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26-398: Mount Ishizuchi is the highest mountain on the island of Shikoku and also the highest mountain west of Mount Haku . It is known as 'the roof of Shikoku' and the sharp, rocky summit resembles a huge stone hammer ( 石鎚 , ishizuchi ) . Mount Ishizuchi is an important object of worship in this region and one of the major centers of Shugendō , a sect of mixture of Shinto and Buddhism. At

52-514: A southern part facing the Pacific Ocean. The Hydrangea hirta species can be found in these mountain ranges. Most of the 3.8 million inhabitants live in the north, and all but one of the island's few larger cities are located there. Mount Ishizuchi ( 石鎚山 ) in Ehime at 1,982 m (6,503 ft) is the highest mountain on the island. Industry is moderately well developed and includes

78-439: A type of deep-fried tofu pockets seasoned with sugar, mirin, and soy sauce. A thin slice of kamaboko , a halfmoon-shaped fish cake, is often added. Shichimi can be added to taste. Another specialty is Kōchi 's signature dish, seared bonito . The warm climate of Shikoku lends itself to the cultivation of citrus fruits. As a result, yuzu , mikan and other citrus fruits are plentiful on Shikoku and have become synonymous with

104-433: Is Matsuyama (population: 507,137) and is the capital of Ehime Prefecture . Shikoku is the main island with the third largest population density, at 193 inhabitants per square kilometre (500/sq mi). Per Japanese census data, and, Shikoku region's peak population was at 1950 and has had negative population growth from 1950 to 1970 and 1990 onward. Shikoku has historically been quite isolated and therefore it has kept

130-530: Is also famous for its 88-temple pilgrimage of temples. The pilgrimage was established by the Heian-period Buddhist priest Kūkai , a native of present-day Zentsūji-cho in Kagawa prefecture. According to legend, Kūkai still appears to pilgrims today. Most modern-day pilgrims travel by bus, rarely choosing the old-fashioned method of going by foot. They are seen wearing white jackets emblazoned with

156-454: Is the largest of Japan's islands to completely lack them. But Shikoku did experience volcanic activity in the distant prehistoric past; a major volcanic caldera in the area of Mount Ishizuchi was active during the Miocene around 14 million years ago and the small volcanic cone of Mount Iino at an unknown date. Shikoku has a total population of 3,630,320 in 2022. The largest city

182-469: Is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan . It is 225 km or 139.8 mi long and between 50 and 150 km or 31.1 and 93.2 mi at its widest. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu . Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima ( 伊予之二名島 ) , Iyo-shima ( 伊予島 ) , and Futana-shima ( 二名島 ) , and its current name refers to

208-614: The Kansai area which has a large population, including the large conurbations of Osaka , Kyoto , and Kobe . Therefore, the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway carries a large traffic volume. Many highway buses are operated between Kansai and Tokushima Prefecture . The central part of Shikoku is connected to Honshu by ferry, air, and – since 1988 – by the Great Seto Bridge network. Until completion of

234-784: The Oboke Koboke sections of the river. Shikoku has four important capes: Gamōda in Anan, Tokushima on the easternmost point on the island, Sada in Ikata, Ehime on the westernmost point. Muroto in Muroto, Kōchi and Ashizuri, the southern extreme of Shikoku, in Tosashimizu, Kōchi , jut into the Pacific Ocean. The island's northernmost point is in Takamatsu . Unlike the other three major islands of Japan, Shikoku has no active volcanoes, and

260-409: The bridges, the region was isolated from the rest of Japan. The freer movement between Honshu and Shikoku was expected to promote economic development on both sides of the bridges, which has not materialized yet. Within the island, a web of national highways connects the major population centers. These include Routes 11 , 32 , 33 , 55 , and 56 . The Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku) serves

286-622: The characters reading dōgyō ninin ( 同行二人 ) meaning "two traveling together". Tokushima Prefecture also has its annual Awa Odori running in August at the time of the Obon festival, which attracts thousands of tourists each year from all over Japan and from abroad. Kōchi Prefecture is home to the first annual Yosakoi festival. The largest festival in Kōchi, it takes place in August every year and attracts dancers and tourists from all over Japan. One of

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312-540: The diet in Kagawa Prefecture (formerly Sanuki Province) in the Edo period . The larger southern area of Shikoku is mountainous and sparsely populated. The only significant lowland is a small alluvial plain at Kōchi , the prefectural capital. The area's mild winters stimulated some truck farming , specializing in growing out-of-season vegetables under plastic covering. Two crops of rice can be cultivated annually in

338-494: The four former provinces that make up the island: Awa , Tosa , Sanuki , and Iyo . Shikoku Island, comprising Shikoku and its surrounding islands, covers about 18,800 square kilometres (7,259 sq mi) and consists of four prefectures : Ehime , Kagawa , Kōchi , and Tokushima . Across the Seto Inland Sea lie Wakayama , Osaka , Hyōgo , Okayama , Hiroshima , and Yamaguchi Prefectures on Honshu . To

