In the United Kingdom, the term conservation area almost always applies to an area (usually urban or the core of a village) of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which is considered worthy of preservation or enhancement. It creates a precautionary approach to the loss or alteration of buildings and/or trees, thus it has some of the legislative and policy characteristics of listed buildings and tree preservation orders . The concept was introduced in 1967, and by 2017 almost 9,800 had been designated in England.
25-641: Iffley is a village in a designated conservation area in Oxfordshire , England. It lies within the boundaries of the city of Oxford , between Cowley and the estates of Rose Hill and Donnington , and in proximity to the River Thames ( Isis ). A notable feature is its largely unchanged Norman church, St Mary the Virgin , which has a modern stained glass Nativity window designed by John Piper and another window designed by Roger Wagner . The church
50-753: A svarabhakti in Anglo-Norman which consists in this case of interposing an -e- between the v and the r. This phonetic feature is regularly observed in Anglo-Norman, for example: D'Evreux "of Évreux " > Devereux ; French ouvrit vs AN overi ; French oeuvre vs AN o(e)vere , etc. The medieval latinization Piperellus is correct, piper meaning "pepper" in English and is the source of Old French peivre > French poivre and Old English piper > English pepper . The diminutive suffix -ellus gave regularly -el in northern French, but later -eau in western and central French. William Peverel
75-502: A brief time during the 15th century it was a fulling mill. The mill, "…was notorious for its arguments between bargees and millers, who being in possession of the lock, whether it was a flash or pound lock , could preserve their head of water, and not let it flow down river, by opening the gates, as long as they wished." In 1156 Iffley was among the holdings of the Norman family of St. Remy , until about 1200. They established Iffley as
100-464: A parish, and built the parish church , "in size and decorative splendour out of all proportion to the place". The manor was owned by many, thereafter. The Archdeacons of Oxford were given the right to appoint the parish priest in 1279: they held this until 1965, when the power was given to the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church, Oxford . In 1921 the civil parish had a population of 405. On 1 April 1929
125-472: A stem diameter of more than 75 mm (3"), when measured at 1.5 metres (5') height above ground level, in a conservation area must give the planning authority six weeks' notice of their intentions to do the work. Several exemptions from the need to notify exist including for removal of dead trees, the prevention or abatement of (legal) nuisance and for the implementation of planning permission. Work may only be undertaken either when consent has been given by
150-549: Is Iffley or Iflie during the Civil War 1642 – 46. Clearly, the sound of the name — at a time when spoken forms were dominant — was fixed by then. Afterwards the Y survived in occasional use, but only lawyers bothered with the T..." The ending of the name of this village near Oxford , means "cleared ground": the Old English term for that was "ley" — just up the road from modern Iffley, the town of Cowley also preserves
175-538: Is a Grade I listed building. "In the chronicles of Abingdon Abbey (941 – 946) the place is called Gifteleia . The Domesday Book of 1086 it is Givetelei . Merton College records in the 1290s call it Iftele and Yiftele ; it is Yeftley to the civil servants writing up the Domesday of Inclosures, in Latin, in 1517 – 18; Lincoln College accounts, written less formally and in English, have Ifley by 1543, and it
200-607: Is a nature reserve occupying much of Iffley Island, an area of flood-meadow on the opposite side of the Thames . The reserve is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of Oxford City Council . The meadows are notable for their large population of snake's head fritillaries . The village of Iffley has given its name to: Conservation area (United Kingdom) As of 2019, 2.2% of England making up 2,938 km (1,134 sq mi)
225-422: Is a conservation area, 59% of which are rural, and 41% are in urban areas. The original idea of historic conservation areas was proposed by June Hargreaves , a York town planner, in her 1964 book Historic buildings. Problems of their preservation . In the book she critiqued the idea that historic buildings should be replaced with modern "streamlined and ultra-functional" buildings as this would be detrimental to
250-659: Is desirable to preserve or enhance". The current Scottish legislation is the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 . In Northern Ireland it is the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 . Conservation areas can be found across a wide a range of urban and rural UK locations. For example, in the historic centres of town and cities such as Alexandra Palace and Park ; model housing estates; historic mining, fishing and transport areas e.g. Crosby Garrett ; and rural villages such as Osmotherley . It
275-426: Is the role of the listed building process to protect individual buildings, and it is common for many listed buildings to also be located within designated conservation areas where those individual buildings make a contribution to the special architectural or historic character of the area. Current Government planning policy on conservation areas is laid down (for England) mainly in section 12 'Conserving and enhancing
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#1732776767742300-526: Is worth protecting or enhancing. Local and regional criteria are used, rather than any national standard. In exceptional circumstances, Historic England can designate conservation areas in London, but it has to consult the relevant Borough Council and obtain the consent of the Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport. The Secretary of State can also designate in exceptional circumstances – usually where
