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54-604: Semen , also known as seminal fluid , is a bodily fluid that contains spermatozoa . Spermatozoa are secreted by the male gonads (sexual glands) and other sexual organs of male or hermaphroditic animals and can fertilize the female ovum . In placental mammals , semen also contains secretions from the male accessory glands and is discharged from the penis through the urethral orifice during ejaculation . In humans, seminal fluid contains several components besides spermatozoa: proteolytic and other enzymes as well as fructose are elements of seminal fluid which promote

108-437: A complex range of organic and inorganic constituents. The seminal plasma provides a nutritive and protective medium for the spermatozoa during their journey through the female reproductive tract. The normal environment of the vagina is a hostile one (c.f. sexual conflict ) for sperm cells, as it is very acidic (from the native microflora producing lactic acid ), viscous, and patrolled by immune cells. The components in

162-414: A form of miasma , and ritual purification was to be practised after its discharge. In some pre-industrial societies, semen and other body fluids were revered because they were believed to be magical. Blood is an example of such a fluid, but semen was also widely believed to be of supernatural origin and effect and was, as a result, considered holy or sacred. The ancient Sumerians believed that semen

216-404: A form of energy called 精 ( pinyin : jīng, also a morpheme denoting "essence" or "spirit") – which one attempts to develop and accumulate. " Jing " is sexual energy and is considered to dissipate with ejaculation, so masturbation is considered "energy suicide" amongst those who practice this art. According to Qigong theory, energy from many pathways/meridians becomes diverted and transfers itself to

270-528: A long time once outside the body. The presence of blood in semen or hematospermia may be undetectable (it can only be seen microscopically) or visible in the fluid. Its cause could be the result of inflammation , infection , blockage, or injury of the male reproductive tract or a problem within the urethra , testicles , epididymis or prostate . It usually clears up without treatment, or with antibiotics , but if persistent further semen analysis and other urogenital system tests might be needed to find out

324-764: A noun), while load is derived from the phrase blowing a load , referring to an ejaculation. The term nut originally refers to the testicles , but can be used to refer to both semen and ejaculation. Bodily fluid Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 946855130 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:43:06 GMT Organic compound Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms ), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of

378-495: A number of mythologies around the world, semen is often considered analogous to breast milk . In the traditions of Bali, it is considered to be the returning or refunding of the milk of the mother in an alimentary metaphor. The wife feeds her husband who returns to her his semen, the milk of human kindness. Nancy Friday 's book, Men in Love – Men's Sexual Fantasies: The Triumph of Love over Rage (1982), suggests that swallowing semen

432-480: A period typically ranging from 15 to 30 minutes, prostate-specific antigen present in the semen causes the decoagulation of the seminal coagulum. It is postulated that the initial clotting helps keep the semen in the vagina, while liquefaction frees the sperm to make their journey to the ova. A 2005 review found that the average reported viscosity of human semen in the literature was 3–7 centipoises (cP), or, equivalently, millipascal-seconds (mPa·s). Semen quality

486-474: A regulative force must exist within living bodies. Berzelius also contended that compounds could be distinguished by whether they required any organisms in their synthesis (organic compounds) or whether they did not ( inorganic compounds ). Vitalism taught that formation of these "organic" compounds were fundamentally different from the "inorganic" compounds that could be obtained from the elements by chemical manipulations in laboratories. Vitalism survived for

540-452: A short period after the formulation of modern ideas about the atomic theory and chemical elements . It first came under question in 1824, when Friedrich Wöhler synthesized oxalic acid , a compound known to occur only in living organisms, from cyanogen . A further experiment was Wöhler's 1828 synthesis of urea from the inorganic salts potassium cyanate and ammonium sulfate . Urea had long been considered an "organic" compound, as it

594-404: A single element and so not generally considered chemical compounds . The word "organic" in this context does not mean "natural". Vitalism was a widespread conception that substances found in organic nature are formed from the chemical elements by the action of a "vital force" or "life-force" ( vis vitalis ) that only living organisms possess. In the 1810s, Jöns Jacob Berzelius argued that

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648-634: A small percentage of Earth's crust , they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living things incorporate inorganic carbon compounds into organic compounds through a network of processes ( the carbon cycle ) that begins with the conversion of carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source like water into simple sugars and other organic molecules by autotrophic organisms using light ( photosynthesis ) or other sources of energy. Most synthetically-produced organic compounds are ultimately derived from petrochemicals consisting mainly of hydrocarbons , which are themselves formed from

