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46-732: The Indiana State League first began minor league play in 1888. The league began play on May 11, 1888 as an Independent six–team league with members Elkhart, Fort Wayne, Frankfort, Lafayette, Logansport Oilers and Marion. After the season began, the Lafayette, Indiana franchise withdrew on June 12, 1888 to join the Central Interstate League and were replaced by the South Bend Green Stockings . The 1888 Indiana State League folded mid–season, on June 18, 1888. The Logansport Oilers were in first place with

92-771: A World Series and did not believe the Expos "had what it took". In his first season in the American League , Raines hit for a .268 average but with a .359 on-base percentage ; he was second on the team in runs scored as the White Sox finished the season in second place in the American League Western Division . His average improved in 1992 to .294 with a .380 on-base percentage. In 1993 , despite missing nearly six weeks in April and May due to

138-420: A .353 on-base percentage. At the end of the season, Raines entered treatment for substance abuse, having spent an estimated $ 40,000 that year on cocaine. To avoid leaving the drug in his locker, Raines carried it in his hip pocket, and slid headfirst when running the bases. He used cocaine before games, in his car, after games, and on some occasions between innings in the clubhouse. Raines would later testify at

184-517: A .425 slugging percentage . He ended his career with a .987 fielding percentage . Raines stole at least 70 bases in each of his first six full seasons (1981–1986), leading the National League in stolen bases each season from 1981 to 1984, with a career high of 90 steals in 1983. Raines also led the National League in runs scored twice (1983 and 1987). Raines batted over .300 in five full seasons and over .320 from 1985 to 1987, winning

230-532: A 10–3 record when the Indiana State League stopped play in 1888. The Indiana State League expanded and played as an eight–team league in 1890 under league president McCullough. The 1890 member teams were Anderson, Bluffton, Elkhart, Fort Wayne Reds, Kokomo, Marion/Logansport, Muncie and Peru. During the season, Marion relocated to Logansport on July 6, 1890. Elkhart disbanded June 26, 1890 and Bluffton disbanded June 30, 1890. Anderson finished first in

276-470: A consistently high on-base percentage during this period and a rising slugging percentage, reaching a career peak of .429 in 1987. Although he never won a Gold Glove Award , Raines was an excellent defensive player who led the National League with 21 assists in 1983 and, with 4 double plays , tied for the league lead in double plays by an outfielder in 1985. Raines became a free agent on November 12, 1986, but in spite of his league-leading play no team made

322-494: A serious attempt to sign him (in a period when Major League Baseball owners colluded to keep salaries down). On May 1, 1987, hours after being permitted to negotiate again with Montreal, Raines signed a new deal with the Expos for $ 5 million over three years and a $ 900,000 signing bonus. In his first game back, on May 2, facing the Mets, although Raines had not participated in spring training or any other competitive preparation for

368-732: A torn ligament in his thumb he sustained while stealing a base, he managed to hit .306 with 16 home runs as the White Sox won the American League Western Division title. In the 1993 American League Championship Series against the Toronto Blue Jays , Raines posted a .444 batting average and scored five runs in a losing cause. On December 28, 1995, the White Sox traded Raines to the New York Yankees for future considerations; in February 1996,

414-619: Is a professional baseball league in the United States or Canada that is not overseen by Major League Baseball or its affiliated Minor League Baseball system (historically referred to as organized baseball ). Independent leagues have flourished in northeastern states, where dense populations can often support multiple franchises . Because they are not subject to the territorial limitations imposed on affiliated minor-league teams, independent clubs can relocate as close to affiliated teams (and one another) as they choose to. For example,

460-594: Is regarded as one of the best leadoff hitters and baserunners in baseball history. In 2013, Raines began working in the Toronto Blue Jays organization as a roving outfield and baserunning instructor. In 2017 , Raines was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame . Raines was born on September 16, 1959, in Sanford, Florida , to Ned and Florence Raines. He attended Seminole High School in Sanford. Raines

506-617: The All-Star Game as he delivered a game-winning triple in the 13th inning. Raines would, in 1992, be one of dozens of players retroactively awarded collusion damages, receiving over $ 865,000. The Expos traded Raines to the Chicago White Sox on December 20, 1990 , along with Jeff Carter and a player to be named later (PTBNL), later identified as Mario Brito, in exchange for Iván Calderón and Barry Jones . Raines later admitted he left Montreal because he wanted to win

