92-579: The Serie A ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈa] ), officially known as Serie A Enilive in Italy and Serie A Made in Italy abroad for sponsorship reasons, is a professional league competition for football clubs located at the top of the Italian football league system . The winners are awarded the Coppa Campioni d'Italia trophy and the scudetto , a decoration that they wear on
184-595: A 30.5% golden share in the company, 1.99% held through the Ministry of Economy and Finance and 28.5% through the Cassa Depositi e Prestiti . The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . Through the years after its foundation, it operated in many fields including contracting , nuclear power, energy, mining, chemicals and plastics, refining/extraction and distribution machinery,
276-520: A 40% interest in a permit to explore 82,000-km offshore of South Africa's east coast. In 2014, Eni launched a new plan to convert its conventional refineries into biorefineries : the first plant was in Porto Marghera , in 2019 the second one opened in Gela . In January 2015, Eni in collaboration with Vitol Energy signed a $ 7 billion contract with the government of Ghana. This agreement
368-417: A European qualification spot, or a relegation spot. In some past years, the playoff was a single game at a neutral site while in others it was a two-legged tie decided by aggregate score. A playoff game has never been needed since the tiebreaking format changed. The only time a playoff was used to decide the champion occurred in the 1963–64 season when Bologna and Inter both finished on 54 points. Bologna won
460-577: A Final Group among regional champions was contested to award the title and the Spensley Cup. Juventus won his first title and Spensley Cup in 1905, while the following two championships were won by Milan . In November 1907, the FIF organised two championships in the same season: The FIF wanted to organise two different championships in order to allow weaker clubs, composed only of Italian players ( squadre pure italiane , "pure Italian teams"), to win
552-702: A joint venture with QatarEnergy for the North Field East (NFE) expansion which will be the worlds largest LNG project and begin production in 2025. Eni holds a 3.125% stake in the four LNG trains estimated to produce 8 million tonnes a year each. In October 2023, QatarEnergy signed LNG supply deal with Italy's Eni for 27 years. Affiliates of QatarEnergy and Eni signed a long-term sale and purchase agreement for up to 1 million tons per year (mtpa) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Qatar's North Field expansion project. After 10 years of force majeure, Eni, Sonatrach and BP resumed exploration in their blocks in
644-768: A majority stake in Italgas . In October 1973, after the Yom Kippur War and the OPEC embargo against the United States and the Netherlands by OPEC members and Arab countries, a serious oil crisis occurred, causing Eni to consolidate its position in the international market by signing an agreement with Sonatrach , the Algerian state oil entity for natural gas supply. In 1974, Eni signed an agreement with
736-629: A man named James Richardson Spensley arrived in Genoa and introduced the football section of the club, becoming its first manager. Some early tournaments were organised by the Italian Gymnastics Federation (FGI, then FGNI) between 1895 and 1897 and until 1913. In 1898, a new federation, the future FIGC but then known as Federazione Italiana del Foot-ball (FIF) until 1909, had been formed, with its centre originally in Turin and
828-521: A new agreement with Libya for the exploitation of Boùri , the biggest oilfield in the centre of the Mediterranean , and developed its international role within the oil industry. In 1992, Eni became a joint-stock company by Law Decree, and was listed to the Italian and New York Stock Exchange in 1995. From 1995 to 1998, Eni successfully made four share offers, as 70% of its capital assets were sold to private shareholders. As
920-494: A new sponsor deal with Eni , otherwise known as Enilive, to take the main sponsor role of the Serie A. In the past, individual clubs competing in the league had the rights to sell their broadcast rights to specific channels throughout Italy, unlike in most other European countries. Currently, the two broadcasters in Italy are the satellite broadcaster Sky Italia and streaming platform DAZN for its own pay television networks; RAI
1012-609: A newly established joint venture (JV) between Eni Pakistan local employees and Hub Power Company . In 2018 Eni became the first shareholder of the American company Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), a spin-out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston . CFS aims to build a fusion reactor based on tokamak technology, much more compact and cheaper compared to other existing projects such as
SECTION 10
#17327766119821104-522: A newspaper in Genoa, headlined "The Genoese winners of the national championship", while another reported that the competitors gathered at a restaurant, where they had dinner and the championship cup was delivered to the winning team. To celebrate the event of the first national football championship, Franco Bernini wrote a book in 2005 entitled La prima volta . The Italy national football team, called Azzurri or squadra azzurra for their blue shirts, are
