103-607: The Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced ( JEE-Advanced ) (formerly the Indian Institute of Technology – Joint Entrance Examination ( IIT-JEE )) is an academic examination held annually in India that tests the skills and knowledge of the applicants in physics, chemistry and mathematics. It is organised by one of the seven zonal Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs): IIT Roorkee , IIT Kharagpur , IIT Delhi , IIT Kanpur , IIT Bombay , IIT Madras , and IIT Guwahati , under
206-874: A Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad , for conducting the exams in Gujarati. A second petition was made in October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust. Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition, it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages violates article 14 of the Constitution of India . IIT council recommended major changes in entrance examination structure which
309-523: A 20% female enrolment target, total available seats increased further to 16,053, with over 1500 super-numerary female-only seats. In 2012, Super 30 founder and mathematician Anand Kumar criticized the New Admission Norms, saying that the decision of the IITs ' council to give a chance to students in the top 20% from various boards in the class 12 examinations was "a decision in haste". "This
412-431: A bar on the ongoing counseling process. There were three questions comprising a total of 11 marks that were unclear. JEE(Advanced) has also been criticised for its notoriously tough examination pattern, for a high school student, the questions asked go way beyond the scope of conventional teaching in schools, this forces the students to opt for coaching classes. The coaching classes create a situation of extreme pressure for
515-443: A common course structure for all the students, though in some IITs, a single department introduction-related course is also included. The common courses include the basics from most of the departments like Computers, Electronics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Electrical and Physics. At the end of the first year (the end of the first semester at IIT Madras, IIT Hyderabad, IIT Bhilai, IIT Palakkad, and IIT Roorkee), an option to change departments
618-534: A day, in addition to regular high school work. There were hundreds of academies across the country, and the most famous—in Kota, Rajasthan —attracted approximately 125,000 students each year. Coaching programs are major corporations, listed on the Indian stock market and also attracting billions of dollars of investment from private equity firms. The high-pressure environment at these coaching institutes has been blamed for
721-1344: A function, analysis of continuity and differentiability of a function, derivatives and their applications ( tangents and normals to a function, angle between curves, Rolle's theorem , Mean Value Theorem , monotonicity of a function, and maxima and minima of a function), indefinite antiderivative of a function, definite integrals , analysis of area bounded by a curve and its axis, and differential equations . General Physics , classical Newtonian Mechanics , Fluid Mechanics , Thermodynamics , Acoustics ( sound and oscillation ), Electromagnetism , Electrostatics , Electrodynamics or, Electromagnetism (Both electricity and magnetism ) and electromagnetic waves , Modern Physics ( radioactivity , Nuclear Physics , elementary Quantum mechanics ), Optics ( Both geometrical optics and wave optics ) General studies of substance ( moles , molarity , redox reactions , etc), atomic structure (with concerned topics of Quantum Mechanics ), states of matter , chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics , equilibrium chemistry (both chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium), Electrochemistry , colligative properties , titrations (including acid-base and redox ), Surface Science and Nuclear Chemistry . Periodic properties , bonding in chemicals (including
824-482: A higher standard than the Common Engineering Test (CET), which was formerly used for admission to all non-IIT engineering colleges and some state government colleges also in few states, including even RECs and IIITs , owing mostly to the rising competition and the goal of maintaining the exclusiveness of such institutes of national importance. It was renamed to JEE-Main in 2013. Until 2018, the exam
927-532: A highly sought-after achievement. In a 2018 interview, former IIT Delhi director V. Ramgopal Rao , said the exam is "tricky and difficult" because it is framed to "reject candidates, not to select them". In 2024, out of the 180,200 candidates who took the exam, 48,248 candidates qualified. The first institute among IITs , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , started in 1951. In its initial years before 1961, students were admitted based on their academic results, followed by an interview in several locations across
1030-473: A maximum of 4 attempts were given to students. In general, for the rest of the years, most students took the JEE-Main exam in either 1 or 2 attempts, even though a maximum of 3 attempts is allowed during two consecutive years. The examination consists of only two papers: Paper 1 for B.E. / B.Tech courses and Paper 2 for B.Arch and B.Planning courses. A candidate can opt for any or both the papers. Paper 1
