Itzehoe ( German: [ɪtsəˈhoː] ; Low German : Itzhoe ) is a town in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany .
41-681: As the capital of the district Steinburg , Itzehoe is located on the Stör , a navigable tributary of the Elbe , 51 km (31.7 mi) northwest of Hamburg and 24 km (14.9 mi) north of Glückstadt . The population is about 32,530. Itzehoe is one of the oldest towns in Holstein . As early as 810 AD, Charlemagne built the Esesfeld castle in the Oldenburgskuhle, 2 kilometres from
82-587: A technology transfer office , to advance the transfer of its scientific research findings and meet the growing entrepreneurial spirit in the Fraunhofer institutes. Between 2000 and 2001, the institutes and IT research centres of the GMD (Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung – Society for Mathematics and Information technology) were integrated into the Fraunhofer Society at the initiative of
123-598: A "commission for the promotion of the development of the Fraunhofer Society" planned the further development of the Fraunhofer Society (FhG). The commission developed a financing model that would make the Society dependent on its commercial success. This would later come to be known as the "Fraunhofer Model". The Model was agreed to by the Federal Cabinet and the Bund-Länder-Kommission in 1973. In
164-542: A bend in the River Stör had a decisive influence on the appearance of Itzehoe town centre. The bend was the original course of the river. The Stör crossing ( low german ‘Delf’, from which the names “Delftor” and “Delftorbrücke” of the town exit and the Störbrücke bridge originate) turned Itzehoe's castle complex into an island. There are said to have been sluices in the delta that closed when the water ran out, forcing
205-522: A leader in applied research and to encourage a flexible, autonomous, and entrepreneurial approach to the society's research priorities. The institutes are not legally independent units. The Fraunhofer model grants a very high degree of independence to the institutes in terms of project results, scientific impact and above all for their own funding. On the one hand, this results in a high degree of independence in terms of technical focus, distribution of resources, project acquisition, and project management. On
246-465: A research budget of 360 million Deutsche Mark . By 1988, defence research represented only about 10% of the entire expenditure of the Fraunhofer Society. By 1989, the Fraunhofer Society had nearly 6,400 employees in 37 institutes, with a total budget of 700 million Deutsche Mark . In 1991, the Fraunhofer Society faced the challenge of integrating numerous research establishments in former East Germany as branch offices of already-existing institutes in
287-650: A right-hand tributary of the Elbe, flows through the district. Today the towns in Steinburg gradually become a part of the growing Hamburg metropolitan area. The lowest land point of the Federal Republic of Germany at 3,54 meters below sea level is located near the city of Wilster . Steinburg's highest point is the Itzespitze (83.4 m). The coat of arms displays a castle (symbolising Steinburg Castle) above
328-524: A wavy line (representing the Elbe river). Below the castle's towers there are three shields depicting Christ, a nettle leaf (from the arms of Holstein) and a swan. [REDACTED] Media related to Kreis Steinburg at Wikimedia Commons 53°55′N 9°30′E / 53.92°N 9.5°E / 53.92; 9.5 Fraunhofer Society The Fraunhofer Society ( German : Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. , lit. 'Fraunhofer Society for
369-480: A world-leading centre in lasers and optical systems. The UK Government commented on the significance of Fraunhofer CAP in quantum technology innovation. Ongoing core funding is received from Scottish Government and Scottish Enterprise. The Fraunhofer Society was founded in Munich on March 26, 1949, by representatives of industry and academia, the government of Bavaria , and the nascent Federal Republic . In 1952,
410-522: Is the biggest organization for applied research and development services in Europe. It is named after Joseph von Fraunhofer who, as a scientist, an engineer, and an entrepreneur, is said to have superbly exemplified the goals of the society. Some basic funding for the Fraunhofer Society is provided by the state (the German public, through the federal government together with the states or Länder , "owns"
451-461: The Elbe River (and the district of Stade beyond). The district's name is derived from a medieval castle called Steinburg, where the reeves ruled by order of their lords, the dukes of Holstein . This castle was first mentioned in 1307, and it was abandoned and demolished in 1630. However, Steinburg remained the name of the region, and its new centre became Glückstadt before gradually moving to
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#1732779498681492-545: The Advancement of Applied Research' ) is a German publicly-owned research organization with 76 institutes spread throughout Germany, each focusing on different fields of applied science (as opposed to the Max Planck Society , which works primarily on basic science ). With some 30,800 employees, mainly scientists and engineers , and with an annual research budget of about €3.0 billion, it
533-654: The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs declared the Fraunhofer Society to be the third part of the non-university German research landscape (alongside the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Max Planck Institutes ). Whether the Fraunhofer Society should support applied research through its own facilities was, however, the subject of a long-running dispute. From 1954, the Society's first institutes developed. By 1956, it
574-561: The Federal Ministry for Education and Research. The year 2000 marked a noteworthy success at Fraunhofer-Institut for Integrated Circuits (IIS): MP3 , a lossy audio format which they developed. For many years afterwards, MP3 was the most widely adopted method for compressing and decompressing digital audio. In 2002, ownership of the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut for Communications Technology Berlin GmbH (HHI), which belonged to
