrow-gauge train is carried on standard-gauge flatcars on which continuous rail has been fitted. Differences in gauge are also accommodated by gauge-adjustable wheelsets , which as of 2022 were installed under some passenger vehicles on international links between Spain and France, Sweden and Finland, Poland and Lithuania, and Poland and Ukraine. In Spain, change-over facilities are extensive, since although 1668 millimetres (65.7 inches) track predominates, and high-speed lines are laid to 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge, there are many lines with narrower gauges (1000 millimetres (39 inches) and others). [REDACTED] In Victoria , there are sections of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track between Southern Cross station and West Footscray , Sunshine and Newport , Albion and Jacana , North Geelong and Gheringhap , Maryborough and Dunolly , and in various goods yards and industrial sidings. Until 2008, there

1872-472: Is unspecified, with discussions about the inclusion of light rail, lane configurations, and investigating a third crossing all under consideration. Former Michigan Department of Transportation deputy director Greg Johnson was appointed as the bridge program administrator in June 2020. Several alternative ideas have been proposed, including an immersed tube tunnel , a third bridge, and a bascule bridge favored by

1950-431: Is very often associated with a break-of-gauge station, where rail vehicles or vehicle contents are transferred from one gauge to another. A break of gauge causes delay and increases congestion, especially on single-track lines. Essentially, two trains are required to do what a single train would normally accomplish. When traffic passes mainly in one direction, full wagons taken to the border have to be returned as empties, and

2028-659: The 600 mm ( 1 ft  11 + 5 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trains of the Pelion railway . [REDACTED] In 1899, in the Dutch East Indies , dual gauge track was installed between Yogyakarta and Solo . The track was owned by the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij , a private company, which in 1867 had built the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge line. The third rail

2106-542: The Czech Republic , there is 2 km of dual gauge 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 760 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 15 ⁄ 16  in ) track near Jindřichův Hradec . In 1985, its original four rails were converted to three rails. In 2004, in Jindřichův Hradec at a switch where a dual gauge railway bifurcates, a Junák express from Plzeň to Brno derailed due to

2184-552: The Netherlands were constructed with a track gauge of 1945 mm ( 6 ft  4 + 9 ⁄ 16  in ). For the 1939 centennial celebration, an exact replica of the country's first locomotive "De Arend" was built using the original blueprints. Since 1953, the locomotive is housed at the Dutch National Railway Museum , where in recent years, a dual-gauge track has been constructed in

2262-583: The Port of Portland , and the Port of Vancouver USA . The Joint Oregon-Washington Legislative Action Committee was formed by the Washington legislature in 2017 to study a bridge replacement, but initially had no Oregon representation for a year. The new committee was formed to prevent $ 140 million in federal funding allocated for the CRC from being recalled after a deadline, which was extended to 2025. In April 2019,

2340-557: The Ruhr and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge tracks on lines north of the Ruhr. The north lines closed in the 1960s and 1970s. Duisburg's three routes were converted to 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track. [REDACTED] Ghana is converting its narrow gauge to standard gauge, and is installing dual-gauge sleepers as an intermediate stage. [REDACTED] In Greece,

2418-554: The South Australian Railways successfully adopted dual-gauge turnouts . In Western Australia , 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) of double-track dual-gauge extends for 120 km (75 mi) of the main line from East Perth to Northam . Dual-gauge track is also used from the triangle at Woodbridge to Cockburn Junction , then to Kwinana on one branch and North Fremantle on

Interstate Bridge - Misplaced Pages Continue

2496-462: The bascule and swing-span bridges . Generally speaking, they cost less to build for longer moveable spans. The counterweights in a vertical lift are only required to be equal to the weight of the deck, whereas bascule bridge counterweights must weigh several times as much as the span being lifted. As a result, heavier materials can be used in the deck, and so this type of bridge is especially suited for heavy railroad use. The biggest disadvantage to

2574-614: The 1970s, the Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen tram lines underwent a gauge conversion from 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge to standard gauge. This was part of an upgrade to the Stuttgart Stadtbahn . In 1981, 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) dual-gauge track was constructed so that new DT-8 Stadtbahn cars and old trams could share