1133-598: A preliminary requisite examination for JEE-Advanced . In 2024, NTA reduced JEE Main syllabus to reduce pressure and stress among students and to meet the same syllabus structure as that of the NCERT revised books. In the latest 2025 Information brochure, the syllabus remained same as of 2024 but NTA reduced the number of question in Section - B of Paper - 1 (B.E/B-Tech) from 5 out 10 questions (to be attempted) to 5 out of 5 questions (compulsory) with negative marking. The exam
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#17327730876361236-552: A preliminary selection and eligibility test for qualifying JEE (Advanced) for admission to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs ). Since mid 2019, the JEE has been conducted fully online as a computerized test . Before Central Board of Secondary Education , the JEE was administered by NTA . The AIEEE was introduced in 2002, since the newly established NITs , IIITs and GFTIs wanted an entrance examination paper of
1339-409: A significant number of suicides. There were several changes made to the exam in 2018. The Joint Admission Board (JAB) decided to conduct the entire exam online from 2018 onwards, hoping to reduce the chances of paper leak and make logistics and evaluation easier. It said that the online exam would neutralize the problem of misprinting. JEE(Advanced) 2020 was scheduled on 17 May 2020.However due to
1442-576: A topic of academic interest by the ins or have to work on a consultancy project given by the industries. The duration of the program is usually unspecified and depends on the specific discipline. PhD candidates have to submit a dissertation as well as provide an oral defence for their thesis. Teaching Assistantships (TA) and Research Assistantships (RA) are often provided. The IITs, along with NITs and IISc, account for nearly 80% of all engineering PhDs in India. IITs now allow admission in PhD programs without
1545-486: A two-tier examination. Whereas ranks from the first tier can be used to gain admission to the NITs and other engineering colleges in the country. In September 2005, the group of directors of all the IITs announced significant revisions to the examination. These were implemented from 2006 onward. The revised examination consisted of a single objective test, replacing and abolishing the earlier two-test system with screener. In
1648-521: A year (From 2021) applicants applicants registered applicants appeared applicants (From 2021) applicants applicants registered applicants appeared applicants (Before 2021) applicants applicants registered applicants appeared applicants Earlier, counselling for the JEE-Main was conducted through the CSAB; but, now, the authorities have made changes in the counselling procedure. The JAB (Joint Admission Board), representing IITs , and
1751-533: Is also one of the most popular and largest technical festivals in Asia in terms of participants and prize money involved. It has been granted patronage from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation ( UNESCO ) for providing a platform for students to showcase their talent in science and technology. Shaastra holds the distinction of being the first student-managed event in
1854-724: Is also used as a possible basis for admission by Indian applicants to non-Indian universities such as the University of Cambridge and the National University of Singapore . The JEE-Advanced has been consistently ranked as one of the toughest exams in the world. High school students from across India typically prepare for several years to take this exam, and most of them attending coaching institutes . The combination of its high difficulty level, intense competition, unpredictable paper pattern and low acceptance rate exerts immense pressure on aspirants, making success in this exam
1957-641: Is conducted by the National Testing Agency for admission to B.Tech , B.Arch , B.Planning etc. programs in premier technical institutes such as the National Institutes of Technology (NITs) , Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) and Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTIs) which are based on the rank secured in the JEE-Main. It is usually conducted twice every year: Session 1 and Session 2 (commonly known as January session and April session). It also serves as
2060-483: Is conducted in two papers of three hours each - Paper-1 and Paper-2,(both papers are compulsory to write)both the papers consist questions from three major subjects- Physics , Chemistry and Mathematics . Unlike most of the other exams, the type , the number of questions being asked in the paper, the total marks and the marking scheme varies from year to year depending upon the organizing institute, with an average of about 36–38 questions asked from each subject across both
2163-517: Is done considering the overall performance of the whole class. For each semester, the students are graded on a scale of 0 to 10 based on their performance, by taking a weighted average of the grade points from all the courses, with their respective credit points. Each semester evaluation is done independently and then the weighted average over all semesters is used to calculate the cumulative Grade Point Average (known as CGPA or CPI—Cumulative Performance Index). The Bachelor of Technology (BTech) degree
