101-533: Isle Royale National Park is a national park of the United States consisting of Isle Royale , along with more than 400 small adjacent islands and the surrounding waters of Lake Superior , in Michigan . Isle Royale is 45 mi (72 km) long and 9 mi (14 km) wide, with an area of 206.73 sq mi (535.4 km), making it the fourth-largest lake island in the world. In addition, it
202-723: A UNESCO International Biosphere Reserve in 1980, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2019 as the Minong Traditional Cultural Property . The park covers 894 sq mi (2,320 km), with 209 sq mi (540 km) of land and 685 sq mi (1,770 km) of surrounding waters. The park's northern boundary lies adjacent to the Canadian Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area along
303-580: A historic district designation. The Memorial Union was designed by OSU alum and renowned Oregon architect, Lee Arden Thomas . It has been recognized as "one of the finest examples of neoclassical architecture in Oregon." In 2016 OSU completed the construction of a 10-acre branch campus in Bend . This campus is called OSU-Cascades and offers students living in Oregon's central region an opportunity to attend select classes closer to their homes. As of 2023,
404-484: A "comprehensive doctoral with medical/veterinary" university. It is one of three such universities in the Pacific Northwest to be classified in this category. In 2006, Carnegie also recognized OSU as having "very high research activity", making it the only university in Oregon to attain these combined classifications. OSU was one of the early members of the federal Space Grant program. Designated in 1991,
505-513: A $ 2.06 billion economic footprint. $ 1.93 billion of this total was in the state of Oregon. Corvallis is Oregon's 9th-largest city. It is a relatively small community and many of the local events have a strong connection to the university. OSU has over 400 active student organizations and groups. The campus is only a few hours' driving distance from any number of outdoor recreation opportunities. Several federal and state natural forests and parks are popular student destinations. These include
606-462: A barge could come to retrieve it, promised in no more than 3 months' time. They were dropped off in July and were left stranded there until the following spring. They were left with minimal provisions, which consisted of a half-barrel of flour, six pounds of butter, and some beans. A supply boat was promised to arrive after the first few weeks, but it was never sent out. The full events were chronicled in
707-592: A chair/head/director who oversees program coordinators. Each school or department is responsible for academic programs leading to degrees, certificates, options or minors. The OSU Educational Extension is a section for non-students and adult education . The OSU Extension service is an agricultural extension established on July 24, 1911, under the leadership of Vice Provost Ivory W. Lyles (OSU Extension Service Administration). There are OSU Extension offices, Combined Experiment & Oregon Agricultural Experiment Stations , and Branch Experiment Stations located throughout
808-475: A destination, and hunting and extractive activities are prohibited. National monuments , on the other hand, are also frequently protected for their historical or archaeological significance. Eight national parks (including six in Alaska ) are paired with a national preserve , areas with different levels of protection that are administered together but considered separate units and whose areas are not included in
909-441: A footnote as told by Angelique, in the first printing of a book called "The Honorable Peter White" by Ralph D. Williams in 1907; Angelique's story was pulled from the subsequent printing, thus making it the only written record that survives. Humans have not normally settled year-round on Isle Royale. For about three thousand years, Native Americans used the land for copper and fish. These Native Americans usually limited their visits to
1010-581: A goal of $ 625 million. Donors exceeded the goal in October 2010 nearly a year ahead of schedule, resulting in a goal increase to $ 850 million. In March 2012, the goal was raised to $ 1 billion. At OSU's annual State of the University address in Portland on January 31, 2014, President Edward J. Ray announced that campaign contributions had passed $ 1 billion, making OSU one of 35 public universities to cross
1111-541: A land-grant university initially, OSU became one of the four inaugural members of the Sea Grant in 1971. Memberships in the Space Grant and Sun Grant research consortias were awarded in 1991 and 2003, making it one of only three schools in the nation to be designated a land, sun, sea and space grant university. OSU received a record high $ 449.9 million in research funding for the 2022 fiscal year and has ranked as
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#17327733992481212-461: A private hunting preserve in the early 1900s. The cultural evidence that moose were trapped in northwestern Minnesota and transported to Isle Royale seemed unlikely until decades later when genetic evidence revealed the moose on Isle Royale were more closely related to moose in the far northwestern Minnesota/Manitoba border area than the mainland adjacent to Isle Royale in far northeastern Minnesota bordering Ontario. Further evidence has also shown that
1313-454: A resource for K-12 educators and the public. OSU's agriculture, oceanography and marine science students have an opportunity to serve as summer interns at the Newport campus, while post-graduate students participate in a wide array of research programs year-around. A $ 16.5 million project to build a 34,000-square-foot dormitory for OSU's post-graduate students, staff and visiting professionals
