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44-529: The EX (MY 2008-2013) was the first production automobile equipped a surround-view camera , marketed as Around View Monitor . The first generation QX50 was a minor model update of the EX with its nameplate changed to QX50 to align with the marque's new Q and QX nomenclature introduced for model year 2013 (China) and model year 2015 (United States). The second-generation QX50 entered production in November 2017 as

88-425: A 0-60 mph (97 km/h) time of 5.8 - 6.2 seconds. The quarter mile is 14.6 seconds at 98 mph (158 km/h), and top speed is electronically limited to 144 mph (232 km/h). 70 mph (113 km/h) - 0 braking is a 166 feet (51 m). Roadholding is .83g. The EX was the first production automobile to offer a surround-view camera , marketed as Around View Monitor . The cameras are located at

132-502: A 2019 model. Infiniti presented a preliminary concept for the EX at the 2007 New York Auto Show , notable for its surround-view camera (marketed as Around View Monitor ), lane departure system , V6 engine, 5-speed automatic transmission , all-wheel-drive , double-arch grille , large L-shaped headlights with adaptive front lighting system (AFS), integrated fog lights, LED taillights and an "arch" profile design. Infiniti presented

176-412: A drop of a solvent such as acetone or chloroform is placed on it. African copal and the kauri gum of New Zealand are also procured in a semi-fossil condition. Rosin is a solidified resin from which the volatile terpenes have been removed by distillation. Typical rosin is a transparent or translucent mass, with a vitreous fracture and a faintly yellow or brown colour, non-odorous or having only

220-479: A rear-spoiler-mounted CCD camera. This system was discontinued in 1997. In April 2000, Nissan's Infiniti division introduced the Rear View Monitor on the 2002 Infiniti Q45 flagship sedan. Using colored on-screen guidelines as a parking distance parameter, the Rear View Monitor operated from a license-plate-mounted camera in the trunk that transmitted a mirrored image to a 7-inch in-dash LCD screen. It

264-456: A slight turpentine odour and taste. Rosin is insoluble in water, mostly soluble in alcohol, essential oils , ether , and hot fatty oils. Rosin softens and melts when heated and burns with a bright but smoky flame. Rosin consists of a complex mixture of different substances including organic acids named the resin acids . Related to the terpenes, resin acid is oxidized terpenes. Resin acids dissolve in alkalis to form resin soaps , from which

308-459: Is a cognate of the Greek ῥητίνη rhētínē "resin of the pine", of unknown earlier origin, though probably non- Indo-European . The word "resin" has been applied in the modern world to nearly any component of a liquid that will set into a hard lacquer or enamel -like finish. An example is nail polish. Certain "casting resins" and synthetic resins (such as epoxy resin ) have also been given

352-427: Is a video camera specifically designed to be attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in reversing and reduce the rear blind spot . The rear blind spot has been described as a "killing zone" due to the accidents it contributes to. Backup cameras are usually connected to the vehicle's head unit display. A common variant is a surround-view system, which assembles a synthetic but positionally accurate top-down view of

396-619: Is mated to a seven-speed automatic transmission. It was launched at the 2010 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition . The EX25 Crossover is currently marketed only in China, Malaysia, Russia and Ukraine. Transmissions include manual shift mode that includes the option of sequentially selected manual gearshifts and Downshift Rev Matching (DRM). U.S. models include a choice of RWD or ATTESA E-TS AWD . Models sold in Canada, Europe include ATTESA E-TS AWD as standard. The Infiniti EX35 line has

440-700: Is used by honey bees to seal small gaps in their hives, while larger gaps are filled with beeswax. Shellac is an example of an insect-derived resin. Asphaltite and Utah resin are petroleum bitumens . Human use of plant resins has a very long history that was documented in ancient Greece by Theophrastus , in ancient Rome by Pliny the Elder , and especially in the resins known as frankincense and myrrh , prized in ancient Egypt . These were highly prized substances, and required as incense in some religious rites. The word resin comes from French resine , from Latin resina "resin", which either derives from or

484-614: The Aleppo Pine is used to flavour retsina , a Greek resinated wine . While animal resins are not as common as either plant or synthetic resins some animal resins like lac (obtained from Kerria lacca ) are used for applications like sealing wax in India , and lacquerware in Sri Lanka . Many materials are produced via the conversion of synthetic resins to solids. Important examples are bisphenol A diglycidyl ether , which