325-499: The Old English ending and meaning in its name. No records of the foundation of Iffley have been found, but the reason for its founding is clear from the location: Iffley has a little hill, and so is the first place downriver from Oxford from which traffic on the Thames might be surveyed, and controlled — and where people might be safe from floods: "It is likely that the hill, running to 295 ft, now known as Rose Hill and Iffley,
350-566: The area is of more than local interest. Local authorities have additional powers under planning legislation to control changes to buildings in a conservation area that might usually be allowed without planning permission in other locations, for example changing the appearance of windows, adding external cladding or putting up satellite dishes. Large conservation areas are sometimes subdivided into identity areas, which cover groups of buildings and features having similar character and appearance. Enforcement of conservation areas varies, dependent on
375-481: The historic character of the area, for example by ensuring that newly constructed buildings are of a high quality design. Conservation area status also removes some permitted development rights that apply in undesignated areas. In England, conservation area consent was abolished by the ERR Act (1) and replaced with a requirement for planning permission for demolition of a building in a conservation area (1). In Wales,
400-762: The historic environment' of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and (for Wales) in Welsh Office Circular 61/96 – Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas . There are additional planning controls over certain works carried out within the conservation area. For example, demolition within conservation areas requires consent. The designation does not preclude development from taking place, but does require that developments preserve or enhance
425-498: The identity of historic towns: "No building within an 'area of special preservation' should be demolished or altered in such a way as to materially detract from the contribution it makes to the group value of the street." The Civic Amenities Act 1967 introduced the concept of conservation areas, and in September of that year the first designation was made, covering the "old town" area of Stamford, Lincolnshire . The legislation
450-494: The parish was abolished and merged with St Giles and St John and Littlemore . People mentioned: Abbey of St Mary of Winchcombe; Aelfgifu; Alnoth; Alric; Alwine; Azur; Bondi; Brian; Cynewig; Earl Tosti ; Earl Aubrey de Coucy of Northumbria; Edwin the sheriff; Henry de Ferrers ; Hugh; Hugh d'Ivry; Hugh de Bolbec; Queen Edith ; Ralph; Robert; Roger; Rolf; Swein; Turold; Walter; Walter Giffard; William Peverel ; William de Warenne ; William fitzAnsculf. Date: 1086 Iffley Meadows
475-529: The planning authority or after the six weeks has expired. As of 2012, in England and Wales penalties for cutting down or destroying a tree were upgraded to an unlimited fine (previously this was a fine of up to £20,000) – and the landowner can also be required to replace the tree that was removed. For less serious offences, the penalty is a fine of up to £2,500. William Peverel William Peverel († 28. January 1114), Latinised to Gulielmus Piperellus ),
500-425: The requirement for conservation area consent remains. The circumstances in which such planning permission is required and the consequences of failing to apply for it when it is needed are the same as applied to conservation area consent. Local authorities are chiefly responsible for designating conservation areas. They can designate any area of 'special architectural or historic interest' whose character or appearance
525-476: The resources and priorities of the local authority, and many fail to meet expectations. A conservation area may have a conservation area advisory committee , a non-elected body of people, some of whom may be expert, who are concerned about the conservation in the particular area. Historic England maintains an "at risk" register which includes conservation areas. The law generally requires that anyone proposing to cut down or carry out any work on any tree, with
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#1732776767742550-662: Was a Norman knight granted lands in England following the Norman Conquest . Little is known of the origin of the William Peverel the Elder. Of his immediate family, only the name of a brother, Robert, is known. The name Peverel is an Anglo-Norman variant form of the Old French surname Pevrel , Peuvrel diminutive form in -el of Pevrier , Peuvrier meaning "pepper or spice seller". It developped
575-472: Was a desirable place to live, safe from any floods. Many other villages, above and below, are set back from the river to cater for floods." During the 12th century Oxford townsmen built a watermill at Iffley, which was bought by Lincoln College, Oxford in 1445: the mill burned in 1908, having survived for nearly 800 years. Products ground at the Iffley mill included malt, barley, corn and other cereals — for
600-703: Was a favourite of William the Conqueror . He was greatly honoured after the Norman Conquest , and received as his reward over a hundred manors in central England from the king. In 1086, the Domesday Book records William as holding the substantial number of 162 manors, forming collectively the Honour of Peverel , in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire , including Nottingham Castle . He also built Peveril Castle , Castleton, Derbyshire. William Peverel
625-505: Was refined by section 277 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 , which in turn was superseded by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The current legislation in England and Wales, the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (sections 69 and 70), defines the quality of a conservation area as being: "the character or appearance of which it
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