1414-505: A small tent. Some tent sites with space for groups of up to 10 are available, and are used for overflow if all the individual sites are filled. The only amenities at the campgrounds are pit toilets , picnic tables, and fire-rings at specific areas. Campfires are not permitted at most campgrounds; gas or alcohol camp stoves are recommended. Drinking and cooking water must be drawn from local water sources (Lake Superior and inland lakes) and filtered, treated, or boiled to avoid parasites. Hunting
1515-418: A survey found 385 moose and 21 wolves in 3 packs. In spring 2008, 23 wolves and approximately 650 moose were counted. However, recent reductions in winter pack ice had ended replenishment of the wolf population from the mainland. Due to genetic inbreeding, the wolf population had declined to two individuals in 2016, causing researchers to expect that the island's wolf population would eventually become extinct. At
1616-611: A top-10-ranking since 2015. In 2021 College Choice ranked the Ecampus college of liberal arts program the best in the nation. The same faculty teaching on campus also teach many of their programs and courses online through the Oregon State University Ecampus website. Students who pursue an online education at Oregon State earn the same diploma and transcript as on-campus students. In 2017, Oregon State University's Portland headquarters were relocated to
1717-515: A two-week circumnavigation hike. Some of the hiking trails are quite challenging, with steep grades. The Greenstone Ridge is a high ridge in the center of the island and carries the longest trail in the park, the Greenstone Ridge Trail , which runs 40 mi (64 km) from one end of the island to the other. This is generally done as a 4 or 5 day hike. A boat shuttle can carry hikers back to their starting point. The trail leads to
1818-560: A volunteer board of trustees. It holds net assets exceeding $ 1 billion and manages most of the university's composite endowment, valued at more than $ 827 million. In October 2022, the Foundation publicly launched Believe It: The Campaign for OSU, the university’s second comprehensive fundraising and engagement campaign, with a $ 1.75 billion goal for student and faculty support, facilities and equipment and strategic initiatives. Donors have stepped forward with over $ 1 billion in gifts since
1919-540: Is Gateway Arch National Park , Missouri , at 192.83 acres (0.7804 km ). The total area protected by national parks is approximately 52.4 million acres (212,000 km ), for an average of 833 thousand acres (3,370 km ) but a median of only 220 thousand acres (890 km ). The national parks set a visitation record in 2021, with more than 92 million visitors. Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee has been
2020-489: Is a public land-grant research university in Corvallis, Oregon . OSU offers more than 200 undergraduate-degree programs along with a variety of graduate and doctoral degrees through all 11 colleges. It has the seventh-largest engineering college in the nation for 2023. Undergraduate enrollment for all colleges combined averages over 32,000 while an additional 5,000 students are engaged in post-graduate coursework through
2121-1049: Is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome transition zone between the true boreal forest to the north and Big Woods to the south, with characteristics of each. It has areas of both broadleaf and conifer forest cover, and bodies of water ranging from conifer bogs to swamps. Conifers include jack pines ( Pinus banksiana ), black and white spruces ( Picea mariana and Picea glauca ), balsam firs ( Abies balsamea ), and eastern redcedars ( Juniperus virginiana ). Deciduous trees include quaking aspens ( Populus tremuloides ), red oaks ( Quercus rubra ), paper birches ( Betula papyrifera ), American mountain ash ( Sorbus americana ), red maples ( Acer rubrum ), sugar maples ( Acer saccharum ), and mountain maples ( Acer spicatum ). There are over 600 species of flowering plants found in Isle Royale National Park such as wild sarsaparilla, marsh-marigold, wood lily and prickly wild rose. Isle Royale National Park
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#17327733992482222-419: Is a UNESCO International Biosphere Reserve . OSU's Open Source Lab is a nonprofit founded in 2003 and funded in part by corporate sponsors that include Facebook, Google, and IBM. The organization's goal is to advance open source technology by hiring and training students in software development and operations for large-scale coding projects. The lab hosts a number of projects, including contracted work for
2323-680: Is called 'the Minong Traditional Cultural Property.' In 1845, an Ojibwe woman named Angelique and her voyageur husband Charles Mott were left on Isle Royale, as hires for Cyrus Mendenhall and the Lake Superior Copper Company. They were hired and carried to Isle Royale by Mendenhall's schooner, the Algonquin , first to scout for copper. Angelique found a large mass of copper ore. She and her husband were hired to stay and guard it until
2424-633: Is co-leading the largest ocean science project in U.S. history. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) features a fleet of undersea gliders at six sites in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans with multiple observation platforms. CEOAS is also leading the design and construction of the next class of ocean-faring research vessels for the National Science Foundation , which will be the largest grant or contract ever received by any Oregon university. The first of three planned research vessels,
2525-492: Is heavily influenced by the cold waters of Lake Superior . According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. Potential natural vegetation Types, Isle Royale National Park has a Great Lakes Spruce / Fir ( 93 ) potential vegetation type and a Northern Conifer Forest ( 22 ) potential vegetation form. The predominant floral habitats of Isle Royale are within the Laurentian Mixed Forest Province . The area