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528-686: The USDOT repeatedly extended the deadline to analyze costs and benefits of the requirement. In September 2013, Greg Gulbransen , the father of the child after whom the law was named, along with a group of consumers and advocates, submitted a petition to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals , demanding that the USDOT implement regulations on backup cameras within 90 days. About half of model year 2012 automobiles were equipped with backup cameras. On March 31, 2014, three years past its deadline,

572-524: The 2008 Infiniti M series, to offer the Lane Departure Prevention (LDP) system. This utilizes the electronic stability control system to help assist the driver in maintaining lane position by applying gentle brake pressure on each wheel individually to generate intended movement. It sounds an alert and nudges the vehicle in the correct direction when lane departure is detected. It also applies braking actuation to bring vehicle back in

616-719: The 2010 EX, FX and M models. The V6 engine delivers 240 hp (179 kW) and a peak torque of 550 N⋅m (410 lb⋅ft). The engine comes with a seven-speed automatic transmission. The brand entered the European market with a new 3.0-liter V6 diesel. The engine was the first Diesel in the Infiniti brand's 20-year history. The engine produces 235 hp (175 kW) and 405 N⋅m (299 lb⋅ft) of torque. European model went on sale as 2010 model year vehicle. The VQ25HR V6 engine delivers 218 hp (163 kW) and peak torque of 253 N⋅m (187 lb⋅ft). The engine

660-579: The 2014 model year, Infiniti again rebadged all of its models, renaming the EX37 as QX50. South Korean model went on sale in 2008-01-24 as 2008 model year vehicle. European market The Infiniti EX is sold as the EX37 in the European market. It debuted in Fall 2008. Japanese versions are badged as the Nissan Skyline Crossover . A new 3.0-liter V6 ( V9X ) diesel engine became available on

704-420: The EX's surface close to the original state. The process, which takes anywhere from one day to one week (depending on the surrounding temperature and the depth of the scratch), is accomplished through the use of an elastic resin . It is combined with a conventional clearcoat to increase the paint's flexibility and strength by raising the resin density." The EX was the second Infiniti production vehicle, following

748-672: The EX35 production model at the 2007 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance , followed by Jamsil Olympic Stadium in Seoul. North American model of the EX35 went on sale in December 2007 for model year 2008 — in rear- or all-wheel drive, using the Nissan FM platform . The EX35 was offered with a 297 hp (221 kW) 3.5 L V6 ( VQ35HR ) until it was rebadged in 2013 as EX37 with a 325 hp (242 kW) 3.7 L V6 ( VQ37VHR ). For

792-612: The QX50 began in November 2017 at COMPAS , a Nissan and Daimler AG's joint plant in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Introduced in the first quarter of 2021 for the 2022 model year, the QX55 is a "coupé SUV" version of the QX50 with a more sloped roof design. Infiniti intends it to be the spiritual successor to the FX . It included 21-inch wheels, black and white interior upholstery. The vehicle

836-737: The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced that it would require all automobiles sold in the United States built beginning in May 2018 to include backup cameras. On October 31, 2016, Transport Canada issued a similar mandate beginning at the same time. Resin A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer . Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds , and predominantly terpenes . Well known resins include amber , hashish , frankincense , myrrh and

880-401: The animal-derived resin, shellac . Resins are commonly used in varnishes , adhesives , food additives , incenses and perfumes . Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins confound a wide range of herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack

924-414: The camera to see an uninterrupted horizontal path from one rear corner to the other. The camera is typically pointed at a downward angle to view potential obstacles on the ground. Backup cameras use dashboard screens that are also used with GPS navigation systems. Inside the vehicle, the display is typically wired to automatically activate when the transmission is set to reverse, showing the backup view on

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968-453: The dashboard in place of the rear-view mirror. The 1972 Volvo Experimental Safety Car (VESC) also had a backup camera, but this feature did not make it into the subsequent Volvo 240 model. The first production automobile to incorporate a backup camera was the 1991 Toyota Soarer Limited (UZZ31 and UZZ32), which was only available in Japan. The Toyota system used a color EMV screen with

1012-540: The dashboard screen while the vehicle is in reverse and/or providing grid guidelines to aid the driver. Backup cameras are produced in different varieties depending on the application: The first backup camera was used in the 1956 Buick Centurion concept car, presented in January 1956 at the General Motors Motorama . The vehicle had a rear-mounted television camera that sent images to a TV screen on