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#17327730876362266-462: Is effective from 2017 onwards. All India Engineering Entrance Examination ₹ 900 for General- EWS / OBC-NCL (Central List) candidates Joint Entrance Examination – Main ( JEE-Main ), formerly All India Engineering Entrance Examination ( AIEEE ), is an Indian standardized computer-based test for admission to various technical undergraduate programs in engineering , architecture , and planning across colleges in India. The exam
2369-587: Is given to meritorious students based on their performance in the first two semesters. Few such changes ultimately take place as the criteria for them are usually strict, limited to the most meritorious students. From the second year onward, the students study subjects exclusively from their respective departments. In addition to these, the students have to take compulsory advanced courses from other departments to broaden their education. Separate compulsory courses from humanities and social sciences departments, and sometimes management courses are also enforced. In
2472-464: Is linked to others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education of India is the ex officio chairperson of the IIT Council. According to data obtained through Right to Information (RTI) applications, approximately 38% of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) graduates from the class of 2024 have not secured job placements. This
2575-644: Is listed below. Higher Algebra (including certain topics from Linear Algebra ), Combinatorics , probability (including topics like conditional probability , Law of total probability , Bayes theorem ), Geometry , coordinate system ( points and lines , circles , parabolas , ellipses and hyperbolas ), Trigonometry (including the inverse trigonometric functions ), algebraic functions , exponential functions , logarithmic functions , floor function , fractional part function , signum function , even and odd functions , periodic functions , composite Function , inverse functions , limits , derivative of
2678-563: Is mandatory a computer based test (CBT) (called online mode ) from 2018 onwards. Until 2018, there was an option between offline pen and paper mode and online computer mode . The examination was conducted only in offline pen and paper mode till 2010. In 2011, as per the orders of the Ministry of Human Resource Development , CBSE conducted Paper 1 in Computer Based Test (CBT) mode for the first one lakh candidates who opted for
2781-454: Is offered in thirteen languages, namely English , Assamese , Bengali , Gujarati , Hindi , Kannada , Malayalam , Marathi , Odia , Punjabi , Tamil , Telugu , and Urdu . Institutes participating in the 2022 centralized seat allocation process included: The number of applicants taking the JEE-Main has varied over the years, with a peak of over 1.35 million in 2014. applicants applicants registered applicants appeared applicants
2884-474: Is one decision that will go against the poor, who don't have the opportunity to study in elite schools," he added. The IIT-JEE is conducted only in English and Hindi ; it has been criticized as being harder for students from places where other Indian languages, like Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam , Urdu , Oriya , Bengali , Marathi , Assamese , or Gujarati , are more prominent. In September 2011,
2987-499: Is the highest percentage in the past three years, with a steady increase from 19% in 2021 and 21% in 2022. In the late 1940s, a 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar , recommended the establishment of these institutions in various parts of India, along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with affiliated secondary institutions. The first Indian Institute of Technology
3090-551: Is the most common undergraduate degree in the IITs in terms of student enrollment, although Bachelor of Science (BS) degree, dual degrees integrating Master of Science or Master of Arts are also offered. The BTech course is based on a 4-year program with eight semesters, while the Dual Degree and Integrated courses are 5-year programs with ten semesters. In all IITs, the first year of BTech and Dual Degree courses are marked by
3193-558: Is traditionally used to test students' understanding of fundamentals and their ability to apply them to solve tough unseen problems, the current pattern does not stress much on the application part and might lead to a reduced quality of students. IIT-JEE is conducted only in English and Hindi , making it harder for students with regional languages as their main language. In September 2011, the Gujarat High Court has acted on
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3296-540: Is undertaken to make quality education accessible to all students. The academic policies of each IIT are decided by its Senate . This comprises all professors of the IIT and student representatives. Unlike many Western universities that have an elected senate, the IITs have an academic senate. It controls and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations and results, and appoints committees to look into specific academic matters. The teaching, training and research activities of
3399-646: The AIEEE was introduced, and it was used for admissions to many institutions of national importance other than the IITs. In June 2005, The Hindu newspaper led a campaign for reforming the IIT-JEE to eradicate the "coaching mania" and to improve gender and socio-economic diversity. Two possible solutions were proposed - either a convergence between the screening test and the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE) , or