2626-456: Is known for its timber wolf and moose populations, which are studied by scientists investigating predator-prey relationships in a closed environment. There is a cyclical relationship between the two animals: as the moose increase in population, so do the wolves. Eventually, the wolves kill too many moose and begin to starve and lower their reproductive rates. This is made easier because Isle Royale has been colonized by roughly just one third of
2727-510: Is known for relying heavily on outcome-based data to compile their rankings. In 2021, U.S. News & World Report ranked OSU tied for 139th nationally, tied for 71st top public and tied for 58th "most innovative" university in the U.S., and tied for 277th best globally. In its 2021 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranked Oregon State University's oceanography program 5th in
2828-746: Is located in McAlexander Fieldhouse, named after General Ulysses G. McAlexander , the former commander of Army ROTC. After the Second World War ended in 1945, a Department of Naval Science was added at Oregon State. Providing officer training for both the US Navy and the US Marine Corps , it became one of the largest in the nation and has earned the unofficial title "Naval Academy of the Northwest." On July 1, 1949,
2929-608: Is no weather station in the park, but the PRISM Climate Group, a project of Oregon State University , provides interpolated data for the island based on the climates of nearby areas. The island was a common hunting ground for native people from nearby Minnesota and Ontario. A canoe voyage of thirteen miles is necessary to reach the island's west end from the mainland. Large quantities of copper artifacts found in indian mounds and settlements, some dating back to 3000 B.C. , were most likely mined on Isle Royale and
3030-588: Is not permitted, but fishing is, and edible berries ( blueberries , thimbleberries ) may be picked from the trail. The park is accessible by ferries, floatplanes, and passenger ships during the summer months—from Houghton and Copper Harbor in Michigan and Grand Portage in Minnesota. Private boats travel to the island from the coasts of Michigan, Minnesota, and Ontario. Isle Royale is quite popular with day-trippers in private boats, and day-trip ferry service
3131-429: Is provided from Copper Harbor and Grand Portage to and from the park. Isle Royale is the only American national park to entirely close in the winter months, from November 1 through April 15, due to extreme weather conditions and for the safety and protection of visitors. Isle Royale is the least-visited national park in the contiguous United States , due to the winter closing and the distance across Lake Superior to reach
Isle Royale National Park - Misplaced Pages Continue
3232-660: Is relatively low in nutrients. Siskiwit Lake contains several islands, including Ryan Island, the largest. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Isle Royale National Park has a mild summer Humid continental climate ( Dfb ). According to the United States Department of Agriculture , the Plant Hardiness zone is 4b at 1178 ft (359 m) elevation with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of -24.2 °F (-31.2 °C). There
3333-602: Is the largest natural island in Lake Superior, the second-largest island in the Great Lakes (after Manitoulin Island ), the third-largest in the contiguous United States (after Long Island and Padre Island ), and the 33rd-largest island in the United States . Isle Royale National Park was established on April 3, 1940, then additionally protected from development by wilderness area designation in 1976, declared
3434-465: Is the largest university in the state and set a new record for enrollment in 2023. Close to 37,000 students attended the university during the year - the most for any Oregon university on record. For fall 2015, OSU received 14,058 freshman applications; 11,016 were admitted (78.4%) and 3,593 enrolled. Fall of 2022 brought in the largest freshman class the university had seen, with 7,146 new students. The average high school grade point average ( GPA ) of
3535-553: Is under one year). The site is shallower than PacWave South and closer to port. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences funds two research centers at OSU. The Environmental Health Sciences Center has been funded since 1969 and the Superfund Research Center has been funded since 2009. OSU administers the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest , a United States Forest Service facility dedicated to forestry and ecology research. The Andrews Forest
3636-948: The Hatfield Marine Science Center and multiple oceanographic research vessels based in Newport . In 2001, OSU's Wave Research Laboratory was designated by the National Science Foundation as a site for tsunami research under the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation. The O. H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory is on the edge of the campus and is one of the world's largest and most sophisticated laboratories for education, research and testing in coastal, ocean and related areas. Oregon State University operates two off-shore research test facilities near Newport, Oregon for commercial wave energy technology companies to stress test prototypes. The North and South PacWave Energy Test Facilities are located several miles off
3737-660: The Linux Foundation . Oregon State University is one of the few universities to have ROTC detachments for each branch of the US Military . Oregon State University Army ROTC is a distinguished program and has been taught regularly since 1873. The so-called Beaver Battalion is known as the West Point of the West for producing more commissioned officers than any other non-military school during World War II . It