702-631: A study with Swedish and Danish men, a prolonged interval between ejaculations caused an increase in the sperm count in the semen but not an increase in the semen volume. Semen can be stored in diluents such as the Illini Variable Temperature (IVT) diluent, which have been reported to be able to preserve high fertility of semen for over seven days. The IVT diluent is composed of several salts, sugars and antibacterial agents and gassed with CO 2 . Semen cryopreservation can be used for far longer storage durations. For human sperm,

756-421: A transition metal and to oxygen, and are often prepared directly from metal and carbon monoxide . Nickel tetracarbonyl is typically classified as an organometallic compound as it satisfies the broad definition that organometallic chemistry covers all compounds that contain at least one carbon to metal covalent bond; it is unknown whether organometallic compounds form a subset of organic compounds. For example,

810-1692: A variety of ways. One major distinction is between natural and synthetic compounds. Organic compounds can also be classified or subdivided by the presence of heteroatoms , e.g., organometallic compounds , which feature bonds between carbon and a metal , and organophosphorus compounds , which feature bonds between carbon and a phosphorus . Another distinction, based on the size of organic compounds, distinguishes between small molecules and polymers . Natural compounds refer to those that are produced by plants or animals. Many of these are still extracted from natural sources because they would be more expensive to produce artificially. Examples include most sugars , some alkaloids and terpenoids , certain nutrients such as vitamin B 12 , and, in general, those natural products with large or stereoisometrically complicated molecules present in reasonable concentrations in living organisms. Further compounds of prime importance in biochemistry are antigens , carbohydrates , enzymes , hormones , lipids and fatty acids , neurotransmitters , nucleic acids , proteins , peptides and amino acids , lectins , vitamins , and fats and oils . Compounds that are prepared by reaction of other compounds are known as " synthetic ". They may be either compounds that are already found in plants/animals or those artificial compounds that do not occur naturally . Most polymers (a category that includes all plastics and rubbers ) are organic synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds. Many organic compounds—two examples are ethanol and insulin —are manufactured industrially using organisms such as bacteria and yeast. Typically,

864-455: A volume of 2 mL or greater, pH of 7.2 to 8.0, sperm concentration of 20×10 spermatozoa/mL or more, sperm count of 40×10 spermatozoa per ejaculate or more, and motility of 50% or more with forward progression (categories a and b) of 25% or more with rapid progression (category a) within 60 minutes of ejaculation. A 2005 review of the literature found that the average reported physical and chemical properties of human semen were as follows: Semen

918-490: Is a measure of the ability of semen to accomplish fertilization. Thus, it is a measure of fertility in a man. It is the sperm in the semen that is the fertile component, and therefore semen quality involves both sperm quantity and sperm quality. The volume of semen ejaculate varies but is generally about 1 teaspoonful or less. A review of 30 studies concluded that the average was around 3.4 milliliters (mL), with some studies finding amounts as high as 5.0 mL or as low as 2.3 mL. In

972-481: Is a whitish (sometimes clear), thin fluid containing proteolytic enzymes, citric acid, acid phosphatase and lipids. The bulbourethral glands secrete a clear secretion into the lumen of the urethra to lubricate it. Sertoli cells , which nurture and support developing spermatocytes , secrete a fluid into seminiferous tubules that helps transport sperm to the genital ducts. The ductuli efferentes possess cuboidal cells with microvilli and lysosomal granules that modify

1026-972: Is any compound that contains a significant amount of carbon—even though many of the organic compounds known today have no connection to any substance found in living organisms. The term carbogenic has been proposed by E. J. Corey as a modern alternative to organic , but this neologism remains relatively obscure. The organic compound L -isoleucine molecule presents some features typical of organic compounds: carbon–carbon bonds , carbon–hydrogen bonds , as well as covalent bonds from carbon to oxygen and to nitrogen. As described in detail below, any definition of organic compound that uses simple, broadly-applicable criteria turns out to be unsatisfactory, to varying degrees. The modern, commonly accepted definition of organic compound essentially amounts to any carbon-containing compound, excluding several classes of substances traditionally considered "inorganic". The list of substances so excluded varies from author to author. Still, it

1080-710: Is generally agreed upon that there are (at least) a few carbon-containing compounds that should not be considered organic. For instance, almost all authorities would require the exclusion of alloys that contain carbon, including steel (which contains cementite , Fe 3 C ), as well as other metal and semimetal carbides (including "ionic" carbides, e.g, Al 4 C 3 and CaC 2 and "covalent" carbides, e.g. B 4 C and SiC , and graphite intercalation compounds, e.g. KC 8 ). Other compounds and materials that are considered 'inorganic' by most authorities include: metal carbonates , simple oxides of carbon ( CO , CO 2 , and arguably, C 3 O 2 ),