3502-606: The Central Seat Allocation Board (CSAB) and the Joint Admission Board of IITs (JAB-IITs) for joint counselling and seat allocation to IITs and the NIT+ system, which consists of 31 NITs , IIEST Shibpur , 26 IIITs , three Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) and 37 GFTIs (Central/State Government Funded Technical Institutions) . In 2011, CBSE postponed the exam by a few hours after
3605-404: The Gujarat High Court acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad , demanding the examinations be conducted in Gujarati too. A second petition was made that October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust. Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition, it was claimed that not conducting the exam in
3708-460: The IITs having to pass the nationwide standardized engineering entrance exam JEE-Main with high marks, and then take the JEE-Advanced to qualify for the IITs . In 2018, the JEE-Advanced exam started being conducted online . of marks in each subject of aggregate marks for SC/ST/PWD Minimum percentage of aggregate/subject marks may be lowered subsequently considering the toughness of
3811-581: The Indian Maritime University Kolkata , the Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy , the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology and the Indian Institute of Space Technology , use the score obtained in the JEE-Advanced exam as the sole basis for admission. The Indian Institute of Science also uses the score obtained in the JEE-Advanced exam as one of the basis for admission. The JEE-Advanced score
3914-593: The Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University was made a member of the IITs and renamed as IIT (BHU) Varanasi . Student agitations in the state of Assam made Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a new IIT in Assam. This led to the establishment of a sixth institution at Guwahati under the Assam Accord in 1994. In 2001, the University of Roorkee was converted into IIT Roorkee. Over
4017-418: The Ministry of Human Resource Development announced plans to replace JEE with a common entrance test for all government engineering colleges which will be called Indian Science Engineering Eligibility Test (ISEET), by 2013. Accordingly, MHRD proposes to set up National Testing Service, which will be an autonomous and self-sustained agency to conduct this new common entrance test. The JEE-Main also serves as
4120-566: The National Bureau of Economic Research found that among the top 1,000 JEE scorers, 36% migrated abroad, while for the top 100 scorers, the rate was 62%, primarily to the U.S. and for graduate school. This trend has been reversed somewhat (dubbed the reverse brain drain ) as hundreds of IIT graduates, who have pursued further studies in the US, started returning to India in the 1990s. The extent of intellectual loss receded substantially over
4223-611: The 11th Five year plan , eight states were identified for establishment of new IITs. From 2008 to 2009, eight new IITs were set up in Gandhinagar , Jodhpur , Hyderabad , Indore , Patna , Bhubaneswar , Ropar , and Mandi . In 2015 to 2016, six new IITs in Tirupati , Palakkad , Dharwad , Bhilai , Goa , and Jammu , approved through a 2016 bill amendment, were founded, along with the conversion of Indian School of Mines Dhanbad into IIT, Dhanbad . The entire allocation by
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4326-730: The 1990s and 2000s, with the percentage of students going abroad dropping from as high as 70% at one time to around 30% in 2005. This is largely attributed to the liberalization of the Indian economy and the opening of previously closed markets. Government initiatives are encouraging IIT students into entrepreneurship programs and are increasing foreign investment. Emerging scientific and manufacturing industries, and outsourcing of technical jobs from North America and Western Europe have created opportunities for aspiring graduates in India. Additionally, IIT alumni are giving back generously to their parent institutions. The highly competitive examination in
4429-832: The Board of Governors is the Director , who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT. Under the Director, in the organisational structure, comes the Deputy Director . Under the Director and the deputy director, come the Deans , Heads of Departments, Registrar , President of the Students' Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. The Registrar is the chief administrative officer of
4532-524: The COVID-19 pandemic , the JEE-Main 2020 April attempt was postponed to September(JEE(Main) 2020 September attempt was held from September 1 2020 to September 6 2020),JEE(Advanced) 2020 was also postponed and was held on 27 September 2020. A series of schedule revisions were carried out in 2021. The former Education minister of India, Ramesh Pokhriyal confirmed the dates for the exam. JEE-Main exam
4635-579: The CSAB (Central Seat Allocation Board), making agreements on behalf of the NITs (National Institutes of Technology) and other CFTIs (Centrally Funded Technical Institutes) , are now united to conduct counselling (common counselling) for the two exams of the IIT-JEE. The memo for the same was signed on 2 May 2015. These two together are known as the Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA). The ministry of education constituted Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA) consisting of