2652-422: The CRC project was canceled, after the Washington state legislature declined to authorize funding for the project. The Interstate Bridge Replacement Program, a joint effort between ODOT , WSDOT , Federal Highway Administration , Federal Transit Administration , Metro, Southwest Washington Regional Transportation Council, the cities of Portland and Vancouver, the Port of Portland , and the Port of Vancouver USA ,

2730-880: The Columbia, and air pollution in North Portland. In 2008, the Environmental Protection Agency found that the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the CRC had failed to adequately cover these issues, as well as the potential induced demand for suburban sprawl. In a letter to CRC planners, the EPA wrote that "There was no indication (in the CRC environmental impact statement) of how these vulnerable populations might be impacted by air pollution, noise, diesel construction vehicles and increased traffic", referring to minority communities in North Portland. In June 2013,

2808-789: The Port of Brisbane utilise the dual gauge Fisherman Islands line that runs parallel to the Cleveland railway line from Park Road to Lindum . Passenger trains use the dual-gauge section of the Beenleigh railway line running parallel to the electric suburban narrow gauge of the Queensland Rail city network over the Merivale Bridge into platforms 2 and 3 at Roma Street Station . This is used by standard gauge interstate New South Wales TrainLink XPT services to Sydney . In 2012,

2886-409: The U.S. Coast Guard, but have been rejected for their drawbacks and cost. As of December 2022, the project is estimated to cost $ 5.5 billion to $ 7.5 billion. The locally preferred alternative selected in 2022 is an eight-lane bridge with a light rail guideway on the west side and several modified interchanges. The U.S. Coast Guard requested an alternative design with a drawbridge to preserve

2964-488: The Washington Legislature voted against further funding of the CRC. On June 29, Oregon Governor Kitzhaber directed the CRC to shut down operations. The relaunched Interstate Bridge Replacement Program is a joint effort between ODOT , WSDOT , Federal Highway Administration , Federal Transit Administration , Metro, Southwest Washington Regional Transportation Council, the cities of Portland and Vancouver,

3042-549: The Washington legislature approved $ 17.5 million to establish a project office to conduct pre-design and planning work, which was followed by a matching contribution from the Oregon Transportation Commission in August. A new timeline for the project, with the start of environmental review in 2020 and construction by 2025, was approved by the joint committee in late 2019. The replacement bridge's design

3120-483: The bridge have been produced and debated. The bridge is considered responsible for traffic congestion of both road and river vehicles. Plans for a replacement bridge, known as the Columbia River Crossing (CRC) project, estimated to cost at least $ 3.4 billion, had come together by 2012 after many delays, but were very controversial, with both strong support and strong opposition. In late June 2013,

3198-551: The bridge in a different location. There were originally 12 transportation plans that were being studied to improve and expand the Interstate 5 crossing of the Columbia River. In late 2006, four of these plans were selected for a final proposal, along with a fifth no-build option. The Columbia River Crossing project's six local partner agencies selected a replacement I-5 bridge and light rail extension to Clark College as

Interstate Bridge - Misplaced Pages Continue

3276-403: The bridge opened, a pair of streets through North Portland that were planned to be treated as the main route to and from the bridge, Maryland Avenue and Patton Avenue, were renamed Interstate Avenue. The bridge is frequently a bottleneck which impacts both traffic on the freeway, as well as on the river. The Oregon and Washington transportation departments are jointly studying how to replace

3354-484: The bridge, Portland had had a Vancouver streetcar line since 1893, but it ran to Hayden Island , where passengers transferred to a ferry owned by the street railway company to continue across the river to Vancouver. Streetcar service across the Interstate Bridge ended on September 3, 1940. The bridge became part of then-new Interstate 5 in 1957. It was previously part of U.S. Route 99 when that route

3432-401: The bridge. Both spans have been rated as " functionally obsolete ," with sufficiency ratings of 18.3% and 49.4% for the original and second spans, respectively. Initially, the estimated cost for a replacement bridge was around $ 2 billion, but that number has climbed steadily to around $ 3.4 billion. An independent study in 2010 estimated the full cost to be closer to $ 10 billion. Design of