1134-573: Is high on a man's intimacy scale. When the British Secret Intelligence Service discovered that semen made a good invisible ink , Sir Mansfield George Smith-Cumming noted of his agents that "Every man (is) his own stylo ". The Borborites , also known as the Phibionites, were an early Christian Gnostic sect during the late fourth century AD whose alleged practices involving sacred semen are described by

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1188-479: Is on a carbon atom. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds, such as carbides , carbonates (excluding carbonate esters ), simple oxides of carbon (for example, CO and CO 2 ) and cyanides are generally considered inorganic compounds . Different forms ( allotropes ) of pure carbon, such as diamond , graphite , fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are also excluded because they are simple substances composed of

1242-417: Is typically translucent with white, grey or even yellowish tint. Blood in the semen can cause a pink or reddish colour, known as hematospermia , and may indicate a medical problem which should be evaluated by a doctor if the symptom persists. After ejaculation, the latter part of the ejaculated semen coagulates immediately, forming globules, while the earlier part of the ejaculate typically does not. After

1296-484: Is 精子 (pinyin: jīng zǐ, literally: basic element of essence/jing), two modern terms with classical referents. In Ayurveda , semen is said to be made from forty drops of blood. It is considered to be the end of the food digestion cycle. One of the key aspects of Hindu religion is abstinence called brahmacharya . It can be lifelong or during a specific period or on specific days. Brahmacharya attaches great importance to semen retention. Many yogic texts also indicate

1350-523: The Logos spermatikos ("seminal word") as the principle of active reason that fecundated passive matter . The Jewish philosopher Philo similarly spoke in sexual terms of the Logos as the masculine principle of reason that sowed seeds of virtue in the feminine soul. The Christian Platonist Clement of Alexandria likened the Logos to physical blood as the "substance of the soul", and noted that some held "that

1404-781: The allotropes of carbon, cyanide derivatives not containing an organic residue (e.g., KCN , (CN) 2 , BrCN , cyanate anion OCN , etc.), and heavier analogs thereof (e.g., cyaphide anion CP , CSe 2 , COS ; although carbon disulfide CS 2 is often classed as an organic solvent). Halides of carbon without hydrogen (e.g., CF 4 and CClF 3 ), phosgene ( COCl 2 ), carboranes , metal carbonyls (e.g., nickel tetracarbonyl ), mellitic anhydride ( C 12 O 9 ), and other exotic oxocarbons are also considered inorganic by some authorities. Nickel tetracarbonyl ( Ni(CO) 4 ) and other metal carbonyls are often volatile liquids, like many organic compounds, yet they contain only carbon bonded to

1458-704: The ancient world". In some cultures, semen is considered to have special properties associated with masculinity . Several tribes of Papua New Guinea , including the Sambia and the Etoro , believe that semen promotes sexual maturation among the younger men of their tribe. To them, semen possesses the manly nature of the tribal elders, and in order to pass down their authority and powers, younger men of their next generation must fellate their elders and ingest their semen. Prepubescent and postpubescent males are required to engage in this practice. This act may also be associated with

1512-412: The animal semen is substantially foam of its blood". Clement reflected an early Christian view that "the seed ought not be wasted nor scattered thoughtlessly nor sown in a way it cannot grow." Women were believed to have their own version, which was stored in the womb and released during climax. Retention was believed to cause female hysteria . In ancient Greek religion as a whole, semen is considered

1566-431: The cause. In rare circumstances, humans can develop an allergy to semen, called human seminal plasma sensitivity. It appears as a typical localized or systemic allergic response upon contact with seminal fluid. There is no one protein in semen responsible for the reaction. Symptoms can appear after first intercourse or after subsequent intercourse. A semen allergy can be distinguished from a latex allergy by determining if

1620-442: The collection of semen in efforts for conservation of a particular breed. Depending on the species , spermatozoa can fertilize ova externally or internally. In external fertilization , the spermatozoa fertilize the ova directly, outside of the female's sexual organs. Female fish , for example, spawn ova into their aquatic environment, where they are fertilized by the semen of the male fish. Internal fertilization occurs inside

1674-446: The culturally active homosexuality throughout these and other tribes. Semen ingestion has had central importance in some cultures around the world. In Baruya culture, there is a secret ritual in which boys give fellatio to young males and drink their semen, to "re-engender themselves before marriage". There are several sexual practices involving the ingestion of semen, which may be done with one or more partners. Practices involving