1196-872: A player active outside Serie A. Unlike La Liga , for example, which has long imposed a quota on the number of players able to play for each club who hold passports from countries that are not in the European Union , Serie A has undergone many rule changes concerning the number of non-EU players clubs could sign. During the 1980s and 1990s, most Serie A clubs signed a large number of players from foreign nations (both EU and non-EU members). Notable foreign players to play in Serie A during this era included Irish international Liam Brady , England internationals Paul Gascoigne and David Platt , France's Michel Platini and Laurent Blanc , Lothar Matthäus and Jürgen Klinsmann from Germany, Dutchmen Ruud Gullit and Dennis Bergkamp , and Argentina's Diego Maradona . In
1288-834: A subsidiary of Eni. The assets in Germany were released before the transaction, and will remain with Neptune, managed by the shareholders as a separate group. In March 2024, Eni made discoveries off the Ivory Coast . In July 2024, new oil and gas was discovered in Block 9 of the Yopaat-1 EXP exploration well located off the shore of Mexico in the Sureste Basin . In July 2024, Vår Energi extended its supply deal with Eni until 2036 for up to 5bcm of natural gas. As exploration and reserve replacement being major drivers for
1380-454: A win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Prior to this, teams were awarded two points for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss. The three lowest-placed teams at the end of the season are relegated to Serie B , and three Serie B teams are promoted to replace them for the next season. In 2023–24, Serie A was ranked as the best league by UEFA coefficient . This was due to a combination of all seven Serie A teams progressing into
1472-415: Is Juventus with 36 championships, followed by Inter Milan with 20 championships and AC Milan with 19 championships. From the 2004–05 season onwards, an actual trophy was awarded to club on the pitch after the last turn of the championship. The trophy, called the Coppa Campioni d'Italia , has officially been used since the 1960–61 season , but between 1961 and 2004 was consigned to the winning clubs at
1564-436: Is a list of Serie A clubs who have competed in the competition since it has been a league format (68 in total). The following 20 clubs are competing in the Serie A during the 2024–25 season. There are 68 teams that have taken part in 93 Serie A championships in a single round that was played from the 1929–30 season until the 2024–25 season . The teams in bold compete in Serie A currently. The year in parentheses represents
1656-409: Is allowed to broadcast only highlights (in exclusive from 13:30 to 22:30 CET ). This is a list of television rights in Italy (since 2021–22): Since the 2010–11 season, Serie A clubs have negotiated television rights collectively rather than on an individual club basis, having previously abandoned collective negotiation at the end of the 1998–99 season. In the 1990s, Serie A was at its most popular in
1748-772: Is among the top five European football leagues. Italy's club sides have won 48 major European trophies, making them the second most successful nation in European football. Serie A hosts three of the world's most famous clubs as Juventus , Milan , and Inter , all founding members of the G-14 , a group which represented the largest and most prestigious European football clubs; Serie A was the only league to produce three founding members. Juventus, Milan, and Inter (the Big Three), along with Roma , Lazio , and historically Parma and Fiorentina but now Napoli and Atalanta , are known as
1840-573: Is the most popular sport in Italy. The Italy national football team is considered one of the best national teams in the world . They have won the FIFA World Cup four times ( 1934 , 1938 , 1982 , 2006 ), trailing only Brazil (with five), runners-up in two finals both against Brazil , ( 1970 , 1994 ) and reaching a third place ( 1990 ) and a fourth place ( 1978 ). They have also won two European Championships ( 1968 and 2020 ), also appeared in two finals ( 2000 , 2012 ), finished third at
1932-534: Is traditionally the best part of Italian teams, and Italian defence is generally considered historically the best in the world. A women's team , an under-21 team , an under-20 team , an under-19 team , and an under-17 team also compete. Their honours include: In total: The following teams have reached the final of the UEFA European Cup/Champions League. Bold indicates winners, italics indicates runner-ups. Stadiums with
SECTION 20
#17327766119822024-530: Is usually done via online voting out of the five nominees. Eni Eni S.p.A. ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛːni] ), acronym for and formerly legally known as Ente nazionale idrocarburi (National Hydrocarbons Board), is an Italian multinational energy company headquartered in Rome . It is considered one of the " supermajor " oil companies in the world, with a market capitalization of €50 billion, as of 31 December 2023. The Italian government owns