3838-700: The National Park Service , an agency of the Department of the Interior . National parks are designated for their natural beauty, unique geological features, diverse ecosystems, and recreational opportunities, typically "because of some outstanding scenic feature or natural phenomena." While legislatively all units of the National Park System are considered equal with the same mission, national parks are generally larger and more of
3939-606: The Oregon Legislative Assembly designated it Oregon's Land-grant university and the "agricultural college of the state of Oregon". Acceptance of this grant required the college to comply with the requirements set forth in the Morrill Land-Grant Acts . The school was then authorized to grant Bachelor of Arts , Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts degrees. The first graduating class was in 1870, with Bachelor of Arts degrees. In 1872,
4040-601: The US Army Air Corps training branch became a separate officer training unit later known as Aerospace Science. The Oregon State Air Force ROTC draws more freshmen scholarships than any other AFROTC unit in the nation and has had over 1,000 officers commissioned. In 1977, two graduates of the OSU AFROTC became the first women pilots in the Air Force. The Army and Air Force ROTC programs at the university share
4141-478: The Washington Harbor Club , a group of well-to-do businessmen, owned various buildings on Isle Royale in addition to railroads that ran from Baudette to Duluth and Two Harbors and so had the means to transport moose from northwestern Minnesota to Two Harbors. There are usually around 25 wolves and 1000 moose on the island, but the numbers change greatly year to year. In the 2006-2007 winter,
Isle Royale National Park - Misplaced Pages Continue
4242-530: The international border . With 25,894 visits in 2021, it is the seventh least-visited National Park in the United States . In 1875, Isle Royale was split off from Keweenaw County , as a separate county, Isle Royale County . In 1897, the county was dissolved, and the island was reincorporated into Keweenaw County. The highest point on the island is Mount Desor at 1,394 ft (425 m), or about 800 ft (240 m) above lake level. Isle Royale,
4343-602: The territories of American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The state with the most national parks is California with nine, followed by Alaska with eight, Utah with five, and Colorado with four. The largest national park is Wrangell–St. Elias in Alaska: at over 8 million acres (32,375 km ), it is larger than each of the nine smallest states . The next three largest parks are also in Alaska. The smallest park
4444-519: The wolf is an elusive species which avoids human interaction. Few documented cases of direct wolf/human contact existed for most of the island's history. In the 2024 season dozens of wolf sightings were reported around the Rock Harbor area. Ermine have been periodically sighted around docks. Other mammals that can be seen include mink along the various lake shores and muskrats (occasionally) at beaver ponds. Several species of bat also exist on
4545-480: The 1800s and three more in the 1900s. As with many land-grant colleges, name changes were common around the start of the 20th century and helped schools align with the period's largest available federal grants in agricultural research. Corvallis area Freemasons played a leading role in developing the early school. Several of the university's largest buildings are named after these early founders. The school offered its first college-level curriculum in 1865, under
4646-691: The British remained in control until after the War of 1812 , and the Ojibwa peoples considered the island to be their territory. The Ojibwas ceded the island to the U.S. in the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe , with the Grand Portage Band unaware that neither they nor Isle Royale were in British territory. With the clarification to the Ojibwas of the 1842 Webster–Ashburton Treaty that was signed before
4747-629: The Corvallis campus and major work in the liberal arts and related subjects to the University of Oregon in Eugene. This was the first in a series of actions to make the curricula of the two schools separate and distinct." In 1929 the legislative assembly passed the Oregon Unification Bill, which placed Oregon's public colleges under greater oversight of the newly renamed Oregon State Board of Higher Education . A doctorate in education
4848-717: The Corvallis campus, but an increasing number of endeavors are underway at locations throughout the state and abroad. Research facilities beyond the campus include the John L. Fryer Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory in Corvallis, the Seafood Laboratory in Astoria and the Food Innovation Laboratory in Portland . The 2005 Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education recognized OSU as
4949-630: The McAlexander Fieldhouse. In 1999, OSU finished a $ 40 million remodeling of the campus library. Known as the Valley Library , the remodeled building was selected by The Library Journal as its 1999 Library of the Year, the first academic library so named. In 2023, the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) ranked Oregon State University in the top 1.4 percent out of 20,531 degree-granting institutions of higher education worldwide. The CWUR
5050-608: The National Park Service "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." Many current national parks had been previously protected as national monuments by the president under the Antiquities Act or as other designations created by Congress before being redesignated by Congress;
5151-436: The Rock Harbor marina to the cabins and hotel. Also, the National Park Service employs tractors and utility terrain vehicles to move items around the developed areas at Ozaagaateng, Rock Harbor, and Mott Island. Topsoil tends to be thin, which favors trees that have horizontal root patterns such as balsam fir , white spruce , and black spruce . Siskiwit Lake is the largest lake on the island. It has cold, clear water which