3510-470: The clearance for river traffic, which would be lowered by 60 feet (18 m) if the locally preferred alternative was built. Construction is scheduled to begin in late 2025 or early 2026. Tolls will be implemented on the Oregon side of the existing bridge to help fund the new bridge as it is being built. Vertical-lift bridge The vertical lift offers several benefits over other movable bridges such as

3588-545: The east–west and north–south rail systems respectively, have four-rail dual-gauge tracks. Of the 2,875 kilometres (1,786 mi) Bangladesh Railway system, about 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) has four-rail dual-gauge. [REDACTED] Tram tracks in Brussels once combined 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) metre gauge lines for inter-urban trams and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) lines for urban trams in

3666-477: The final alternative doesn’t have a light rail component, I will not support it. In December 2007, Oregon governor Ted Kulongoski advocated for a new bridge, publicly endorsing the Oregon Business Plan's proposal. In 2008, as fuel prices increased and project cost estimates soared, many in the area began questioning whether the project is worth the costs. In addition, many on the Portland side of

3744-427: The freight handling time per train dropped from five days to less than two. The process involved disconnecting the brake rigging and bogie centre pins have to be disconnected before the vehicle is lifted and new bogies are wheeled underneath. In Europe, a similar principle embodies low-profile, small-wheeled transporter wagons , which carry vehicles built for one gauge on a line with a different gauge. A variant

3822-595: The line between Athens and Elefsis (now closed) was dual gauge in order to allow the 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trains of the Peloponnese rail network to pass. It also allowed standard gauge trains to reach the Elefsis shipyards. In Volos , a short section of track between the main station and the harbour used an unusual triple gauge, to accommodate standard gauge trains from Larissa , metre gauge trains from Kalambaka , and

3900-741: The line to Surabaya instead of on the original line via Kedungjati. In 1942 and 1943 in Java , under Japanese military occupation , conversion took place from 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) to 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) on the Brumbung –Kedungjati–Gundih main line and the Kedungjati– Ambarawa branch line. Until the 1970s, a short section of dual gauge 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) line existed in North Sumatra on

3978-626: The lines. At the north end of the route, at the junction with Rheinstraße, the trams reverse. There, the standard gauge line ends, while the metre gauge lines continue. At the Hauptbahnhof, on Oppumer Straße, dual gauge track continues. At the ends of Oppumer Straße, the two tracks diverge. In Mülheim there is a similar situation. The Duisburg tram line 901 meets the local line 102 . The tram system in Duisburg uses 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track while

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4056-842: The main network. For example, part of the Ōu Main Line became part of the Akita Shinkansen and was converted to dual gauge in a limited section. The longest (82.1 km (51.0 mi)) dual gauge section in Japan is near, and in, the Seikan Tunnel . Sections of the Hakone Tozan Line are among a number of other dual-gauge lines. [REDACTED] Mexico previously had 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 914 mm ( 3 ft ) dual gauge track. [REDACTED] The first railway lines in

4134-467: The maximum found on operating railway lines and in railway yards, but some rolling stock manufacturers collocate more than three lines in their works, depending on the particular gauges of their customers. Transfer of freight and passengers between different gauges does not necessarily involve dual-gauge track: there may simply be two tracks that approach either side of a platform without overlapping. In Australia, 13 break-of-gauge stations existed by 1945 as

4212-426: The middle of a "biting-cold" night in 1896 and there formed his pungent view of "the paralysis of intellect that gave that idea birth". In some locations, an alternative to building long lengths of dual-gauge track has been to change the wheels on rolling stock , either by dropping and changing wheelsets from four-wheeled vehicles or exchanging bogies (US: trucks) under eight-wheeled vehicles. With this arrangement,

4290-454: The most common configuration, but triple-gauge tracks have been built in some situations. The rail gauge is the most fundamental specification of a railway. Rail tracks and wheelsets are built within engineering tolerances that allow optimum lateral movement of the wheelsets between the rails. Pairs of rails that become too wide or narrow in gauge will cause derailments, especially if in excess of normal gauge-widening on curves. Given