2116-509: The Ballon d'Or award while playing at a Serie A club than any league in the world other than Spain's La Liga. Juventus, Italy's most successful club of the 20th century and the most winning Italian team , is tied for sixth in Europe and twelfth in the world with the most official international titles with eleven. Prior the first Europa Conference League final in 2022, it was also the only one in
2208-584: The Confederations Cup ( 2013 ) and the Nations League (2021 and 2023), won one Olympic football tournament ( 1936 ) and two Central European International Cups ( 1927–30 and 1933–35 ). Italy's top domestic league, the Serie A , is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world due to the fact that it is often depicted as the most tactical national football league, and
2300-588: The Seven Sisters of Italian football due to their popular support and dominance in league and cups between the 1990s and 2020s. Italian managers are among the most successful in European football, especially in competitions such as the Champions League . More players have won the coveted Ballon d'Or award while playing in Serie A than any other league in the world after La Liga . Other forms of football were played in Italy in ancient times,
2392-500: The 20 club format after sixteen clubs voted against reducing the division to 18 teams in February 2024. For most of Serie A's history, there were 16 or 18 clubs competing at the top level. Since 2004–05 , however, there have been 20 clubs in total. One season (1947–48) was played with 21 teams for political reasons, following post-war tensions with Yugoslavia. Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout
2484-555: The Congo offshore block. Since 2012, Eni has been selling off refining and marketing assets it owned in eastern Europe to increase profitability. By 2013 Eni had already reduced its refining capacity by 13 percent. In May 2014 Eni agreed to sell their 32.5% share in Česká rafinerská a.s. (CRC), a refining company in the Czech Republic, to MOL Group of Hungary. In June 2014, the company signed an agreement with Sasol to acquire
2576-452: The FIGC changed internal settings, adding southern teams to the national division, ultimately leading to the 1929–30 final settlement. The Serie A Championship title is often referred to as the scudetto ("small shield") because since the 1923–24 season, the winning team will bear a small coat of arms with the Italian tricolour on their strip in the following season. The most successful club
2668-701: The Final. Ultimately, the dissenters' strategy worked out, as the failure of the Italian Championship won by Juventus forced the FIGC to later recognise the Federal Champions of Pro Vercelli as "Campioni d'Italia 1909", disavowing the other tournament and depriving Juventus of another title. The format was modified for the 1909–10 Prima Categoria , which was played in a league format. Nine clubs participated, playing each other both home and away. The split between Federal and Italian championship
2760-756: The Ghadames Basin (A-B) and offshore Block C in August 2023, continuing their contract obligations. In January 2024, Eni acquired Neptune Energy for $ 4.9 billion. The list of assets includes Neptune’s involvement in the Geng North-1 gas field in Indonesia , as well as projects in Western Europe , Australia and North Africa . Neptune’s business in Norway was purchased directly by Vår Energi ,
2852-626: The HPC4 supercomputer with the new model HPC5 , which has three times the computing ability compared to the previous one. In March 2018, Eni reached an agreement with MIT to fund fusion research projects run out of the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC)’s newly created Laboratory for Innovation in Fusion Technologies (LIFT). The expected investment in these research projects will amount to about $ 2 million over
Serie A - Misplaced Pages Continue
2944-505: The Italian Football Championship was revised from having regional and interregional rounds, to a single-tier league from the 1929–30 season onwards. The championship titles won before 1929 are officially recognised by FIGC with the same weighting as titles that were subsequently awarded. Similarly, the 1945–46 season, when the round-robin was suspended and the league was played over two geographical groups due to
3036-654: The Italian Gymnastics Federation (FGNI–FGI) was played in 1896, the same year of the first modern Olympic Games , and won by a team from Udine , an Italian northeast city in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, named Udinese . In 1897, a second national gymnastic-football tournament was won by SG Torinese. In 1898, the Federazione Italiana del Foot-ball (FIF–FIGC) was finally formed and the first national championship
3128-559: The Libyan government, followed by additional agreements with Egypt, Nigeria and Tunisia. During the mid-1970s, Eni planned a major infrastructure for transporting natural gas over long distances, by building a pipeline network of thousands of miles throughout Europe and the Mediterranean . After the inauguration of the Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline connecting Algeria to Sicily through Tunisia, Eni signed