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1728-432: The ductal fluid by reabsorbing some fluid. Once the semen enters the ductus epididymis the principal cells, which contain pinocytotic vessels indicating fluid reabsorption, secrete glycerophosphocholine which most likely inhibits premature capacitation . The accessory genital ducts, the seminal vesicle , prostate glands , and the bulbourethral glands , produce most of the seminal fluid. Seminal plasma of humans contains

1782-789: The early Christian heretic-hunter Epiphanius of Salamis in his Panarion . Epiphanius claims that the Borborites had a sacred text called the Greater Questions of Mary , which contained an episode in which, during a post-resurrection appearance, Jesus took Mary Magdalene to the top of a mountain, where he pulled a woman out of his side and engaged in sexual intercourse with her. Then, upon ejaculating , Jesus drank his own semen and told Mary, "Thus we must do, that we may live." Upon hearing this, Mary instantly fainted, to which Jesus responded by helping her up and telling her, "O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt?" This story

1836-938: The evidence of covalent Fe-C bonding in cementite , a major component of steel, places it within this broad definition of organometallic, yet steel and other carbon-containing alloys are seldom regarded as organic compounds. Thus, it is unclear whether the definition of organometallic should be narrowed, whether these considerations imply that organometallic compounds are not necessarily organic, or both. Metal complexes with organic ligands but no carbon-metal bonds (e.g., (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 Cu ) are not considered organometallic; instead, they are called metal-organic compounds (and might be considered organic). The relatively narrow definition of organic compounds as those containing C-H bonds excludes compounds that are (historically and practically) considered organic. Neither urea CO(NH 2 ) 2 nor oxalic acid (COOH) 2 are organic by this definition, yet they were two key compounds in

1890-409: The female's sexual organs after a male inseminates a female through copulation . In most vertebrates , including amphibians , reptiles , birds and monotreme mammals, copulation is achieved through the physical mating of the cloaca of the male and female. In marsupial and placental mammals , copulation occurs through the vagina . In macropods , semen coagulates and forms a mating plug in

1944-449: The growth of their bodies. Nourishment that would otherwise make the body grow is diverted to the production of semen. Aristotle is saying that at this stage the body is still growing; it is best for sexual activity to begin when its growth is 'no longer abundant', for when the body is more or less at full height, the transformation of nourishment into semen does not drain the body of needed material." Additionally, "Aristotle tells us that

1998-404: The high pressure and temperature degradation of organic matter underground over geological timescales. This ultimate derivation notwithstanding, organic compounds are no longer defined as compounds originating in living things, as they were historically. In chemical nomenclature, an organyl group , frequently represented by the letter R, refers to any monovalent substituent whose open valence

2052-434: The importance of semen retention and there are specific asanas and Bandhas for it like Mula Bandana and Aswini Mudra. In Ancient Greece , Aristotle remarked on the importance of semen: "For Aristotle, semen is the residue derived from nourishment, that is of blood, that has been highly concocted to the optimum temperature and substance. This can only be emitted by the male as only the male, by nature of his very being, has

2106-484: The longest reported successful storage with this method is 21 years. Semen can transmit many sexually transmitted infections and pathogens , including viruses like HIV and Ebola . Swallowing semen carries no additional risk other than those inherent in fellatio . This includes transmission risk for sexually transmitted infections such as human papillomavirus or herpes , especially for people with bleeding gums, gingivitis or open sores. Viruses in semen survive for

2160-601: The mineral mellite ( Al 2 C 6 (COO) 6 ·16H 2 O ). A slightly broader definition of the organic compound includes all compounds bearing C-H or C-C bonds. This would still exclude urea. Moreover, this definition still leads to somewhat arbitrary divisions in sets of carbon-halogen compounds. For example, CF 4 and CCl 4 would be considered by this rule to be "inorganic", whereas CHF 3 , CHCl 3 , and C 2 Cl 6 would be organic, though these compounds share many physical and chemical properties. Organic compounds may be classified in

2214-400: The oral intake of semen include: A huge variety of euphemisms and dysphemisms have been invented to describe semen. For a list of terms, see sexual slang . Slang terms for semen include cum , jizz , spunk (primarily British English ), spooge and/or splooge , load , nut , seed , and love juice . The term cum can also refer to an orgasm (when used as a verb rather than as

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2268-647: The properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry . For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts ), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide , and even hydrogen cyanide despite the fact it contains a carbon-hydrogen bond), are generally considered inorganic . Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only