1056-403: The display, functioning remotely. They typically switch on automatically when the reverse gear is engaged. Some models used solar energy for power. The display can be powered from the 12-volt socket on the car's dashboard, and some models sync directly with a mobile phone via an app. Blind spot monitors may include "Cross Traffic Alert", which alerts drivers when traffic is approaching from

1100-404: The driver face opposite directions; without this adjustment, the camera's right would be on the driver's left and vice versa. A mirrored image makes the orientation of the display consistent with the physical mirrors installed on the vehicle. A backup camera typically utilizes a wide-angle or fish-eye lens. Although such lenses may limit the camera's ability to capture distant objects, they allow

1144-434: The family Dipterocarpaceae , dragon's blood from the dragon trees ( Dracaena species), elemi , frankincense from Boswellia sacra , galbanum from Ferula gummosa , gum guaiacum from the lignum vitae trees of the genus Guaiacum , kauri gum from trees of Agathis australis , hashish (Cannabis resin) from Cannabis indica , labdanum from mediterranean species of Cistus , mastic (plant resin) from

1188-540: The first surround-view cameras , making the system available on the 2008 EX35 and marketing it as the Around View Monitor. The system used four cameras located at the front, back, and sides of the vehicle, feeding images to an image processing unit to create a synthetic but positionally accurate top-down view of the car and its surroundings. In most modern systems, the pictures appear in such detail that it's difficult to believe they were not taken from above

1232-463: The front, back and sides of the vehicle and feed images to an image processing unit; those individual inputs are analyzed, synthesized to offer a synthetic, but positionally accurate, somewhat lifelike top-down view of the car and its surroundings. The EX was one of the first production automobiles to feature "Scratch Shield," a "self-healing clearcoat paint. The paint self-repairs fine scratches, such as fingernail scratches under door handles, restoring

1276-483: The lane. The vehicle was unveiled in the 2013 Nanjing Auto Show. Middle East models went on sale as 2014 model year vehicle. Early models include VQ37VHR 3.7-liter V6 (326PS) engine with all wheel drive, 7-speed automatic transmission with manual shift mode, DS mode with Downshift Rev Matching (DRM), and Adaptive Shift Control. US models went on sale as 2014 model year vehicles. Early models included QX50, QX50 AWD, QX50 Journey and QX50 AWD Journey. The China model

1320-482: The main bearings and L-links. Nissan stated that they are attempting to address these failures by changing their manufacturing process. The 2020 QX50 was tested by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . The 2022 QX55 was tested by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . Backup camera#Surround-view cameras A backup camera (also called a reversing camera or rear-view camera )

1364-530: The mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus , myrrh from shrubs of Commiphora , sandarac resin from Tetraclinis articulata , the national tree of Malta, styrax (a Benzoin resin from various Styrax species) and spinifex resin from Australian grasses. Amber is fossil resin (also called resinite) from coniferous and other tree species. Copal, kauri gum, dammar and other resins may also be found as subfossil deposits. Subfossil copal can be distinguished from genuine fossil amber because it becomes tacky when

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1408-688: The name "resin". Some naturally-derived resins, when soft, are known as 'oleoresins', and when containing benzoic acid or cinnamic acid they are called balsams. Oleoresins are naturally-occurring mixtures of an oil and a resin; they can be extracted from various plants. Other resinous products in their natural condition are a mix with gum or mucilaginous substances and known as gum resins . Several natural resins are used as ingredients in perfumes, e.g., balsams of Peru and tolu, elemi, styrax, and certain turpentines. Other liquid compounds found inside plants or exuded by plants, such as sap , latex , or mucilage , are sometimes confused with resin but are not

1452-652: The plant. Most plant resins are composed of terpenes . Specific components are alpha-pinene , beta-pinene , delta-3 carene , and sabinene , the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene , and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes , longifolene , caryophyllene , and delta-cadinene . Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids . Rosins on the other hand are less volatile and consist of diterpenes among other compounds. Examples of plant resins include amber , Balm of Gilead , balsam , Canada balsam , copal from trees of Protium copal and Hymenaea courbaril , dammar gum from trees of