3220-667: The Oberti Cup in lieu of the Spensley Cup for the Federal Championship. This time, the majority of big clubs decided to only withdraw from the Italian Championship in order to make the Federal competition the most relevant tournament and to diminish the Italian one. The Federal Championship was won by Pro Vercelli, beating Milanese in the Final, while the Italian Championship was won by Juventus, again beating Milanese in
3312-671: The United Kingdom when it was shown on Football Italia on Channel 4 , although it has actually appeared on more UK channels than any other league, rarely staying in one place for long since 2002. Serie A has appeared in the UK on BSB 's The Sports Channel (1990–91), Sky Sports (1991–1992), Channel 4 (1992–2002), Eurosport (2002–2004), Setanta Sports and Bravo (2004–2007), Channel 5 (2007–2008), ESPN (2009–2013), Eleven Sports Network (2018), Premier , FreeSports (2019–2021) and currently BT Sport (2013–2018; 2021–present). In
3404-504: The United States, Serie A is currently shown on CBS Sports and its streaming network Paramount+ . Prior to 2021–22 it was shown on the ESPN family of networks. For the 24-29 cycle, the Serie A sold its international rights to the Infront agency (except in United States and MENA), which is in charge of reaching an agreement with the interested companies. Fox Deportes Although Serie A
3496-428: The above conditional quota was reduced back to one, though if a team did not have any non-EU players, that team could still sign up to three non-EU players. In 2011 the signing quota reverted to two. Large clubs with many foreigners usually borrow quotas from other clubs that have few foreigners or no foreigners in order to sign more non-EU players. For example, Adrian Mutu joined Juventus via Livorno in 2005, as at
3588-504: The bans were subsequently reduced. At the start of the 2003–04 season, a quota was imposed on each of the clubs limiting the number of non-EU, non-EFTA and non-Swiss players who may be signed from abroad each season, following provisional measures introduced in the 2002–03 season, which allowed Serie A and B clubs to sign only one non-EU player in the 2002 summer transfer window. The rule underwent minor changes in August 2004, June 2005, June 2006, and June 2007. The number of non-EU players
3680-434: The champions league in 2024. If after all 38 games, there are two teams tied on points for first place or for 17th, the last safety spot, the team that wins the scudetto or stays up at 17th is decided by a single-legged play-off game of 90 minutes and penalties (no extra time), to be held at a neutral venue, with the host team decided by the tiebreakers listed below. If at least three teams are tied for one of those spots, then
3772-582: The company, Eni boosts for production additions in its core oil field areas (North and Sub-Saharan Africa , Venezuela, Barents Sea , Yamal Peninsula , Kazakhstan, Iraq and the Far East). Eni has about 130 exploration and production subsidiaries, such as Eni Norge. In March 2022 Eni stopped buying Russian oil because of International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War . In 2012, Eni reported liquids and gas production for
Serie A - Misplaced Pages Continue
3864-771: The competition was organised into regional groups. Because of ever growing teams attending regional championships, the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) split the CCI (Italian Football Confederation) in 1921, which founded in Milan the Lega Nord (Northern Football League), ancestor of present-day Lega Serie A. When CCI teams rejoined the FIGC created two interregional divisions renaming Categories into Divisions and splitting FIGC sections into two north–south leagues. In 1926, due to internal crises and fascist pressures,
3956-596: The controlled fusion of deuterium and tritium possible and thus to produce sustainable energy . In December 2021, ENI become the first energy company in the world to highly invest in magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, through a $ 1.8 billion partnership in CFS, alla Ng with Google and Bill Gates . In 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the major oil and gas companies, including Eni, reported sharp rises in interim revenues and profits. The rises are influenced by
4048-725: The crude producing countries through the establishment of joint ventures. In 1957, Eni pushed for a similar agreement, known as the "Mattei formula", to be signed with Persian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the National Iranian Oil Company . In 1960, during the Cold War period, Eni signed an agreement with the Soviet Union for the importation of Russian crude at low prices. On 27 October 1962, Enrico Mattei's airplane mysteriously exploded near Bascapè , on his way to Milan from Catania . His death
4140-679: The earliest of which was Harpastum , played during the times of the Roman Empire . This game may have also been influential in other forms throughout Europe due to the expansion of the Roman Empire, including Medieval football . From the 16th century onwards, calcio fiorentino , another code of football distinct from the modern game, was played in the Piazza Santa Croce in Florence . Some famous Florentines were among
4232-407: The first Italian team to have achieved a seasonal treble . It is also the team to have competed uninterruptedly for the most time in the top flight of Italian football, having seen its debut in 1909. All these clubs, along with Lazio , Fiorentina , Roma and Napoli , are known as the "seven sisters" ( sette sorelle ) of Italian football . Serie A is one of the most storied football leagues in