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#17327733992485252-749: The Taani, was launched in May 2023 and will be stationed in Newport, Oregon . OSU also manages nearly 11,250 acres (4,550 ha) of forest land, including the McDonald-Dunn Research Forest. In 1967 the Radiation Center was constructed at the edge of campus, housing a 1.1 MW TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor . The reactor is equipped to utilize high-assay, low-enriched ( HALEU ) uranium zirconium hydride fuel. U.S. News & World Report 's 2008 rankings placed OSU eighth in
5353-546: The Treaty of La Pointe, the Ojibwas re-affirmed the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe in the 1844 Isle Royale Agreement , with the Grand Portage Band signing the agreement as an addendum to the 1842 treaty. In the mid-1840s, a report by Douglass Houghton , Michigan's first state geologist , set off a copper boom in the state, and the first modern copper mines were opened on the island. Evidence of the earlier mining efforts
5454-804: The USGS of both unmineralized basalt and copper-mineralized rock show that a small amount of naturally occurring mercury is associated with mineralization. Native copper and chlorastrolite , the official state gem of Michigan, are secondary minerals filling pore spaces formed by vesicles and fractures within the volcanic rocks. Prehnite and agate amygdules are also plentiful island gemstones. Recreational activity on Isle Royale includes hiking , backpacking , fishing , boating , canoeing , kayaking , and observing nature. Wheeled vehicles are not permitted on Isle Royale; however, wheelchairs are allowed. The island offers approximately 170 mi (270 km) of hiking trails for everything from day hikes to
5555-403: The additional grant program made Oregon State one of only 13 schools in the United States at that time to serve as a combined Land Grant , Sea Grant and Space Grant university. The university's College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (CEOAS) operates several laboratories, including the Hatfield Marine Science Center and multiple oceanographic research vessels based in Newport . CEOAS
5656-479: The administration of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South and the school's first president, William A. Finley . On August 22, 1868, the official articles of incorporation were filed for Oregon State University, known then as Corvallis College. Two months later, on October 27, 1868, OSU was chartered as the state's first public college. To help ensure the early college would be well funded,
5757-536: The area by lighthouses at Passage Island , Rock Harbor , Rock of Ages , and Isle Royale Lighthouse on Menagerie Island. The western tip of the island is home to several shipwrecks that are very popular with scuba divers, including the SS America . The NPS Submerged Resources Center mapped the 10 most famous of the shipwrecks contained within the park , and published Shipwrecks of Isle Royale National Park; The Archeological Survey , which gives an overview of
5858-489: The billion-dollar fundraising mark and one of only two organizations in the Pacific Northwest to reach that milestone. The Campaign for OSU concluded on December 31, 2014, with more than $ 1.1 billion from 106,000 donors. The Oregon State University Foundation is a nonprofit organization chartered to raise and administer private funds in support of the university's education, research and outreach, governed by
5959-519: The branch campus stretches across 30 acres in southwest Bend , with options to grow into 90 more acres of OSU-owned land nearby. The latest goal is to attract around 5,000 students per year within the next decade. As of 2023, enrollment was around 1,400 students. Oregon State offers more than 80 degree and certificate programs made up from a selection of over 1,500 online courses in more than 110 subjects. US News & World Report ranks OSU's online Ecampus fourth nationally (2024). The Ecampus has held
6060-632: The campaign began in 2017. Oregon State has varied and numerous partnership agreements with international institutions, including James Cook University in Australia , the University of Forestry in Bulgaria , Lincoln University in New Zealand and India's Gokula Education Foundation. Undergraduate admission to Oregon State is rated "selective" by U.S. News & World Report . OSU
6161-435: The camper cabins at Ozaagaateng. The park has 36 designated wilderness campgrounds. Some campgrounds in the interior are accessible only by trail or by canoe / kayak on the island lakes. Other campgrounds are accessible only by private boat. The campsites vary in capacity but typically include a few three-sided wood shelters (the fourth wall is screened) with floors and roofs, and several individual sites suitable for pitching
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#17327733992486262-539: The centerpiece of Corvallis, Oregon . The campus is 83 miles south of Portland, near the middle of the state's Willamette Valley . Much of the main campus was designed by landscape architect John Charles Olmsted in 1906. In 2008, Olmsted's early campus design was designated by the National Register of Historic Places as the Oregon State University Historic District. It is the only college or university campus in Oregon to hold
6363-406: The city of Thunder Bay ) and adjacently, the state of Minnesota (near Grand Portage in Cook County ), and is 56 mi (90 km) from the Michigan shore, on the Keweenaw Peninsula , itself part of Upper Peninsula. There are no roads on the island, and wheeled vehicles or devices, other than wheelchairs, are not permitted. Rock Harbor has wheeled carts available to move personal belongings from
