Misplaced Pages

#515484

21-643: The goal of disbanding the JNR was to privatize the newly created JR satellite companies, known collectively as the JR Group . Each of the seven companies was created as a kabushiki gaisha with the Japanese government as sole shareholder. Currently, JR East , JR West , JR Central and JR Kyushu are entirely privatized. JNRSC still holds titles to the remaining three JR Group companies, Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku), and

42-417: A distinction between JR railways (including former JR lines that are now third sector ) and other private railways , and JR railways are almost always denoted differently from other private railways when shown on maps. By the 1970s, passenger and freight business had declined, and fare increases had failed to keep up with higher labor costs. The JR Group companies were formed out of the privatization of

63-466: A nationwide freight operator. Unlike some other groups of companies, the JR Group is made up of independent companies, and it does not have group headquarters or a holding company to set the overall business policy. The six passenger railways of the JR Group are separated by region. Nearly all their services are within the prescribed geographic area. However, some long-distance operations extend beyond

84-540: A single freight railway company, Japan Freight Railway Company. The company has only about 50 kilometers (31 mi) of track of its own, and therefore operates on track owned by the six JR passenger railways as well as other companies which provide rail transport in Japan . In 2017, only about 5% of all freight in Japan is carried by rail but nearly all of that, 99%, is carried by JR Freight. Trucks carry about 50% and ships about 44%. JR Freight has seen its share of

105-467: Is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It provides transportation of cargo nationwide throughout Japan . Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo near Shinjuku Station . The Japan Railways Group was founded on 1 April 1987, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatized. Japanese National Railways was divided into six regional passenger rail companies and

126-558: The JR Companies Act , and are under the control of the public Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (JRTT), while JR East , JR Central , JR West , and JR Kyushu are completely floated in the stock market ; in addition, JR East, JR Central and JR West are constituents of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices. Because the railways used to be owned by the government, Japanese people generally make

147-585: The Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight). In 1987, when the privatization of Japanese National Railways took place, JNR debt totaled over ¥37 trillion. Upon passage of the 1987 Railway Reform Law, the debt of JNR was split, with 60% of the responsibility falling directly on the JNR Settlement Corporation, and 40% falling on three of the JR Group railway companies, JR East , JR Central , and JR West . While

168-569: The Japanese National Railways in 1987. In 1987, the government of Japan took steps to divide and privatize JNR. While division of operations began in April of that year, privatization was not immediate: initially, the government retained ownership of the companies. Privatization of some of the companies began in the early 1990s. By October 2016, all of the shares of JR East, JR Central, JR West and JR Kyushu had been offered to

189-702: The Railway Technical Research Institute and Railway Information Systems Co., Ltd. To cover various non-railway business areas, each regional operator in the JR Group has its own group of subsidiary companies with names like "JR East Group" and "JR Shikoku Group". Owned by JRTT Owned by JRTT Owned by JRTT Owned by the 7 railway companies above JR maintains a nationwide railway network as well as common ticketing rules that it inherited from JNR. Passengers may travel across several JR companies without changing trains and without purchasing separate tickets. However, trains running across

210-544: The Supreme Court of Japan ruled in favor of the JR Group companies, saying that unfair labor practices by JNR were not the responsibility of the JR Group companies, and as independently operating agencies, they were not legally obligated to hire back the dismissed workers. Litigation on the matter after 1998 rests on the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency, which now holds

231-684: The liability of the JNR was assumed by the JNR Settlement Corporation . The JR Group operates a large proportion of intercity rail service (including the Shinkansen high-speed rail lines) and commuter rail service. JR Hokkaido , JR Shikoku , and JR Freight ( JRF ) are governed by the Act for the Passenger Railway Companies and Japan Freight Railway Company  [ ja ] , also known as

SECTION 10

#1732772099516

252-409: The boundaries of JR companies have been reduced. JR maintains the same ticketing rules based on the JNR rules and has an integrated reservation system known as MARS (jointly developed with Hitachi ). Some types of tickets (passes), such as Japan Rail Pass and Seishun 18 Ticket , are issued as "valid for all JR lines" and accepted by all passenger JR companies. Various unions represent workers at

273-422: The boundaries. The Shirasagi train service between Nagoya and Kanazawa , for instance, uses JR West rolling stock but the segment of track between Nagoya and Maibara is owned by JR Central, whose crew manage the train on that section. Japan Freight Railway Company operates all freight service on the network previously owned by JNR. In addition, the group includes two non-operating companies. These are

294-548: The different JR Group companies, such as the National Railway Workers' Union , All Japan Construction, Transport and General Workers' Union , Doro-Chiba , and the Japan Confederation of Railway Workers' Unions . Japan Freight Railway Company Japan Freight Railway Company ( 日本貨物鉄道株式会社 , Nippon Kamotsu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha ) , or JR Freight ( JR貨物 , Jeiāru Kamotsu ) ,

315-412: The freight market gradually decrease since 1993. In the 2010s JR Freight has been carrying more freight because of the decrease in the number of available truck drivers due to age as well as government policy to reduce carbon dioxide. JR Freight has run a deficit for many years. While major part of the operation of JR Freight is on the tracks owned and maintained by other JR companies, JR Freight owns

336-610: The majority sum of the JNRSC's liability and assets. On June 28, 2010, 23 years after the original privatization, the Supreme Court settled the dispute between the workers and the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency , the successor body to the JNR Settlement Corporation. The agency said it would pay 20 billion yen, approximately 22 million yen per worker, to 904 plaintiffs. However, as

357-945: The market and they are now publicly traded. On the other hand, all of the shares of JR Hokkaido, JR Shikoku and JR Freight are still owned by Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency , an independent administrative institution of the state. All the JR Group companies operating in the Honshū region are constituents of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indexes. [REDACTED]   [REDACTED] Hokkaido [REDACTED]   [REDACTED] East [REDACTED]   [REDACTED] Central [REDACTED]   [REDACTED] West [REDACTED]   [REDACTED] Shikoku [REDACTED]   [REDACTED] Kyushu The Japan Railways Group consists of seven operating companies and two other companies that do not provide rail service. The operating companies are organized into six passenger operators and

378-433: The smaller portion was expected to be repaid, the three JR Group railway companies were not held liable for failed earnings, and only made significant profit through sale of stock. JNR dignitaries staggered interest payments on the large existing debt to keep the JNRSC from paying back the debts that it was expected to. During its tenure, the debt increased, leaving taxpayers to pay off nearly ¥24 trillion as of 2009. When JNR

399-432: The union or face being laid off. After the restructuring, some 7,600 former JNR workers, mostly Kokuro members, were left without jobs. JNRSC, after acquiring many of them, proceeded to fire more than 1,000. This controversy was cited as example of unfair labor practice by a number of union commissions, and litigation was brought up to fight against the anti-labor acts of JNR and its JR Group successors. On December 22, 2003,

420-534: The workers were not reinstated, it was not a full settlement. JR Group The Japan Railways Group , more commonly known as the JR Group ( JRグループ , Jeiāru Gurūpu ) or simply JR , is a group of railway companies in Japan that underwent division and privatization of the government-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. It consists of six passenger railway companies, one freight railway company, and two non-service companies. Most of

441-517: Was disbanded, many workers were left without jobs. The National Railway Workers' Union (Kokuro), and Japan Railway Motive Power Union , both prominent Japanese railway unions, represented a number of the JNR workers. JNR-provided lists contained workers' names for hire at the seven JR Group railway companies. Members of Kokuro and the Japan Railway Motive Power Union were left off this list after being instructed to leave

SECTION 20

#1732772099516
#515484