4324-629: The first president as Mario Vicary. The FIGC created the Italian Football Championship with the four founding clubs being; Genoa, Torinese , Ginnastica Torino , and Internazionale Torino. Its first competition, the 1898 Italian Football Championship , was held at the Velodrome Humbert I in Turin on 8 May 1898, and was won by Genoa. While it was common for clubs to compete in both FIGC and FNGI competitions early on,
4416-640: The following years. The Rovuma LNG project was approved in May 2019 by the government of Mozambique . The project is a joint venture between ExxonMobil , Eni and CNPC . Eni will focus on the construction and operation of the upstream facilities. In March 2021, Eni exited the Pakistani market and sold its assets to Prime International Oil & Gas Company. The deal include the assets sold, interests in eight development and production leases and four exploration licences. Prime International Oil & Gas Company,
4508-459: The four "pure Italian teams", depending on the head-to-head matches. At the end of the season, Pro Vercelli and Inter finished joint-top, so a playoff was needed in order to assign the Federal title (the Italian one was won by Pro Vercelli). This season was the first victory for Inter, having defeated Pro Vercelli in the final by a score of 10–3. Even the Italian title won by Pro Vercelli was later forgotten. A first national competition organised by
4600-616: The full year of 1,701 thousand barrel of oil equivalent per day (kboe/d), this being calculated assuming a natural gas conversion factor to barrel equivalent, updated to 5,492 cubic feet of gas equal 1 barrel of oil from 1 July 2012. During 2012, 60 new exploratory wells were drilled, as 56 were drilled in 2011 and 47 in 2010. The overall commercial success rate was 40% (40.8% net to Eni) as compared to 42% in 2011 (38.6% net to Eni) and 41% in 2010 (39% net to Eni). In 2012, 351 development wells were drilled as well, as 407 in 2011 and 399 in 2010. In 2019 Eni reported hydrocarbon production for
4692-517: The full year of 1,871 kboe/d. In 2021 Eni reported hydrocarbon production for the full year of 1,682 kboe/d. In 2022 Eni reported hydrocarbon production for the full year of 1,610 kboe/d. In 2023 Eni reported hydrocarbon production for the full year of 1,66 kboe/d. In 2012, sales of natural gas were 95.32 bcm, down 1.44 bcm compared to 2011. Football in Italy Football ( Italian : calcio [ˈkaltʃo] )
SECTION 50
#17327766119824784-482: The head office of the Lega Nazionale Professionisti . In April 2009, Serie A announced a split from Serie B. Nineteen of the twenty clubs voted in favour of the move in an argument over television rights; the relegation-threatened Lecce had voted against the decision. Maurizio Beretta, the former head of Italy's employers' association, became president of the new league. In April 2016, it
4876-631: The hospitality industry and even the textile industry and news. With revenues of around €92.2 billion, Eni ranked 111th on both the Fortune Global 500 and the Fortune Global 2000 in 2022, making it the third-largest Italian company on the Fortune list (after Assicurazioni Generali and Enel ) and second largest on the Forbes list (after Enel). On the Fortune Global 500, Eni is
4968-486: The international ITER . On 5 September 2021, CFS successfully built and tested a 1: 1 scale prototype of a magnet based on HTS (High Temperature Superconductors) superconductors . The experiment demonstrated for the first time that it is possible to create a fusion chamber where the confinement of the plasma is ensured by this type of super magnets. This kind of fusion chamber will allow the reactor to reach very high temperatures, above 100 million degrees, necessary to make
5060-443: The jersey the season after the victory. It has been operating as a round-robin tournament for over ninety years since the 1929–30 season . It had been organized by the Direttorio Divisioni Superiori until 1943, the Lega Calcio until 2010, and the Lega Serie A ever since. Serie A is regarded as one of the best football leagues in the world and it is often depicted as the most tactical and defensively sound national league. Serie A
5152-426: The knockout stages in European competition, picking up extra coefficient points. Additionally, Atalanta won the Europa League Final and Fiorentina were losing finalists in the UEFA Europa Conference League . This continued a strong recent record where five of the six European club finals have featured at least one Serie A side over the past two seasons. As a result of this ranking the top 5 clubs in Serie A qualify for
5244-456: The largest petroleum company in Italy, the second largest based in the European Union (after TotalEnergies ), and the 13th largest in the world. In 2023, the company’s seat in Forbes Global 2000 was 81, while in Fortune Global 500 was 61. Eni was founded in 1953 by an existing company, Agip , which was created in 1926 with the aim to explore for oilfields, and acquire and commercialize oil and derivatives. In March 1953, Enrico Mattei