6464-406: The coast of Newport and serviced by the university's Hatfield Marine Science Center . The South PacWave Test Facility is an open ocean test site consisting of four berths, which occupy two square nautical miles of ocean with a cable route to shore of approximately 12 miles in length. The North PacWave Test Facility offers a site in state waters with streamlined permitting (the expected time to permit
6565-462: The enrolled freshmen was 3.58, while the middle 50% range of SAT scores were 480-610 for critical reading, 490-630 for math, and 470-590 for writing. The middle 50% range of the ACT Composite score was 21–28. OSU has more majors, minors and special programs than any other university or college in Oregon. Research has played a central role in the university's overall operations for much of its history. Most of OSU's research continues at
6666-481: The figures below. The 431 units of the National Park System can be broadly referred to as national parks, but most have other formal designations. A bill creating the first national park, Yellowstone , was signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1872, followed by Mackinac National Park in 1875 (decommissioned in 1895), and then Rock Creek Park (later merged into National Capital Parks ), Sequoia and Yosemite in 1890. The Organic Act of 1916 created
6767-432: The introduction of invasive species). The last caribou documented on Isle Royale was in 1925. Though lynx were removed by the 1930s, some have periodically crossed the ice bridge from neighboring Ontario , Canada, the most recent being an individual sighting in 1980. Although lynx are no longer present on the island, their primary prey, snowshoe hares , remain. Before the appearance of wolves, coyotes were also predators on
6868-402: The island in 1843, starting with many of the original native pits. This activity had ended by 1855, when no economic deposits were found. The Minong Mine and Island Mine were the result of renewed but short-lived activity from 1873 to 1881. Isle Royale was given to the United States by the 1783 treaty with Great Britain (formerly part of the Indian Reserve disputed by the United States) but
6969-538: The island in the summer. Americans in the nineteenth century did likewise. A number of habitats exist on the island, the primary being boreal forest , similar to neighboring Ontario and Minnesota. Upland areas along some of the ridges are effectively "balds" with exposed bedrock and a few scrubby trees, blueberry bushes, and hardy grasses. Occasional marshes exist, which are typically the by-product of beaver activities. There are also several lakes, often with wooded or marshy shores. The climate, especially in lowland areas,
7070-496: The island, allowing time for hiking, a guided hike or program by the park staff, and picnics. The Isle Royale Queen serves park visitors out of Copper Harbor, on the northern Upper Peninsula coast of Michigan. It arrives at Rock Harbor in the park in 3 to 3½ hours and spends 3½ hours before returning to Copper Harbor. List of national parks of the United States The United States has 63 national parks , which are congressionally designated protected areas operated by
7171-619: The island. The island is composed largely of ridges, running roughly southwest-to-northeast. The main ridge, Greenstone Ridge, is over 1,000 ft (300 m) in many places. Greenstone belts are exposed, with rounded stones of chlorastrolite , also known as greenstone, near and in the lake. The two main rock assemblages found on the island include the Portage Lake Volcanics and the Copper Harbor Conglomerate , both Precambrian in age. The volcanics are mainly ophitic flood basalts , some 100 individual flows over an accumulated thickness of at least 10,000 feet. The conglomerate outcrops on
7272-421: The island. Coyotes appeared around 1905 and disappeared shortly after wolves arrived in the 1950s. Four wolves were brought from Minnesota in 2018 after some debate as to whether or not the introduction was an unnatural intervention. Moose are believed to have colonized Isle Royale sometime between 1905 and 1912. It was initially believed that a small herd of moose (moose typically do not travel in herds) colonized
7373-640: The island. Reptiles include the eastern garter snake , painted turtle , and northern redbelly snake . Six species of frogs and three species of salamander also live on the island. Historically neither moose nor wolves inhabited Isle Royale. Just prior to becoming a national park the large mammals on Isle Royale were Canada lynx and the boreal woodland caribou . Archeological evidence indicates both of these species were present on Isle Royale for 3,500 years prior to being removed by direct human actions (hunting, trapping, mining, logging, fires, competition for resources from exotic species and possibly disease due to
7474-473: The islands by crossing the ice from the adjacent mainland; later this theory was modified to a herd of moose swimming 20 miles across Lake Superior from the nearest mainland. The improbability of these theories received little scrutiny until recent years. Although no thorough scientific investigation to determine how moose arrived on Isle Royale has been carried out to date, both cultural and genetic evidence indicates they were likely introduced by humans to create
7575-548: The largest island in Lake Superior , is over 45 mi (72 km) in length and 9 mi (14 km) wide at its widest point. The park is made up of Isle Royale itself and approximately 400 smaller islands, along with any submerged lands within 4.5 mi (7.2 km) of the surrounding islands ( 16USC408g ). Isle Royale is within about 15 mi (24 km) of the shore of the Canadian province of Ontario (near
7676-417: The mainland mammal species, because it is so remote. In addition, the environment is unique in that it is the only known place where wolves and moose coexist without the presence of bears. Other common mammals are red foxes , beavers , and red squirrels . Some foxes are accustomed to human contact and can be seen prowling the campgrounds at dawn, looking for stray scraps left by unwary campers. For its part,