4738-586: The IIT and overviews the day-to-day operations. Below the Heads of Department (HOD) are the faculty members (Professors, Associate Professors, and Assistant Professors). The Wardens come under the Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. The Institute of Technology Act (parliamentary legislation) gives legal status, including degree-granting powers, to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs). It
4841-406: The IIT entrance exam and considered them to be "nonsense". In a documentary aired by CBS , Vinod Khosla , co-founder of Sun Microsystems states, "The IITs probably are the hardest schools in the world to get into, to the best of my knowledge". The documentary further concludes, "Put Harvard , MIT , and Princeton together, and you begin to get an idea of the status of IIT in India" to depict
4944-513: The IIT-JEE had joined coaching classes. Indeed, this was the case regarding preparation for IIT entrance exams even decades ago. In a January 2010 lecture at the Indian Institute of Science , the 2009 Nobel laureate in Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan revealed that he failed to get a seat at any of the Indian engineering and medical colleges. He also said that his parents, being old-fashioned, did not believe in coaching classes to prepare for
5047-584: The IITs have sports grounds for basketball , cricket , football (soccer) , hockey , volleyball , lawn tennis , badminton , athletics and swimming pools for aquatic events. Usually, the hostels also have their own sports grounds. Moreover, an Inter IIT Sports Meet is organised annually where participants from all 23 IITs contest for the General Championship Trophy in 13 different sports. Along with Inter IIT Cultural Meet and Tech Meet, all of them generally happening on various dates in
5150-455: The IITs. IIT Tirupati and IIT Palakkad were started in 2015 and four more institutes ( IIT Bhilai , IIT Dharwad , IIT Goa , and IIT Jammu ) opened in 2016. In 2018, to ensure minimum female enrollment of 14%, the IITs introduced "female-only" and "gender-neutral" seats based on 2017 enrollment statistics; and "super-numerary" seats were allocated per-institute and per-course to reach a 14% target. With these, and slight overall seat increases,
5253-577: The Overall Category. IITs practice affirmative action and offer reservation to the "backward and weaker sections" of the society that includes SC/ST/OBC-NCL/EWS/PWD/Girl candidates. About 50% of seats are reserved for candidates holding backward-caste certificates, and 10% seats are further reserved for candidates from general (unreserved) category who fulfill the economically weaker section criteria. Furthermore, students from reserved categories pay significantly lower fees compared to students from
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#17327730876365356-870: The Post Graduate Diploma in Information Technology (PGDIT), Masters in Medical Science and Technology ( MMST ), Masters in City Planning (MCP), Master of Arts (MA), Postgraduate Diploma in intellectual property Law (PGDIPL), and the Postgraduate Diploma in Maritime Operation & Management (PGDMOM). Some of the IITs offer an M.S. (by research) program; the MTech and M.S. are similar to
5459-694: The US universities' non-thesis (course-based) and thesis (research-based) masters programs respectively. Admissions to master's programs in engineering are made using scores of the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), while those to master's programs in science are made using scores of the Joint Admission Test for M.Sc. (JAM). Several IITs have schools of management offering master's degrees in management or business administration. In April 2015, IIT Bombay launched
5562-424: The US. Since the US benefited from subsidized education in IITs at the cost of Indian taxpayers' money, critics say that subsidising education in IITs is useless. Others support the emigration of graduates, arguing that the capital sent home by the IIT graduates has been a major source of the expansion of foreign exchange reserves for India, which, until the 1990s, had a substantial trade deficit . A 2023 study by
5665-584: The Undergraduate and Postgraduate studies in Science streams in a single degree program against the conventional university system. These programs were started to allow its graduates to complete postgraduate studies from IIT rather than having to go to another institute. The IITs also offer the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) as part of their doctoral education programme . In it, the candidates are given
5768-947: The Union Government, the Chairmen of all IITs, the Directors of all IITs, the Chairman of the University Grants Commission , the Director General of CSIR , the Chairman of IISc , the Director of IISc, three members of Parliament, the Joint Council Secretary of Ministry of Education, and three appointees each of the Union Government, AICTE , and the Visitor. Under the IIT Council is the Board of Governors of each IIT. Under