5336-403: The league's history: During the season, which runs from August to May, each club plays each of the other teams twice; once at home and once away, totalling 38 games for each team by the end of the season. Thus, in Italian football a true round-robin format is used. In the first half of the season, called the andata , each team plays once against each league opponent, for a total of 19 games. In
5428-644: The middle of the 2000–01 season, the old quota system, which limited each team to having no more than five non-EU players and using no more than three in each match, was abolished. Concurrent with the abolishment of the quota, the FIGC had investigated footballers that used fake passports. Alberto and Warley , Alejandro Da Silva and Jorginho Paulista of Udinese; Fábio Júnior and Gustavo Bartelt of Roma; Dida of Milan; Álvaro Recoba of Inter; Thomas Job , Francis Zé , Jean Ondoa of Sampdoria; and Jeda and Dede of Vicenza were all banned in July 2001 for lengths ranging from six months to one year. However, most of
5520-475: The most popular sport in Italy. The modern variation of the game was brought to Italy during the 1880s. Edoardo Bosio , a merchant worker in the British textile industry, had visited England and experienced the game. He returned to Turin in 1887 and was motivated to help spread football in his homeland. He founded the first football club in Italy ( Torino Football and Cricket Club ) that year, while Nobili Torino (Turin Nobles) soon followed. The second club bore
5612-425: The most recent year of participation at this level. Inter Milan is the only team that has played Serie A football in every season. Serie A had logos that featured its sponsor Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM). The logo that was introduced in 2010 had a minor change in 2016 due to the change of the logo of TIM itself. In August 2018, a new logo was announced, and another one in August 2019. On 5 February, Serie A signed
SECTION 60
#17327766119825704-400: The name noble because it contained Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi , and Alfonso Ferrero de Gubernatis Ventimiglia, who would later become president of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC). The two merged in 1891 to form Internazionale Football Club Torino. Genoa Cricket and Football Club , formed as a cricket club to represent England abroad, was founded by Englishmen in 1893. In 1896,
5796-407: The national title, and to relegate simultaneously the big clubs, composed mostly of stronger foreign players ( squadre spurie internazionali , "spurious international teams") in a minor competition for a "consolation prize". The majority of big clubs (Genoa, Milan, and Torino ) withdrew from both the championships in order to protest against the autocratic policy of the FIF. The Federal Championship
5888-438: The players of the game, particularly the Medici family including Piero , Lorenzo , and Alessandro de' Medici , as well as popes who played the game in the Vatican, such as Clement VII , Leo XI , and Urban VIII . The name calcio ("kick") was later adopted for football in Italy (attested first in 1889, "Il Foot-ball ovvero il Giuoco del Calcio"), becoming the synonym for Italian association football worldwide, as well as
5980-415: The playoff 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win the scudetto. Playoff games were used on multiple occasions to decide European competition qualifications (most recently in 1999–2000 ) and relegation (most recently in 2022–23 ). Before 1929, many clubs competed in the top level of Italian football as the earlier rounds were competed up to 1922 on a regional basis then interregional up to 1929. Below
6072-402: The price of oil collapsed in 1998, like other major companies, Eni got into the melee of mergers, international acquisitions, new exploration and the foundation of real super-companies. Since 2000, Eni has been developing the Kashagan oilfield a major offshore discovery, along the Caspian Sea . In 2005, the Blue Stream pipeline, projected to supply gas from southern Russia to Turkey,
6164-421: The prices of raw materials such as oil and gas which have significantly increased, due to their shortage. On 17 May 2022 Eni announced the procedures for the creation of an account with Gazprombank in dual currency ( euro and rubles ), in order to be able to proceed with the payment of Russian gas supplies, following the unilateral amendment of the contracts ordered by the Russian Federation . The decision
6256-477: The ravages of World War II , is not statistically considered, even if its title is fully official. The league hosts three of the world's most famous clubs as Juventus , AC Milan and Inter Milan , all founding members of the G-14 , a group which represented the largest and most prestigious European football clubs from 2000 to 2008, with the first two also being founding members of its successive organisation, European Club Association (ECA). More players have won
6348-439: The second half of the season, called the ritorno , the teams play another 19 games, once more against each opponent, in which home and away matches are reversed. The two halves of the season had exactly the same order of fixtures until the 2021–22 season , when an asymmetrical calendar was introduced, following the format of the English , Spanish and French leagues. Since the 1994–95 season , teams are awarded three points for
