Member State of the Arab League
29-710: The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the drafting of the new constitution following the National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005 . The Iraqi Interim Government itself took the place of the Coalition Provisional Authority (and the Iraq Interim Governing Council ) on June 28, 2004, and
58-485: A $ 285,000 reward for anyone who could kill Iyad Allawi. In August, Allawi closed the Iraqi office of Al Jazeera for thirty days. His minister Hoshiyar Zebari deplored the "one-sided and biased coverage" and declared that the interim government "will not allow some people to hide behind the slogan of freedom of the press and media." Allawi also appointed ex-Baathist and former Saddam intelligence officer Ibrahim Janabi as
87-576: A moderate Shia (a member of Iraq's majority faith) chosen for his secular background and ties to the United States. However, his image has been undermined with the media suggesting that Allawi was Washington's puppet . After his interim government assumed legal custody of Saddam Hussein and re-introduced capital punishment , Allawi gave assurances that he would not interfere with the trial and would accept any court decisions. In an interview with Dubai -based TV station al-Arabiya he said: "As for
116-510: A new counter-terrorist intelligence unit, the General Security Directorate . Allawi vowed to crush the Iraqi insurgency, saying he would "annihilate those terrorist groups". On July 17, The Sydney Morning Herald alleged that one week before the handover of sovereignty, Allawi himself summarily executed six suspected insurgents at a Baghdad police station. The allegations are backed up by two independent sources and
145-622: The 2003 invasion of Iraq . The decision of the Turkish parliament to do so, at the time, was seen as both a response against American interests in the Middle East , and a desire to keep Turkey out of the Iraq War. The Turkish government, however, allowed all humanitarian flights into and out of Turkey, such as the airlifting of wounded coalition forces. In March 2006, British newspaper, The Independent , reported that companies based within
174-668: The Arab League . Jordan assisted in training of Iraqi security forces , and the United Arab Emirates donated military equipment, though purchased from Switzerland. As of September 2008, over 545,000 Iraqi security forces have been trained. In November 2006, the United Nations Security Council voted to extend the mandate of the multinational force in Iraq until the end of 2007. The move
203-536: The Coalition forces , was a U.S.-led military command during the Iraq War from 2004 to 2009. The vast majority of MNF-I was made up of United States Army forces. However it also supervised British; Australian; Polish; Spanish; and other countries' forces. It replaced the previous force, Combined Joint Task Force 7 , on 15 May 2004. It was significantly reinforced during the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 . MNF-I
232-599: The Iraqi Army and the Iraqi Police . The MNF-I's objectives, as expressed in an annex to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546 , a June 2004 letter from U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell to the U.N. Security Council, were stated to be: The MNF under unified command is prepared to continue to contribute to the maintenance of security in Iraq, including by preventing and deterring terrorism and protecting
261-518: The United Kingdom had received at least £1.1bn in contracts for reconstruction work in post-invasion Iraq . When U.S. forces withdrew in December 2011, 4,804 coalition military personnel had been killed in Iraq. This list, which includes withdrawn countries, lists those deaths. Falah al-Naqib Falah Hassan al-Naqib ( Arabic : فلاح حسن النقيب ) is an Iraqi politician and was
290-549: The Iraqi cabinet. The majority of Iraqi parliamentarians wanted it to be made into a binding international agreement rather than simply presenting it as a local Iraqi law. A compromise was reached and the law passed on December 23, 2008, with the Iraqi government agreeing to then sign bilateral agreements with the affected countries. Total invasion deployment Multi-National Force – Iraq units [REDACTED] Norway – contributed with ARTHUR counter-battery radar systems, which pointed out 1,500 bombing targets during"
319-685: The Minister of Interior under the Iraqi Interim Government . Born in 1956 in Samarra , he is a Sunni Arab . He trained in the United States as a civil engineer. His father, General Hassan al-Naqib , defected in the 1970s and became an active opposition member in exile. An ally of Interim Prime Minister Iyad Allawi , he was named the governor of Salah ad Din Governorate after the fall of Saddam Hussein , then he became
SECTION 10
#1732766092590348-559: The United States. Many MNF-I member countries had received monetary gain, among other incentives from the United States, in return for their sending of military forces to Iraq, or otherwise supporting coalition forces during the Iraq War. Georgia , is believed to have sent soldiers to Iraq as an act of repayment for U.S. training of security forces that could potentially be deployed to the break-away regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia . Indeed, Georgian troops that were sent to Iraq have all undergone these training programs. Turkey
377-460: The agreement, the Iraqi government would have given the U.S. until July 31, 2010 to withdraw completely. On December 18, 2008 the Iraqi government published a law that covered the status of non-U.S. foreign forces in the country from the end of the U.N.'s mandate on December 31, 2008 through to their withdrawal on July 31, 2009. The Iraqi parliament voted on Saturday December 20, 2008, after a second reading of this law, to reject it and send it back to
406-425: The country until 2011, but changed the status on several issues. Iraq regains sovereignty of its airspace, gains sovereignty over American contractors U.S. forces who commit crimes, if they are both off-duty and off base. The U.S. were given until July 31, 2009 to withdraw from Iraqi cities and the whole agreement was subject to a referendum of Iraqi voters held prior to June 30, 2009. If the referendum failed to approve
435-467: The decision was reached largely on the advice of United Nations special envoy to Iraq, Lakhdar Brahimi , the New York Times reported that Brahimi only endorsed him reluctantly after pressure from U.S. officials, including Paul Bremer , the former US Iraqi Administrator. Two weeks later, Brahimi announced his resignation, due to "great difficulties and frustration." Allawi is often described as