4368-486: The most successful light-rail systems in the world, the MAX system. There is over $ 5 billion invested in light rail across the river. We can tap into that system at a very minimal cost. We’d be foolish not to. The bi-state Columbia River Crossing initiative is making plans for the future of our community for 50 years and beyond. This project should not happen without integrating light rail that comes into downtown Vancouver. If

4446-473: The network. In 2008, a further gauge conversion was completed. The Stuttgart Straßenbahn Museum operates 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trams on weekends and special occasions. In Krefeld on Ostwall, tram lines are dual gauge so that standard 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Rheinbahn U76 Stadtbahn cars and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trams may share

4524-406: The old one for northbound traffic) and tolls were reinstated at $ 0.20 for cars, $ 0.40 for light trucks, and $ 0.60 for heavy trucks and buses. The tolls were removed in 1966 after the construction expenses were paid off. A $ 3 million ($ 7 million in 2023 dollars) upgrade to the lift cables, expansion joints , and a deck repaving was completed in 1990. The diesel generator used to power the lift

4602-465: The other. The signalling system detects the gauge of the approaching train and puts the signals to stop if the route is set for the wrong gauge. In Queensland , there is a section of 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track between the rail freight yards at Acacia Ridge and Park Road station , which is utilised by both passenger and freight trains. Freight trains to

4680-463: The project's Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA) in 2008. There is also a longstanding debate as to whether or not a new bridge would include a MAX Light Rail line, express buses, or bus rapid transit. During his 2007 "State of the City" address, Vancouver mayor Royce Pollard stated I've said it before, but it bears repeating – Vancouver and Clark County residents have the cheapest buy-in to one of

4758-452: The project's consulting engineers. Construction on the bridge began in March 1915, and the structure opened on February 14, 1917 at a final cost of $ 1.75 million (equivalent to $ 42 million in 2023), which was shared between Clark and Multnomah counties. Clark County paid $ 500,000 and Multnomah County paid $ 1.25 million—probably proportional to population. The first bridge has

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4836-595: The rail yard, allowing for the locomotive to drive back and forth on special occasions. [REDACTED] In Poland, there is 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) of 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , linking Pleszew with a nearby mainline station. It is served by narrow-gauge passenger trains and standard-gauge freight trains. [REDACTED] Between 2008 and 2012,

4914-443: The rails of the narrower gauge lying between those of the broader gauge. In the three-rail configuration, wear and tear of the common rail is greater than with the two other outer rails. In dual gauge lines, turnouts ( railroad switches ) are more complex than in single-gauge track, and trains must be safely signalled on both of the gauges. Track circuits and mechanical interlocking must also operate on both gauges. Multi-gauge track

4992-504: The requirement for gauge to be within very tight limits, when the designed distance between the pair of wheels on a wheelset differs even slightly from that of others on a railway, track must be built to two specific gauges. That is achieved in a variety of ways: most commonly by adding a third rail, more rarely by adding another pair of rails; and rarer still, when three gauges are present, by four rails. Dual-gauge track can consist of three rails, sharing one "common" rail; or four rails, with

5070-412: The river fear that a 12-lane highway bridge to Vancouver, which many also believe has virtually no land use restrictions, will encourage suburban sprawl and development north of the river. Further concerns over the 12-lane "Columbia River Crossing" (CRC) proposal include its failure to examine critical environmental impacts, such as damage to Clark County's drinking water supply, endangered fish habitat in

5148-468: The roadway. The original paved roadway was 38 ft (11.6 m) wide and had a 5 ft (1.52 m) wide sidewalk. It was the first automobile bridge across the river between Washington and Oregon, and the second to span the river at all, after the Wenatchee Bridge of 1908. It was originally a toll bridge costing 5¢ per vehicle or per horse and rider, equivalent to $ 1.19 in 2023. In 1928

5226-526: The states of Washington and Oregon jointly purchased the bridge from the counties and discontinued tolling the following year. The Oregon Department of Transportation became the lead agency responsible for the maintenance and operations of the structure. Electric streetcars operated across the bridge from opening day in 1917 until 1940. The bridge's deck carried dual gauge track, to accommodate both Vancouver's standard gauge cars and Portland's 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) gauge cars. Before