7777-531: The maritime history of the area. The area's notoriously harsh weather, dramatic underwater topography, the island's central location on historic shipping routes, and the cold, fresh water have resulted in largely intact, well preserved wrecks throughout the park. In January 2019, the entire island chain was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the federal government. On the Register it
7878-462: The miners and commercial loggers, much of the island was deforested during the late 19th century. Once the island became a national park in 1940, logging and other exploitive activities ended, and the forest began to regenerate. The island was once the site of several lake trout and whitefish fisheries, as well as a few resorts. The fishing industry has declined considerably, but continues at Edisen Fishery . Today, it has no permanent inhabitants;
7979-624: The most-visited park since 1944, and had almost 13 million visitors in 2022. In contrast, only about 9,500 people visited the remote Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve in Alaska in 2022. Download coordinates as: The following table includes the 30 states and two territories that have national parks. Exclusive parks refer to parks entirely within one state or territory. Shared parks refer to parks in multiple states. Territories are set in italics . Oregon State University Oregon State University ( OSU )
8080-645: The name of the school was changed to Corvallis State Agricultural College. As the school's name changed so did its mission. Coursework in the sciences and technology became the most popular majors starting in 1900. In 1914, the Oregon State Board of Higher Education , known then as the State Board of Higher Curricula, began assigning specific colleges to Oregon State University and the University of Oregon in an effort to eliminate duplication. "...the board confined studies in engineering and commerce to
8181-586: The nation in graduate nuclear engineering . In the early 2000s, researchers at the campus reactor developed the first working prototype Small Modular Reactor (SMR) to power large commercial operations, buildings, and large industrial facilities. More recently, Oregon State University has partnered with a leading manufacturer of SMRs, NuScale (a company started in part by OSU Faculty), to provide continued research and development for commercial applications. The university's College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (CEOAS) operates several laboratories, including
8282-574: The nearby Keweenaw Peninsula . The island has hundreds of pits and trenches up to 65 feet (20 m) deep from these indigenous peoples , with most in the McCargoe Cove area. Carbon-14 testing of wood remains found in sockets of copper artifacts indicates that they are at least 6500 years old. In Prehistoric Copper Mining in the Lake Superior Region , Drier and Du Temple estimated that over 750,000 tons of copper had been mined from
8383-426: The new academy. He later attended Yale University and became an instrumental figure in the development and administration of several other early Oregon colleges. Within a decade of its inception, college-level coursework was added to the academy's curriculum, making it the first public college in the region and a magnet for Oregon's young adults seeking a profession. The university adopted eight name variations during
8484-472: The newest national park is New River Gorge , previously a National River, and the most recent entirely new park is National Park of American Samoa . A few former national parks are no longer designated as such , or have been disbanded. Fourteen national parks are designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS), and 21 national parks are named UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BR), with eight national parks in both programs. Thirty states have national parks, as do
8585-879: The newly renovated Meier & Frank building. The historic building features modern offices, classrooms and meeting spaces; which fill the entire second floor of what is now known as the Portland Building. Located next to downtown Portland's Pioneer Square, the OSU Portland Center accommodates offices for the OSU Extension Service, the OSU Foundation, the OSU Alumni Association, and the OSU Athletics Department. The downtown building provides
8686-465: The park. The average annual visitation was about 19,000 in the period from 2009 to 2018, with 25,798 visiting in 2018. Only three of the most remote Alaskan national parks— Lake Clark , Kobuk Valley and Gates of the Arctic —receive fewer visitors. Scheduled ferry service operates from Grand Portage, Copper Harbor and Houghton. The Grand Portage ferries reach the island in 1½ hours, and stay 4 hours at
8787-430: The peak of Mount Desor, at 1,394 ft (425 m), the highest point on the island, and passes through northwoods wilderness, and by inland glacial lakes, swamps, bogs and scenic shorelines. In total there are 165 mi (266 km) of hiking trails. There are also canoe/kayak routes, many involving portages, along coastal bays and inland lakes. The park has two developed areas: Ozaagaateng (formerly Windigo), at
8888-485: The region. However, David Johnson and Susan Martin contend that their estimate was based on exaggerated and inaccurate assumptions. The Jesuit missionary Dablon published an account in 1669-70 of "an island called Menong , celebrated for its copper." Menong , or Minong , was the native term for the island, and is the basis for Minong Ridge. Prospecting began in earnest when the Chippewas relinquished their claims to