2322-501: The region round the eyes was the region of the head most fruitful of seed ("most seedy" σπερματικώτατος), pointing to generally recognised effects upon the eyes of sexual indulgence and to practices which imply that seed comes from liquid in the region of the eyes." This may be explained by the belief of the Pythagoreans that "semen is a drop of the brain [τὸ δε σπέρμα εἶναι σταγόνα ἐγκέφαλου]." Greek Stoic philosophy conceived of

2376-441: The requisite heat to concoct blood into semen." According to Aristotle, there is a direct connection between food and semen: "Sperms are the excretion of our food, or to put it more clearly, as the most perfect component of our food." The connection between food and physical growth, on the one hand, and semen, on the other, allows Aristotle to warn against "engag[ing] in sexual activity at too early an age ... [since] this will affect

2430-494: The seminal plasma attempt to compensate for this hostile environment. Basic amines such as putrescine , spermine , spermidine and cadaverine are responsible for the smell and flavor of semen. These alkaline bases counteract and buffer the acidic environment of the vaginal canal, and protect DNA inside the sperm from acidic denaturation. The components and contributions of semen are as follows: A 1992 World Health Organization report described normal human semen as having

2484-465: The sexual organs during sexual excitement. The ensuing orgasm and ejaculation will then finally expel the energy from the system completely. The Chinese proverb 一滴精，十滴血 (pinyin: yì dī jīng, shí dī xuè, literally: a drop of semen is equal to ten drops of blood) illustrates this point. The scientific term for semen in Chinese is 精液 (pinyin: jīng yè, literally: fluid of essence/jing) and the term for sperm

2538-413: The survival of spermatozoa and provide a medium through which they can move or "swim". The fluid is adapted to be discharged deep into the vagina , so the spermatozoa can pass into the uterus and form a zygote with an egg. Semen is collected from animals for artificial insemination or cryoconservation of genetic material. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a practice that calls for

2592-627: The symptoms disappear with use of a condom . Desensitization treatments are often very successful. Among numerous species in the animal kingdom, females may benefit from absorbing nutrients and proteins from seminal fluid for food, antiviral and antibacterial properties, and enhanced fertilisation. In humans, seminal fluid provides anti-viral activity towards herpes simplex virus and can transfer anti-microbial peptides cathelicidin and lactoferrin . In birds and mammals, mutalistic bacteria such as Lactobacillus have been detected in fluid transferral. Qigong and Chinese medicine place huge emphasis on

2646-422: The vagina after copulation. During the process of ejaculation , sperm passes through the ejaculatory ducts and mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles , the prostate , and the bulbourethral glands to form the semen. The seminal vesicles produce a yellowish viscous fluid rich in fructose and other substances that makes up about 70% of human semen. The prostatic secretion, influenced by dihydrotestosterone,

2700-589: The vitalism debate. However, the IUPAC Blue Book on organic nomenclature specifically mentions urea and oxalic acid as organic compounds. Other compounds lacking C-H bonds but traditionally considered organic include benzenehexol , mesoxalic acid , and carbon tetrachloride . Mellitic acid , which contains no C-H bonds, is considered a possible organic compound in Martian soil. Terrestrially, it, and its anhydride, mellitic anhydride , are associated with

2754-500: Was "a divine substance, endowed on humanity by Enki ", the god of water. The semen of a god was believed to have magical generative powers. In Sumerian mythology , when Enki's seed was planted in the ground, it caused the spontaneous growth of eight previously nonexistent plants. Enki was believed to have created the Tigris and Euphrates rivers by masturbating and ejaculating into their empty riverbeds . The Sumerians believed that rain

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2808-445: Was known to occur only in the urine of living organisms. Wöhler's experiments were followed by many others, in which increasingly complex "organic" substances were produced from "inorganic" ones without the involvement of any living organism, thus disproving vitalism. Although vitalism has been discredited, scientific nomenclature retains the distinction between organic and inorganic compounds. The modern meaning of organic compound

2862-511: Was supposedly the basis for the Borborite Eucharist ritual, in which they allegedly engaged in orgies and drank semen and menstrual blood as the "body and blood of Christ" respectively. Bart D. Ehrman , a scholar of early Christianity, casts doubt on the accuracy of Epiphanius's summary, commenting that "the details of Epiphanius's description sound very much like what you can find in the ancient rumor mill about secret societies in

2916-402: Was the semen of the sky-god An , which fell from the heavens to inseminate his consort, the earth-goddess Ki , causing her to give birth to all the plants of the earth. The orchid 's twin bulbs were thought to resemble the testicles , which is the etymology of the disease orchiditis . There was an ancient Roman belief that the flower sprang from the spilled semen of copulating satyrs . In

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