364-903: The island and connects to Honshu via the Great Seto Bridge . JR lines include: Private railway lines operate in each of the four prefectures on Shikoku. Shikoku lacks a full international airport but has four regional/domestic airports ( Tokushima Airport , Takamatsu Airport , Kōchi Ryōma Airport and Matsuyama Airport ). All of these airports have flights to Tokyo and other major Japanese cities such as Osaka , Nagoya , Sapporo , and Fukuoka . International flights to Seoul , South Korea are serviced by Asiana Airlines from Matsuyama and Takamatsu . There are periodic international charter flights as well. Sea Travel Ferries link Shikoku to destinations including Honshu, Kyushu , and islands around Shikoku. 33°45′N 133°30′E  /  33.750°N 133.500°E  / 33.750; 133.500 Sanuki udon Sanuki udon ( 讃岐うどん ) has been

390-403: The major foods of Shikoku is udon . Udon is often served hot as a noodle soup in its simplest form, as kake udon , in a mildly flavoured broth called kakejiru , which is made of dashi , soy sauce ( shōyu ), and mirin . It is usually topped with thinly chopped scallions. Other common toppings include tempura , often prawn or kakiage (a type of mixed tempura fritter ), or aburaage ,

416-733: The major teams competing in Shikoku's major cities include: Two time darts Women's World Champion Mikuru Suzuki is a native of Takamatsu in Kagawa Prefecture on Shikoku. Shikoku is connected to Honshu by three expressways , which together form the Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project . The eastern gateway to Shikoku, Naruto in Tokushima Prefecture has been linked to the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway since 1998. This line connects Shikoku to

442-418: The original characteristics of Japan for a longer period, especially in regards to vegetation and some architectural techniques. There are many Buddhist temples. The "lost" Shikoku has been described by an American writer, Alex Kerr , who lived in a remote mountain village near Oboke (大歩危) for many years from 1970 onwards. Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park is located in the south-west part of Shikoku. Shikoku

468-509: The peak along a trail which includes stairs and ramps with handrails. The climbing season opens every year on July 1, and women are forbidden from climbing the mountain on this day. Between mid-October and mid-November, people come from far and wide to view the autumn colours . The area around Mount Ishizuchi is a major part of Ishizuchi Quasi-National Park . Shikoku Shikoku ( 四国 , Shikoku , lit.   ' four provinces ' ) , Japanese pronunciation: [ɕikokɯ]

494-607: The previous name of the Kagawa Prefecture, Sanuki Province . It has been featured in the 2016 anime, Poco's Udon World . Udon is a particularly popular dish in Kagawa prefecture . As of 2016, along with soba , the prefecture had the highest amount of such noodle shops per capita in all of Japan, as well as the highest wheat usage for udon noodles. Sanuki udon is a successful example of regional branding, as it has brought benefits such as increases in tourism, local udon production, and increased name recognition and attention. It

520-444: The processing of ores from the important Besshi copper mine . Land is used intensively. Wide alluvial areas, especially in the eastern part of the zone, are planted with rice and subsequently are double-cropped with winter wheat and barley. Fruit is grown throughout the northern area in great variety, including citrus fruits, persimmons, peaches, and grapes. Because of wheat production, Sanuki udon ( 讃岐うどん ) became an important part of

546-433: The regions they are grown in. Pioneering natural farmer Masanobu Fukuoka , author of The One-Straw Revolution , developed his methods here on his family's farm. Historically no Shikoku-based sports team has competed in the top Japanese division of baseball , football (soccer) or even rugby union . However, Tokushima Vortis have had two spells in the top flight of Japanese soccer ( J1 ) in 2014 and 2021. Currently

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572-531: The southern area. The pulp and paper industry took advantage of the abundant forests and hydroelectric power. The major river in Shikoku is the Yoshino River . It runs 196 km (121.8 mi) from its source close to Mount Ishizuchi , flowing basically west to east across the northern boundaries of Kōchi and Tokushima Prefectures, reaching the sea at the city of Tokushima. The Yoshino is famous for Japan's best white-water rafting, with trips going along

598-562: The text "sanuki" in hiragana ( さぬき ) appearing in the name of the shop or on the sign. It is usually served as noodle soup or kamaage (udon) in which the noodles are served in plain hot water and eaten with dipping sauce. Originally popularized in the Kagawa Prefecture of Japan , nowadays various types of dashi is applied to the broth outside of Kagawa which varies in strength and flavor across Japan, such as made with more costly Katsuobushi . Sanuki udon are named after

624-466: The top of the mountain there is a small shrine called the Ishizuchi Shrine. This mountain is also known as one of Seven Holy Mountains ( 七霊山 , nana reizan ) . There are several sets of heavy iron chains ( 鎖 , kusari ) leading up to the summit and this is the route many pilgrims opt to take, the longest set being 68 metres (223 ft). However, it is possible to hike all the way to

650-571: The type of udon noodle most popular in the Kagawa prefecture in Japan, but is now easily found throughout the neighboring Kansai region and much of Japan. It is characterized by its square shape and flat edges with rather chewy texture, and in an authentic sense, ingredients should be from among those local specialties as wheat flour, Niboshi dried young sardines to cook broth for soup and dipping sauce. Many udon shops now specialize solely in sanuki-style chewy udon, and are usually identified by

676-408: The west lie Ōita and Miyazaki Prefectures on Kyushu . Shikoku is ranked as the 50th largest island by area in the world. Additionally, it is ranked as the 23rd most populated island in the world, with a population density of 193 inhabitants per square kilometre (500/sq mi). Mountains running east and west divide Shikoku into a narrow northern subregion, fronting on the Seto Inland Sea , and

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