8989-595: The same time, the island's moose population had exploded to an estimated 1600. By November 2017, the wolf population was down to one, a female. In December 2016, the National Park Service put forward an initial plan to bring additional wolves to the island in order to prevent the pack from disappearing completely. The decision to relocate 20-30 wolves to the island was approved and from September 2018 to September 2019, 19 wolves were relocated to Isle Royale from various locations in Minnesota, Michigan, and Ontario. As of April 14, 2020, there were an estimated 14 wolves remaining on
9090-573: The small communities of Scandinavian fishermen were removed by the United States National Park Service after the island became a national park in the 1940s. About 12 families still have lifetime leases for their cabins and claim Isle Royale as their heritage, and several descendant fishermen fish the Isle Royale waters commercially. Because numerous small islands surround Isle Royale, ships were once guided through
9191-424: The southwest end of the island (docking site for the ferries from Minnesota ), with a campstore, showers, campsites, rustic camper cabins, and a boat dock. Rock Harbor on the south side of the northeast end (docking site for the ferries from Michigan), with a campstore, showers, restaurant, lodge, campsites, and a boat dock. Non-camping sleeping accommodations at the park are limited to the lodge at Rock Harbor and
9292-416: The southwestern portion of the island and consists of sedimentary rock derived from volcanic rocks in present-day Minnesota. Glacial erosion accentuated the ridge and valley topography from pre-glacial stream erosion. Glacial striations indicate a generally westward movement of the glaciers as do the recessional moraines west of Lake Desor. Drumlins are found west of Siskiwit Lake. Recent analyses by
9393-606: The space for lectures and international conferences. The OSU Portland Center is also an important part of the OSU Advantage partnership. The partnership brings members of private industry, from throughout the world, to Portland to discuss proposed commercialization initiatives. Recognized as one of the top marine laboratories in the nation, OSU's Hatfield Marine Science Center has been a fixture in Newport, Oregon for over 50 years. The campus serves as an oceanographic research base for six state and federal agencies and also
9494-556: The state's top earner in research funding for over 50 years. OSU is also one of the top five doctoral university destinations in the nation for Fulbright Scholars (2022–2023). The university's roots date to 1856, when it was founded as a primary and preparatory community school known as Corvallis Academy. The school's first administrator and teacher was John Wesley Johnson , a famous figure in Oregon higher education. Johnson received his secondary education in Corvallis and his undergraduate from Pacific University before working at
9595-552: The state. Programs include 4-H Youth Development, Agriculture and Natural Resources (includes OSU Master Gardener ), Family and Community Health/SNAP-Ed , Forestry and Natural Resources , OSU Open Campus, K-12 Outdoor School , and Oregon Sea Grant . Together with university leaders, the Oregon State University Foundation publicly launched Oregon State's first comprehensive fundraising campaign, The Campaign for OSU, on October 26, 2007, with
9696-497: The university with a more central location, in the state's largest city, to maintain a base of operations. Aside from offices, the second floor also provides classroom space for teaching, research and meeting space for outreach engagement - similar to the work at OSU's other campuses in Corvallis and Bend. Executives and university scientists working on major initiatives, such as the Marine Studies Initiative, use
9797-515: The university. In 2023, over 37,000 students were enrolled at OSU – making it the largest university in the state. Out-of-state students typically make up over one-quarter of the student body. Since its founding, over 272,000 students have graduated from OSU. The university is classified by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as an R1: Doctoral University with very high research activity. Chartered as
9898-410: The world, its agricultural sciences program in the top 50 worldwide, and its earth sciences, ecology and water resources program among the top 100 worldwide. Agriculture and forestry at Oregon State University rank 26th in the world (11th in the U.S.), according to QS World University Rankings in 2021. In 2012, ECONorthwest conducted an economic impact analysis that found that each year OSU has
9999-533: Was approved in 2023. The complex will include 70+ studio-style apartments and a small number of two-bedroom apartments near the Newport campus. All academic courses at OSU operate under the quarter-system, which breaks down into four, 11-week terms. The professional disciplines taught at OSU are divided among 11 colleges, an honors college, and a graduate school. Each college has a dean who is responsible for all faculty, staff, students and academic programs. Colleges are divided into schools or departments, administered by
10100-411: Was everywhere, in the form of many stone hammers, some copper artifacts, and places where copper had been partially worked out of the rock but left in place. The ancient pits and trenches led to the discovery of many of the copper deposits that were mined in the 19th century. The remoteness of the island, combined with the small veins of copper, caused most of the 19th-century mines to fail quickly. Between
10201-530: Was first offered in the early 1930s, with the conferral of four Doctor of Philosophy degrees in 1935. That year also saw the creation of the first summer session. The growing diversity in degrees offered by the college led leaders to adopt the name "Oregon State College" in 1937. The name Oregon State University was adopted on March 6, 1961, by a legislative act signed into law by Governor Mark Hatfield . . The 420-acre (170 ha), tree-lined main campus serves as an internationally recognized arboretum and
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