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552-765: The Carolina League and the Quebec -based Provincial League . The Carolina League, based in the North Carolina Piedmont region, gained a reputation as a notorious "outlaw league" during its existence from 1936 to 1938. The Provincial League fielded six teams across Quebec and was independent from 1948 to 1949. Similarly to early 20th-century independent leagues, it joined the National Association in 1950, playing for six more years. Independent leagues saw new growth after 1992, after

598-502: The Class A-Advanced Brevard County Manatees affiliate of the Expos. He was promoted to the major league team in 2004 and was present for the Expos' final games as a Montreal franchise. He was a coach for the White Sox from November 2004 until October 2006. During the 2005 World Series Championship season, Raines served as first base coach. During the 2006 season, he served as bench coach. He

644-662: The Expos/Washington Nationals franchise records for career runs (947) until May 22, 2021, when Ryan Zimmerman scored his 948th run for the franchise. Raines holds the Nationals/Expos franchise records for steals (635), singles (1,163), triples (82) and walks (793), and was the seventh player whose career began after 1945 to retire with over 1,500 runs and 100 triples. His 1,966 games in left field ranked seventh in major league history when he retired. From 1983 to 1987, Total Baseball rated him as one of

690-584: The Oakland Athletics . After a kidney biopsy on July 23, Raines was diagnosed with lupus and spent the rest of the year undergoing treatment and recovery. Raines was signed by the Yankees as a free agent on February 1, 2000 , but was released on March 23. On December 21, Raines was signed by the Expos. At the Expos home opener in 2001, Raines received what he described as the longest and loudest standing ovation in his entire career, resulting in

736-700: The Pittsburgh drug trials in September 1985. In 1983 , Raines stole a career high of 90 bases, the second-highest total in franchise history, and scored 133 runs, a franchise record. He was named Expos Player of the Year in 1983, 1985, and 1986. In each season from 1981 to 1986 , Raines stole at least 70 bases. He had a career-high .334 batting average in 1986, winning the National League Batting Championship . Raines maintained

782-475: The 1986 National League batting title with a .334 average. He also had six full seasons with an on-base percentage above .390. With 808 steals in his career, Raines has the fourth-highest total in major league history, behind Rickey Henderson , Lou Brock and Ty Cobb . Some sources, such as Baseball Reference, also place Raines behind Billy Hamilton , who recorded over 900 steals from 1888 to 1901; however, nearly 800 of these were achieved prior to 1898, when

828-545: The 2024 season, there are seven active leagues, with four of them acting as MLB Partner Leagues . Additionally, Major League Baseball co-operatively operates the MLB Draft League , which operates as an amateur collegiate summer baseball league in the first half of each season and a professional league outside of the structure of Minor League Baseball for the remainder. Independent baseball leagues and teams exist outside of North America, though rarer. In Japan,

874-608: The Commissioner of Baseball. Independent baseball existed in the early 20th century and has become prominent again since 1993. Leagues operated mostly autonomously before 1902, when the majority joined the NAPBL. From then until 1915, a total of eight new and existing leagues remained independent. Most joined the National Association after one season of independence. Notable exceptions were the California League , which

920-608: The Japan Independent Baseball League Organization, which consists of the Shikoku Island League Plus and Baseball Challenge League , operates independently from Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Japan also has a variety of independent semi-professional leagues consisting of industrial teams , where the players are regular employees of the company that own the team and are additionally paid to play baseball for

966-446: The National League's five best players each season. He is also listed as the 40th greatest non-pitcher in major-league history according to Bill James 's win shares formula, one place ahead of Mark McGwire . Reference: Baseball-Reference.com Leader and Record Board Index Reference: Montreal Expos Batting Leaders from baseball-reference.com Raines was a National League All-Star in 7 consecutive seasons (1981–1987), and

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1012-838: The city of Lancaster, Pennsylvania , cannot have an affiliated team because of its proximity to the Harrisburg Senators and Reading Fightin Phils , leaving the Atlantic League to place a team—the Lancaster Barnstormers —to fill the void. Another example is the greater New York City metropolitan area, where there are many independent teams: the Long Island Ducks , Staten Island FerryHawks , New Jersey Jackals , New York Boulders , and Sussex County Miners . The Atlantic League considered as