5304-414: The top of the lift towers. See List of vertical-lift bridges . Dual gauge In railway engineering, " gauge " is the transverse distance between the inner surfaces of the heads of two rails, which for the vast majority of railway lines is the number of rails in place. However, it is sometimes necessary for track to carry railway vehicles with wheels matched to two different gauges. Such track

5382-797: The tram route from Witten to Mülheim uses 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge tracks. Two lines share a tunnel section between the Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof and Schloss Broich then diverge at street level. The tram network between Werne to Bad Honnef is large with various operators and gauges. The trams in Wuppertal used 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track on east–west lines and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge track on north–south lines. Trams in Duisburg used 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track on lines south of

5460-422: The vertical-lift bridge (in comparison with many other designs) is the height restriction for vessels passing under it, due to the deck remaining suspended above the passageway. Most vertical-lift bridges use towers, each equipped with counterweights. An example of this kind was built in Portland, Oregon, United States in 1912. Another design uses balance beams to lift the deck, with pivoting bascules located on

5538-517: The war effort by needing extra locomotives and rolling stock, and more than 1600 service personnel and a large pool of civilians, at transfer points for an annual average transfer of about 1.8 million tonnes of freight. To cost and inefficiency was added, in the case of passengers, considerable inconvenience. In 1896, at Albury station on the Sydney–Melbourne railway , famed American writer Samuel Clemens ( Mark Twain ) had to change trains in

5616-534: Was a dual-gauge line between Wodonga and Bandiana . At Albury railway station , New South Wales , a 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge line was in place until 2011. A dual-gauge line was within Tocumwal railway station until 1988, when the standard gauge component was put out of use. In 1900, in South Australia ,

5694-497: Was built with a "humpback" that provides 72 ft (21.9 m) of vertical clearance and minimizes bridge openings. Construction began in summer 1956, and the new, parallel bridge opened to traffic on July 1, 1958. At the time the new bridge was opened, the old one was temporarily closed for rebuilding to give it a matching humpback section. When both bridges were first open concurrently, on January 8, 1960, each bridge became one-way (the new bridge for southbound traffic and

5772-426: Was established in 1926. Plans to address congestion on the first Interstate Bridge, which carried over 30,000 vehicles per day by 1948, were drawn after World War II by highway officials in Oregon. The chief highway engineer, R. H. Baldock, proposed a second span over the Columbia River after it was determined that expanding the existing bridge was not feasible. Several sites were proposed and surveyed, but ultimately

5850-489: Was installed to allow passengers and goods travelling over the 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge Staatsspoorweg (state railway) a direct connection. At a later date, the government constructed new tracks to allow greater capacity and higher speeds. In 1940, a third rail was installed between Solo and Gundih on the line to Semarang , allowing 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge trains to travel between Semarang, Solo and Yogyakarta via Gambringan, on

5928-440: Was relaunched in 2017. Before a permanent crossing existed between Portland and Vancouver, there was an overcrowded ferry system operated by Pacific Railway, Light & Power Co. Plans for the original bridge began as early as 1912, with local efforts leading to an initial survey and bond measures totaling $ 2,000,000; $ 1.5 million contributed from Portland, and $ 500,000 from Vancouver. Waddell & Harrington were retained as

6006-417: Was replaced in 1995 at a cost of $ 150,000. In 1999, the bridge was repainted at a cost of $ 17 million. A $ 10.8 million electrical upgrade was completed in mid-May 2005. The trunnion on the southbound bridge was replaced in 1997, requiring a full shutdown of I-5 for several days; during this period, a temporary commuter train was set up between Portland and Vancouver. The northbound bridge's trunnion

6084-537: Was replaced in 2020 with all traffic carried on the southbound bridge, arranged into two lanes in the peak direction controlled by a zipper machine . The bridge is 3,538 feet (1,078 m) long with a main span of 531 feet (162 m). The vertical lift provides 176 feet (53.6 m) of river clearance when fully opened. Openings last about ten minutes and occur between 20 and 30 times per month, or around 300 per year. Outside peak commuting times (6:30 a.m. to 9 a.m. and from 2:30 p.m. to 6 p.m), marine traffic

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