6440-451: The size of the squad. However, a cap of 25 (under-21 players were excluded) was introduced to 2015–16 season (in 2015–16 season, squad simply require 8 homegrown players but not require 4 of them from their own youth team). In the 2016–17 season, the FIGC sanctioned Sassuolo for fielding ineligible player, Antonino Ragusa . Although the club did not exceed the capacity of 21 players that were not from their own youth team (only Domenico Berardi
6532-530: The third-most successful national team in the World Cup for number of medals. During the 1970s to early 1990s, Italy became famous for their catenaccio , thus heralding a long line of world class defenders, such as Virginio Rosetta , Pietro Rava , Carlo Parola , Giacinto Facchetti , Armando Picchi , Gaetano Scirea , Antonio Cabrini , Claudio Gentile , Franco Baresi , Giuseppe Bergomi , Paolo Maldini , Alessandro Nesta , Fabio Cannavaro , Andrea Barzagli , Leonardo Bonucci , and Giorgio Chiellini . Defence
6624-480: The time Romania was not a member of the EU. Other examples include Júlio César , Victor Obinna and Maxwell , who joined Inter from Chievo (first two) and Empoli , respectively. Serie A also imposed Homegrown players rule, a modification of Homegrown Player Rule (UEFA) . Unlike UEFA, Serie A at first did not cap the number of players in first team squad at 25, meaning the club could employ more foreigners by increasing
6716-426: The titles won in the FIGC championship are the only ones officially recognised by the modern-day league. In the following years, the tournament (called Prima Categoria ) was structured into regional groups with the winners of each group participating in a playoff with the eventual winners being declared champions. Until 1904, the tournament was dominated by Genoa, who won six titles in seven years. Between 1905 and 1908,
6808-435: The two teams to play in the match is decided by a mini table between the teams involved using the tiebreakers below. The deciding tie-breakers for any ties on all other positions are as follows: Between 2006–07 and 2021–22, the tiebreakers currently used for all places to decide the scudetto winner if necessary, though this was never needed. Before 2005–06, a play-off would immediately be used if teams were tied for first place,
6900-592: The undervaluation of the company and release up to 50 billion euros ($ 70bn) of hidden value. In 2010, Eni achieved a key production milestone in Iraqi Zubair oil field. After getting a licence in 2006 for the exploration of an offshore area in the north of Mozambique, known as Area 4, Eni announced several major natural gas discoveries between 2011 and 2012 such as Mamba South , Mamba North , Mamba North East and Coral 1. In February 2014, Eni discovered oil at its Democratic Republic of
6992-481: The world to have won all the historical five official confederation competitions , an achievement reached after its triumph in the 1985 Intercontinental Cup and revalidated after winning a sixth tournament, the UEFA Intertoto Cup , fourteen years later. Milan is joint third club overall for official international titles won with nineteen. Inter, following their achievements in the 2009–10 season , became
7084-435: The world. Of the 100 greatest footballers in history chosen by FourFourTwo in 2017, 42 players have played in Serie A, more than any other league in the world. Juventus is the team that has produced the most World Cup champions (27), with Inter (20), Roma (16) and Milan (10), being respectively third, fourth and ninth in that ranking. Serie A, as it is structured today, began during the 1929–30 season . From 1898 to 1922,
7176-618: Was announced that Serie A was selected by the International Football Association Board to test video replays, which were initially private for the 2016–17 season , allowing them to become a live pilot phase, with replay assistance implemented in the 2017–18 season . On the decision, FIGC President Carlo Tavecchio said: "We were among the first supporters of using technology on the pitch and we believe we have everything required to offer our contribution to this important experiment." Serie A will continue
7268-447: Was awarded after: 1) Transferred 1 non-EU player abroad, or 2) Release 1 non-EU player as free agent, or 3) A non-EU player received EU nationality. Clubs with three or more non-EU players had two conditional quotas, but releasing two non-EU players as free agent only gave one quota instead of two. Serie B and Lega Pro clubs could not sign non-EU players from abroad, except those that followed a club promoted from Serie D . On 2 July 2010,
7360-542: Was eligible as youth product of their own) as well as under 21 of age (born 1995 or after, of which four players were eligible) in their 24-men call-up, It was reported that on Lega Serie A side the squad list was not updated. In 2015–16 season, the following quota was announced. Main page: Serie A Player of the Month The Serie A Player of the Month recognises the best player each month in Serie A, which
7452-486: Was inaugurated as a joint venture between Eni and Gazprom . In 2007, Eni signed an agreement to conduct South Stream a feasibility study with Gazprom to import Russian gas into Europe across the Black Sea . Activist asset manager Knight Vinke , who owns 1% of the outstanding shares of the company, began pressuring Eni's management to operate a spin-off of Eni's gas activities. In its opinion, this would solve