1058-742: The company on the side. South Korea also has series of small independent leagues. Additionally, as of 2024, two Japanese teams without affiliation to NPB teams play within NPB's minor leagues (the Eastern League and the Western League ). Similarly, within KBO Futures League , the minor league of Korea Baseball Organization (KBO), there is an unaffiliated team that consists only of South Korean military personnel . A select number of Japanese independent teams also participate in

1104-491: The definition of a steal was altered, and these early steals are not officially recognized. Raines's career stolen base percentage (84.7%) was the highest in major league history for players with 300 or more attempts, until he was surpassed by Carlos Beltrán with an 86.4% success rate. (Note that caught stealing data is incomplete prior to the 1951 season.) Raines set an American League records of 40 consecutive successful steal attempts between July 1993 and August 1995 (the record

1150-453: The fifth round of the 1977 Major League Baseball draft . After debuting with six games as a pinch runner in 1979 , he played briefly as a second baseman for the Expos in 1980 but soon switched to playing the outfield, and rapidly became a fan favorite due to his aggressiveness on the basepaths. In his strike -interrupted 1981 rookie season, he batted .304 and set a then Major League Baseball rookie record with 71 stolen bases, breaking

1196-704: The first father-son pair to play against each other in an official professional baseball game, when the Lynx played the Rochester Red Wings (the two had faced each other earlier in the year during spring training). Raines returned to the major league club on August 22. On October 3, the Expos traded Raines to the Baltimore Orioles , thereby permitting Raines to play in a major league game with his son. On October 4, Raines Jr. played center field and Raines Sr. played left field for Baltimore, becoming

1242-406: The last MLB batter to wear a batting helmet with no ear flap. ( Julio Franco , who retired in 2007, was also eligible to wear a batting helmet with no ear flap, but preferred not to do so.) In a 23-year career, Raines played in 2,502 games accumulating 2,605 hits in 8,872 at bats for a .294 career batting average along with 170 home runs, 980 runs batted in , a .385 on-base percentage and

1288-426: The league standings with a 38–25 record. The 1896 Indiana State League briefly formed as a six–team Independent level league. The Logansport Ottos were the 1896 league champions with a 4–2 record under manager M.A Ryan. The league began play on July 26, 1896 and the season ended on August 4, 1896. In the final season of play, the Indiana State League reformed as a six–team league for the 1900 season. The president

1334-410: The league. The Atlantic League has had many notable managers and coaches, including Wally Backman , Frank Viola , Tommy John , Sparky Lyle , and Bud Harrelson . The Northern League alumni include Leon "Bull" Durham , J. D. Drew , and Darryl Strawberry . Independent leagues are those professional leagues in the United States and Canada not under the purview of organized Minor League Baseball and

1380-585: The new Professional Baseball Agreement in organized baseball instituted more stringent revenue and stadium requirements on members. The Northern League and Frontier League both started play in 1993, and the Northern League's success paved the way for other independent leagues like the Texas-Louisiana League and Northeast League . Over the next eight years, at least 16 independent leagues formed, of which six existed in 2002. As of

1426-656: The off-season Miyazaki Phoenix League alongside Japanese and Korean minor league teams. Tim Raines As coach Timothy Raines Sr. (born September 16, 1959), nicknamed " Rock ", is an American professional baseball coach and former player. He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos . A seven-time All-Star , four-time stolen base champion , and National League batting champion , Raines

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1472-548: The pitcher walking him on four pitches. With limited playing time, Raines batted .308, with a .433 on-base percentage and a .436 slugging percentage. That same year, he was inducted into the team's Hall of Fame. Raines underwent surgery on May 31 due to a left shoulder strain, and spent time rehabilitating with the Expos Triple-A club, the Ottawa Lynx . On August 21, 2001, Raines and his son, Tim Raines Jr. , became

1518-495: The previous mark of 56 steals set by Gene Richards in 1977. Raines was caught stealing for the first time in 1981, after having begun his career with a then major league record 27 consecutive successful stolen bases. Raines was the runner-up for the National League's Rookie of the Year Award in 1981, which was won by Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Fernando Valenzuela . Raines' performance dipped in 1982, as he hit .277 with

1564-776: The school. Raines was also gifted a ceremonious key to the city of Sanford in March 2019, and the Sanford Historical Museum dedicated an exhibit to Raines, filling it with memorabilia from his career. Raines was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2017, appearing on 86.0% of ballots cast. He was eligible for election to the Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2008, and various sabermetricians and commentators had supported his induction prior to his being elected in 2017. Raines began his coaching career in 2003 as manager of