464-430: The execution is said to have taken place in presence of about a dozen Iraqi police, four American security men and Interior Minister Falah al-Naqib . Allawi reportedly said that the execution was to "send a clear message to the police on how to deal with insurgents." Both Allawi's office and Naqib have denied the report. US ambassador John Negroponte did not clearly deny the allegations. On July 18, Iraqi militants offered
493-498: The execution, that is for the court to decide—so long as a decision is reached impartially and fairly." In early July 2004, Allawi issued an unprecedented statement claiming that the Iraqi interim government had provided intelligence for the U.S. air strikers with 500 and 1000 pound (220 and 450 kg) bombs on Fallujah in July. Later he announced new security measures, including the right to impose martial law and curfews , as well as
522-518: The first days of the war (the British minister of defence, Geoff Hoon , thanked Norway for its "robust" contribution). In early March 2007, Multi-National Force – Iraq announced that it had launched an official YouTube channel for the first time. The channel's videos have over eight million views. The stated purpose of the YouTube channel is to "document action as it appeared to personnel on
551-644: The ground and in the air as it was shot." The video clips posted to the site are edited for "time, security reasons, and/or overly disturbing or offensive images." Critics of the war have argued that, in addition to direct incentives, the involvement of other members of the coalition was in response for indirect benefits, such as support for North Atlantic Treaty Organization membership or other military and financial aid. Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet , stated in April 2006, that Estonian military forces were to remain in Iraq due to Estonia's "important partnership" with
580-783: The head of the Higher Media Commission, a regulator of Iraq's media. The banning of Al Jazeera was widely criticised in the Arab world and the West, for example by Reporters Sans Frontières who called it "a serious blow to press freedom". The negotiations that followed the fighting between Muqtada al-Sadr's militia and joint US/Iraqi forces in Najaf ended when Allawi withdrew his emissary Mouwaffaq al-Rubaie on August 14. An al-Sadr spokesman alleged that they "had agreed with Rubaie on all points but Allawi called him back and he ended
609-418: The issue." Allawi has been heavily criticised by members of his own government. Justice minister Malik Dohan al-Hassan resigned over the issue of an arrest warrant of Ahmed Chalabi . Vice president Ibrahim al-Jafari commented on the attacks against al-Sadr: "War is the worst choice, and it is only used by a bad politician." Another Iraqi official said: "There are brush fires burning out of control all over
SECTION 20
#1732766092590638-670: The new government operated under the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period . Allawi was a former member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council and was chosen by the council to be the Interim Prime Minister of Iraq to govern the country beginning with the United States' handover of sovereignty (June 28, 2004) until national elections, scheduled for early 2005. Although many believe
667-636: The place from terrorists and insurgents, and he starts a new bonfire in Najaf." While the strategy of "eliminat[ing] Moqtada Sadr's political movement" by "crushing his military power" instead of integrating him into the political process received mostly praise in the West, the Arab press levelled harsh criticism of Allawi's handling of the Najaf situation. As appointed on 28 June 2004: Multinational force in Iraq The Multi-National Force – Iraq ( MNF–I ), often referred to as
696-411: The pleasure of the United States and other coalition countries and considered it a U.S. puppet government , whose military forces still remain in Iraq. The government's head of government was Prime Minister Iyad Allawi and his deputy was the influential and charismatic Barham Salih . The ceremonial head of state was President Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer . Absent a permanent constitution,
725-625: The territory of Iraq. The goal of the MNF will be to help the Iraqi people to complete the political transition and will permit the United Nations and the international community to work to facilitate Iraq ' s reconstruction. The majority of countries that deployed forces to Iraq generally confined them to their respective military installations, due to widespread violence throughout the country. The government of Iraq enjoyed broad international recognition, including from constituent countries of
754-553: Was offered approximately $ 8.5 billion in loans in exchange for sending 10,000 peacekeeping troops in 2003. Even though the United States did say the loans and the sending of troops to Iraq were not directly linked, it also said the loans are contingent upon "cooperation" on Iraq. The Turkish government swiftly rejected all offers of financial aid, and on March 1, 2003, the Turkish Grand National Assembly rejected sending military forces to help participate in
783-489: Was reorganized into its successor, United States Forces – Iraq , on 1 January 2010. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq , which does humanitarian work and has a number of guards and military observers, has also operated in Iraq since 2003. The U.N. Assistance Mission in Iraq was not a part of the MNF-I, but a separate entity. The NATO Training Mission – Iraq , was in Iraq from 2004 to December 2011, where it trained
812-552: Was replaced by the Iraqi Transitional Government on May 3, 2005. The Iraqi Interim Government was recognized by the U.S. , the United Nations , the Arab League and several other countries as being the sovereign government of Iraq (see Iraqi sovereignty for more information). The U.S. retained significant de facto power in the country and critics contend that the government existed only at
841-614: Was requested by the Iraqi government , which said the troops were needed for another year while it built up its own security forces . In December 2007, the Security Council unanimously approved resolution 1790 , which extended the mandate until December 31, 2008. In December 2008, the American and Iraqi governments signed the U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement , which covered only American troops. It allowed them to remain in
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