615-531: The Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems (IAIS) was founded as a merger between the Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems (AIS), and the Institute for Media Communication (IMK). In 2009, the former FGAN Institutes were converted into Fraunhofer Institutes, amongst them the Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics FKIE and
656-611: The Fraunhofer Society operates five US-based Centers through its American subsidiary, Fraunhofer USA: In 2017 Fraunhofer Society launched its first direct subsidiary in Asia: At the invitation of the UK Government, Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd was established in partnership with the University of Strathclyde . The UK's first Fraunhofer Centre, Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics, was established and quickly recognised as
697-624: The Fraunhofer Society), but more than 70% of the funding is earned through contract work, either for government-sponsored projects or from industry. Since the 1990s the organization has also internationalized, establishing various centers in the United States, Asia and other European countries. In October 2010, Fraunhofer announced that it would open its first research center in South America. Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd
738-518: The Fraunhofer Society. In 1993, the Fraunhofer Society's total budget exceeded 1 billion Deutsche Mark . In 1994, the Society founded a US-based subsidiary, Fraunhofer USA, Inc., to extend the outreach of Fraunhofer's R&D network to American clients. Its mission statement of 2000 committed the Fraunhofer Society to being a market and customer-oriented, nationally and internationally active sponsor organization for institutes of applied research. In 1999, Fraunhofer initiated Fraunhofer Venture,
779-627: The German weaver and textile designer Elisabeth Lindemann (1879-1960). They shared a workshop and a studio in Itzehoe. Itzehoe is situated at the Marsh Railway and offers connections to Hamburg and the island of Sylt . During the period up to and including the Wacken Open Air festival many festival goers depart for the festival from Itzehoe using the 'Metal Shuttle Bus’, which leaves from near Itzehoe station . During this time
820-496: The Gottfried William Leibniz Society e. V. (GWL), was transferred to the Fraunhofer Society. With this integration, the Fraunhofer Society budget exceeded €1 billion for the first time. In 2003, the Fraunhofer Society headquarters moved to its own building in Munich . The Fraunhofer Society developed and formulated a firm specific mission statement summarizing fundamental targets and codifying
861-656: The Holstein estates formerly met are noteworthy. The town has a convent founded in 1256, many schools , a hospital and other benevolent institutions. Itzehoe is also the location of the Wenzel Hablik Museum which is dedicated to the work of the utopian and expressionist artist architect Wenzel Hablik , who settled in Itzehoe in 1907, where he pursued architectural and interior design projects. Hablik produced designs for furniture, textiles, tapestries, jewellery, cutlery and wallpaper. In 1917, he married
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#1732779498681902-587: The Störschleife was explicitly named as a goal. On 26 September 2021, the residents of Itzehoe voted by 7707 votes in favour of restoring the Stör bend. Concrete plans for implementation have been underway since August 2022. In February 2023, the winning design was to be presented by one of nine planning teams. In the 1990s, the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology ISIT was established on
943-691: The best known Fraunhofer developments is the MP3 audio data compression process. In 2018, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft reported 734 new inventions. This corresponds to about three inventions per working day. Of these, 612 developments were registered for patents. Recent studies have shown that the presence of a Fraunhofer center can boost the patent output of local firms and inventors in at least 13%. The Fraunhofer Society currently operates 76 institutes and research units. These are Fraunhofer Institutes for: In addition to its German institutes,
984-454: The budget is sourced in the proportion 9:1 from federal and state (Land) government grants and is used to support preparatory research. Thus the size of the society's budget depends largely on its success in maximizing revenue from commissions. This funding model applies not just to the central society itself but also to the individual institutes. This serves both to drive the realization of the Fraunhofer Society's strategic direction of becoming
1025-477: The desired "values and guidelines" of the society's "culture". Amongst these, the society committed itself to improving the opportunities for female employees and coworkers to identify themselves with the enterprise and to develop their own creative potential. In 2004, the former "Fraunhofer Working Group for Electronic Media Technology" at the Fraunhofer-Institut for Integrated Circuits (IIS) gained
1066-420: The following decades and became a topic of public debate, including the need to improve resilience, defence capabilities and the protection of civilians and against cyber-attacks. In 2022, Fraunhofer also benefited from the € 100 billion in special funding for the German armed forces. By 1969, Fraunhofer had more than 1,200 employees in 19 institutes. The budget stood at 33 million Deutsche Mark . At this time,
1107-569: The later town, as protection against the Danes marauding from the north, but this has no direct connection with the development of Itzehoe. Under its protection, Archbishop Ebbo of Reims built a small monastery or prayer house, the ‘Cella Lila’, in the summer of 823 in what is now Münsterdorf as a base for the Christian mission he initiated in Denmark. The larger Echeho Castle, built around 1000 in