1610-456: The season, he hit the first pitch he saw off the right-field wall for a triple. Raines finished the game with four hits in five at-bats, three runs, one walk, a stolen base, and a game-winning grand slam in the 10th inning. Even without having played in April, Raines led the Expos in runs, walks, times on base, runs created, and stolen bases, in addition to batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage. He also garnered MVP honors in

1656-552: The second father and son team to play for the same major league team (a feat previously accomplished by Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr. ). Raines played his last season in 2002 with the Florida Marlins . He is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four decades, was the last active player who was involved with the Pittsburgh drug trials , and also

1702-408: The teams agreed on Blaise Kozeniewski as the return. With the Yankees, Raines received two World Series rings in 1996 and 1998 . While his playing time was curtailed due to injuries, he contributed to a loose clubhouse atmosphere, and was productive when he came up to the plate. With the Yankees, Raines stole his 800th base on June 10, 1998. In January 1999, Raines signed as a free agent with

1748-587: The top level of competition among the independent leagues, and has had more marquee players than any other independent league, including Jose Canseco , Mat Latos , Steve Lombardozzi Jr. , Francisco Rodríguez , Chien-Ming Wang , Roger Clemens , Rich Hill , Scott Kazmir , Juan González , John Rocker , and Dontrelle Willis . Two former Atlantic League players are in the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum , Tim Raines and Rickey Henderson . Gary Carter , another Hall of Famer, managed in

1794-562: Was Edward E. Hill. During the season, Elmwood moved from Logansport. Elwood and Muncie both disbanded on June 10, 1900, causing the entire league to fold. The Wabash Farmers were in first place with a 19–9 record when the league disbanded. Anderson and Marion joined Interstate League in August 1900. 1888 Indiana State League 1890 Indiana State League 1896 Indiana State League 1900 Indiana State League Independent baseball league An independent baseball league

1840-533: Was an assistant coach and Director of Player Development for the Bears. The Toronto Blue Jays hired Raines as a minor league baserunning and outfield coach in 2013. In 1979, Raines married Virginia Hilton, a classmate at Seminole High School . The couple had two children: Tim Jr. ("Little Rock"), and André ("Little Hawk"). In high school, he was a running back . Discussing his decision to play professional baseball instead of football he stated, "...in football I

1886-473: Was broken by Ichiro Suzuki in May 2007, when he completed 45 consecutive steals). Among switch hitters, Raines ranks sixth in career hits (2,605), fourth in runs (1,571), walks (1,330) and times on base (3,977), fifth in plate appearances (10,359), seventh in singles (1,892), doubles (430), total bases (3,771) and at bats (8,872), eighth in triples (113) and tenth in extra base hits (713). He held

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1932-493: Was elected into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame . On January 18, 2017, Raines was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum . He was formally inducted on July 30. His plaque depicts him in an Expos cap. The baseball complex at Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida , Raines' alma mater , has been renamed Tim Raines Athletic Park in his honor, and Raines' number 22 has been retired at

1978-641: Was independent in 1902 and from 1907 to 1909; the United States Baseball League , which folded during its independent 1912 season; and the Colonial League, a National Association Member that went independent in 1915 and then folded. Another independent league, the Federal League , played at a level considered major league from 1914 to 1915. Few independent leagues existed between 1915 and 1993. Major exceptions included

2024-654: Was named the Most Valuable Player of the 1987 All-Star Game . In 1981, The Sporting News named Raines the National League Rookie of the Year. Raines finished in the top 10 in voting for the NL Most Valuable Player Award three times (1983, 1986, 1987). He won a Silver Slugger Award as an outfielder in 1986 when he led the National League in both batting average and on-base percentage . In 2013, Raines

2070-421: Was one of seven children. Two of his brothers, Levi and Ned III, played minor league baseball. As a baseball player at Seminole, Raines stole home plate ten times. He also rushed for 1,000 yards in eight football games and set two school track and field records that lasted for several years. Raines reportedly received over 100 scholarship offers to play college football . The Montreal Expos selected Raines in

2116-610: Was the hitting coach for the minor-league Harrisburg Senators in 2007, but was not retained by the team for 2008. Raines signed a two-year contract to manage the Newark Bears of the Atlantic League , starting in 2009. After the 2010 season, the Bears moved to the Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball , and the team announced Raines would return to manage in 2011. In 2012, he

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