7544-666: Was inaugurated in Assemini , the second opened in Porto Torres , both in Sardinia . In July 2017, the oil giant accepted responsibility for an oil spill affecting the Fylde coast of Blackpool in the United Kingdom. In January 2018, Eni launched its new HPC4 supercomputer , one of the most powerful computing systems which allows a more effective and fast exploration of oil and gas reservoirs . Since February 2020 Eni replaced
7636-525: Was initially considered an accident, but later it was confirmed to be a murder with the aim of protecting and hiding important economic and political interests in Italy and especially abroad, as it is clearly stated in the records of the trial on the assassination of the journalist Mauro De Mauro , who was investigating the death of Enrico Mattei. During the following years, Eni signed joint venture contracts with foreign companies to supply crude from Egypt to Iran and from Libya to Tunisia. In 1963, Eni acquired
7728-522: Was nominated Eni's chairman. In 1952, the logo of the then nascent Eni was selected. The logo is a six-legged dog, an imaginary animal symbolizing the sum of a car's four wheels and the two legs of its driver. Starting in 1954, Eni acquired extensive exploration rights in North Africa, signing an agreement with the Egyptian government led by Nasser while providing an active and equal role for
7820-407: Was not completely abolished because, while unifying these tournaments, it was decided for the last time to assign two titles at the end of the season. In fact, the FIGC established to proclaim as Federal Champions (now turned into the main title) the first-placed club in the general classification, while recognised as Italian Champions (now become the secondary title) would be the best placed club among
7912-429: Was not formed until 1929–30 , the league recognizes clubs who were named Italian champions before the league's foundation. No champions was awarded in 1926–27 and 2004-05 seasons, after Torino and Juventus were stripped from their titles due to their involvement in football scandals. Bold indicates clubs which play in the 2024–25 Serie A . Boldface indicates a player still active in Serie A. Italics indicates
8004-703: Was organised, with regional tournaments and playoffs. Held in Turin on the occasion of the International Exhibition for the fiftieth anniversary of the Albertine Statute , with about one hundred spectators in attendance, it included four clubs, three matches, and lasted a single day. This is considered to be the first proper national football championship and was won using the Pyramid formation (2–3–5) by Genoa, which then went on to win five more championships in six years. Caffaro ,
8096-704: Was ranked the world's best national league in 2023 by IFFHS , and is ranked second among European leagues according to UEFA's league coefficient – behind the Premier League , and ahead of La Liga , Bundesliga and Ligue 1 – which is based on the performance of Italian clubs in the Champions League and the Europa League during the previous five years. Serie A led the UEFA ranking from 1986 to 1988 and from 1990 to 1999 . In its current format,
8188-492: Was reached to produce oil and gas at Cape Three Points in the Western Region of Ghana, in an attempt to enable Ghana to meet its power and energy needs. In August 2015, Eni announced the discovery of a huge gasfield off the coast of Egypt. In 2016, Eni launched Progetto Italia, which aims to redevelop its industrial areas and to create new renewable sources production plants: in 2018 the first photovoltaic plant
8280-690: Was reduced from 265 in 2002–03 season to 166 in 2006–07 season. This reduction also included players who received EU status after their respective countries joined the EU (see 2004 and 2007 enlargement ), which made players such as Adrian Mutu , Valeri Bojinov , Marek Jankulovski and Marius Stankevičius EU players. The quota system changed again at the beginning of the 2008–09 season: three quotas were awarded to clubs that do not have non-EU players in their squad (previously only newly promoted clubs could have three quotas); clubs that had one non-EU player had two quotas. Those clubs that had two non-EU players were awarded one quota and one conditional quota, which
8372-501: Was taken in agreement with the Italian government and does not violate the existing sanctions . The European Commissioner for Economy Paolo Gentiloni and the competent Russian federal authorities have confirmed that payments will continue to be made in euros and that the conversion operations will be carried out by Russian clearing agents without the involvement of the Russian Central Bank . In June 2022, Eni signed
8464-556: Was won by Juventus against Doria, while the 1908 Italian Championship and the Bruni Cup were won by Pro Vercelli , beating Juventus, Doria, and Milanese . The Federal Championship won by Juventus was later forgotten by FIGC due to the boycott by the dissident clubs. 1908 also saw a scission within Milan that led to the foundation of Inter . In the 1909 Italian football season, the two different championships were organised again, with
#981018