1496-741: The resin acids are regenerated upon treatment with acids. Examples of resin acids are abietic acid (sylvic acid), C 20 H 30 O 2 , plicatic acid contained in cedar, and pimaric acid , C 20 H 30 O 2 , a constituent of galipot resin. Abietic acid can also be extracted from rosin by means of hot alcohol. Rosin is obtained from pines and some other plants , mostly conifers . Plant resins are generally produced as stem secretions, but in some Central and South American species of Dalechampia and Clusia they are produced as pollination rewards, and used by some stingless bee species in nest construction. Propolis , consisting largely of resins collected from plants such as poplars and conifers ,

1540-482: The same. Saps, in particular, serve a nutritive function that resins do not. Plant resins are valued for the production of varnishes , adhesives , and food glazing agents . They are also prized as raw materials for the synthesis of other organic compounds and provide constituents of incense and perfume . The oldest known use of plant resin comes from the late Middle Stone Age in Southern Africa where it

1584-604: The sides while backing out of a parking space. In the United States, the Cameron Gulbransen Kids Transportation Safety Act of 2007 required the United States Department of Transportation to issue backup-collision-safety regulations within three years and require full compliance within four years after final rulemaking. The statutory deadline for issuing the final regulations was February 2011. However,

1628-519: The vehicle and its surroundings. Backup cameras have been regulated by law in Canada and the United States since 2018. Since May of that year, backup cameras have been required on all new vehicles sold in the United States. The design of a backup camera is distinct from other cameras because the image is horizontally flipped to produce a mirror image. This is necessary because the camera and

1672-574: The vehicle. Other manufacturers have since offered similar systems, such as Bird's Eye View Camera (Toyota) and Surround Vision (Chevrolet). First offered in October 2018, the Japanese market Lexus ES can be optioned with cameras as side view mirrors . This feature is also offered on the Audi Q8 e-tron and Hyundai Ioniq 5 . These advanced cameras do not require cables between the camera and

1716-559: Was available as optional equipment at the North American launch in March 2001. The 2002 Nissan Primera introduced the Rear View Monitor backup camera system to territories outside Japan and North America. Aftermarket options for cars have been available for some time with electronics manufacturers offering multiple car upgrades that can be installed by professionals without replacing the car's center console. Infiniti introduced

1760-728: Was set to go on sale in 2015. Production of the Chinese models of QX50L at Xiangyang plant in Hubei Province was set to begin in 2014. Infiniti QX50L was used as the actors' official passenger vehicle for the Where Are We Going? Dad (爸爸去哪儿) television series. Changes include overall length increased by 80 millimeters (3.1 inches), a redesigned grille and front bumper assembly that incorporate LED daylight running lights, optional automatically opened and closed tailgate hatch, optional full panoramic glass roof. The vehicle

1804-641: Was unveiled in the 2017 North American International Auto Show . On December 13, 2023, the NHTSA opened an investigation into customer complaints of engine failure in the Nissan's KR15DDT and KR20DDET engines, the latter being used in the J55 QX50. The complaints allege engine failure, loss of motive power, engine knock, or noise and/or metal chunks and shavings being found in the oil pan of vehicles with these engines. The cause appears to be seizures and damages to

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1848-529: Was unveiled in the 2014 Guangzhou motor show, followed by the 2015 New York Auto Show . Delivery of China model began in February 2015. US models went on sale as 2016 model year vehicle. Early models included 3.7, 3.7 AWD. The production version of the second-generation QX50 was presented at the 2017 LA Auto Show as a 2019 model with a turbocharged 2.0 L KR20DDET gasoline engine using Nissan's VC-T variable compression ratio system. Production of

1892-484: Was unveiled in the 2016 Beijing Motor Show, followed by the 2016 Paris Motor Show (with gray body color, 22-inch wheels in bronze, brown leather interior upholstery, 2.0-liter inline-four variable compression engine with compression ratio between 8:1 and 14:1), 2016 Los Angeles Auto Show (with black and white interior upholstery). It included a 2.0-liter inline-four variable compression engine with compression ratio between 8:1 and 14:1, front-drive platform. The vehicle

1936-460: Was used as an adhesive for hafting stone tools. The hard transparent resins, such as the copals, dammars , mastic , and sandarac , are principally used for varnishes and adhesives, while the softer odoriferous oleo-resins ( frankincense , elemi , turpentine , copaiba ), and gum resins containing essential oils ( ammoniacum , asafoetida , gamboge , myrrh , and scammony ) are more used for therapeutic purposes, food and incense . The resin of

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