1148-653: The nearby meander of the River Stör , became the nucleus of a settlement that developed into a trading town, favoured by the granting of the Lübeck rights (1238), combined with freedom from customs duties, which at that time was only granted to Hamburg in the country, and later the right to stack goods (1260). During this time, Itzehoe was involved in the salt, cloth and grain trade and was at times an important hub in European east-west trade. Further settlements developed on
1189-574: The newly established German Empire . Itzehoe was listed as a garrison depot ( Wehrkreis X ( Hamburg )) of the former 225th Infantry Division , which was implicated in the 1940 Vinkt Massacre in Belgium. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II in September 1939, it was the location of the Oflag X-A prisoner-of-war camp for Polish officers, which
1230-525: The northern edge of Itzehoe. Many chip research and high-tech companies have since settled around this institute on the InnoQuarter Itzehoe industrial estate. As a result, Itzehoe is increasingly developing into a centre of high technology in northern Germany. Itzehoe has an oceanic climate ( Cfb in the Köppen climate classification ). The Church of St. Laurentii and the building in which
1271-593: The other hand, this also generates a certain economic pressure and a compulsion to customer and market orientation. In this sense, the institutes and their employees act in an entrepreneurial manner and ideally combine research, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Numerous innovations are the result of research and development work at the Fraunhofer institutes. The institutes work on practically all application-relevant technology fields, i.e. microelectronics, information and communication technology, life sciences, materials research, energy technology or medical technology. One of
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1312-670: The other side of the river around the monastery courtyard (around 1260) and around the Church of St. Laurentii (first mentioned in 1196). During the Thirty Years' War Itzehoe was twice destroyed by the Swedes , in 1644 and 1657, but was rebuilt on each occasion. It was under Danish rule until the Second Schleswig War of 1864, when it was occupied by Austria . In 1867, it passed to Prussia , and in 1871 it became part of
1353-520: The same year, the executive committee and central administration moved into joint accommodation at Leonrodstraße 54 in Munich . The Fraunhofer program for the promotion of consulting research for SMEs was established, and has gained ever more significance in subsequent years. In 1977, the political ownership of the society was shared by the Ministries of Defense and Research. By 1984, the Fraunhofer Society had 3,500 employees in 33 institutes and
1394-664: The status of an independent institute. It becomes Fraunhofer-Institut for Digital Media Technology IDMT. New alliances and topic groups helped to strengthen the market operational readiness level of the institutes for Fraunhofer in certain jurisdictions. In 2005, two new institutes, the Leipzig Fraunhofer-Institut for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), and the Fraunhofer Center for Nano-electronic technologies CNT in Dresden , were founded. In 2006,
1435-418: The town became extinct. Only a few artificially created water basins between the new theatre and Salzstraße are reminders of the original course of the loop. In order to improve the cityscape again, an initiative was launched in 2011 with the aim of promoting the reopening of the filled-in Störschleife in the centre of Itzehoe. In 2017, the entire city centre was declared a redevelopment area. The restoration of
1476-475: The town can become very overcrowded and inundated with traffic. Itzehoe is twinned with: Steinburg Steinburg ( German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪnbʊʁk] ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein , Germany , administered from Itzehoe . It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Dithmarschen , Rendsburg-Eckernförde , Segeberg and Pinneberg , and by
1517-406: The town of Itzehoe. When Schleswig-Holstein became a province of Prussia in 1867, the district of Steinburg was established. The borders remained unchanged until 1970 when the newly founded town Schenefeld (formerly part of Rendsburg district ) joined Steinburg. The district is situated on the northern bank of the Elbe river, close to its mouth. The countryside is very plain. The Stör river,
1558-470: The water to flow through and clean the bend. After their removal, the river increasingly silted up and developed into an almost stagnant, foul-smelling body of water. The old town centre, the ‘Neustadt’ (new town), could only be reached via bridges. In the course of the redevelopment of the ‘Neustadt’, during which almost all the houses on this former island were demolished and replaced by new buildings and new streets were laid out, this element that characterised
1599-494: Was developing research facilities in cooperation with the Ministry of Defense. In 1959, the Fraunhofer Society comprised nine institutes with 135 coworkers and a budget of 3.6 million Deutsche Mark . In 1965, the Fraunhofer Society was identified as a sponsor organization for applied research. In 1968, the Fraunhofer Society became the target of public criticism for its role in military research. The criticism continued in
1640-519: Was established as a legally independent affiliate along with its Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics, in Glasgow, Scotland, in March 2012. The so-called "Fraunhofer model" has been in existence since 1973 and has led to the society's continuing growth. Under the model, the Fraunhofer Society earns about 70% of its income through contracts with industry or specific government projects. The other 30% of
1681-524: Was eventually relocated to Sandbostel in 1941. During the war, Itzehoe was not initially a primary target for the Allied strategic bombing campaign , but was hit by an Allied bombing raid very late in the war, when Allied carpet bombing on 2 May 1945 (just two days before the German surrender at Lüneburg Heath ) caused 22 fatalities in the city. Until it was filled in with around 110,000 m3 of sand in 1974,