5871-612: The amount varies between ₹ 900–1300 million ($ 19–27 million) per year for each IIT. Other sources of funds include student fees and research funding from industry and contributions from the alumni. The faculty-to-student ratio in the IITs is between 1:6 and 1:8. The Standing Committee of IIT Council (SCIC) prescribes the lower limit for faculty-to-student ratio as 1:9, applied department wise. The IITs subsidize undergraduate student fees by approximately 80% and provide scholarships to all Master of Technology students and Research Scholars (PhD) to encourage students for higher studies, per
5974-463: The central government for the 2017–18 budget for all Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) was slightly over ₹ 70 billion (US$ 840 million). However, the aggregate money spent by Indian students for tertiary education in the United States was about six times more than what the central government spends on all IITs. In June 2023, education officials of India and Tanzania announced that
6077-668: The changes in educational requirements, free from bureaucratic hurdles. The government has no direct control over internal policy decisions of IITs (like faculty recruitment and curricula) but has representation on the IIT Council . The medium of instruction in all IITs is English. The electronic libraries allow students to access online journals and periodicals. The IITs and IISc, Bengaluru have taken an initiative along with Ministry of Education to provide free online videos of actual lectures of different disciplines under National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning . This initiative
6180-425: The competition as well as demand for the elite institutes. Not all children are of a similar aptitude level and may be skilled in different paradigms and fields. This has led to criticism of the way the examinations are conducted and the way a student is forced in the Indian community. The IIT-JEE format was restructured in 2006 following these complaints. After the change to the objective pattern of questioning, even
6283-419: The compounds and preparation of hydrocarbons , alkyl halides , carbonyl compounds ( alcohols , phenols and ethers ), aromatic compounds , biomolecules , carbohydrates and polymers , amines , Chemistry in everyday life and practical Organic Chemistry. The number of students taking the examination increased substantially each year with 506,484 candidates registered for JEE-Advanced- 2012. However, with
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#17327730876366386-449: The country. From 1955 to 1960, admissions for the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur were conducted via a national examination. Academic disciplines were allotted to the students via interviews and counselling sessions held at Kharagpur . The IIT-JEE was first conducted in 1961 as Common Entrance Exam (CEE), coinciding with the 1961 IIT Act. In 1978, the English paper was not considered when ranking participants' performance in
6489-518: The dean of IIT Madras proposed further revisions to the examination, arguing that the coaching institutes were "enabling many among the less-than-best students to crack the test and keeping girls from qualifying". They expressed concern that the present system did not allow for applicants' 12 years of schooling to have a bearing on admissions into IIT . In 2008, the Indian Institutes of Technology began offering their admission tests in Dubai . Annually,
6592-598: The entrance exam in English or Hindi , neither of which was their medium of instruction nor their mother tongue, and so were denied their fundamental right to take the entrance exam in a language familiar to them. Shiv Sena urged the MHRD to conduct the IIT-JEE and other national undergraduate entrance exams in regional languages, particularly Marathi in Maharashtra. In 2017, the Supreme Court ordered JAB to put
6695-608: The examination in 1961, the syllabus majorly consists of topics that are taught in Indian High schools, from the curriculum of Class XI and Class XII. These include topics from Mathematics , Physics and Chemistry ( Organic Chemistry , Inorganic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry ). A recent change in the syllabus was carried out in November 2021, when a revised syllabus was adopted for the exam, this syllabus has been implemented from 2023 onwards. A brief overview of topics asked
6798-457: The examination. In 1998, the English test was discontinued. In 1997, the IIT-JEE was conducted twice after the question paper was leaked in some locations. Between 2000 and 2005, an additional screening test was used alongside the main examination, intended to reduce pressure on the main examination by allowing only about 20,000 top candidates to appear for the examination, out of more than 450,000 applicants. In 2002, an additional exam called
6901-541: The first U.S.-India joint EMBA program alongside Washington University in St. Louis . The IITs also offer an unconventional BTech and MTech integrated educational program called "Dual Degree". It integrates undergraduate and postgraduate studies in selected areas of specialisation. It is completed in five years as against six years in conventional BTech (four years) followed by an MTech (two years). Integrated Master of Science programs are also offered at few IITs which integrates
7004-459: The first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956, said: Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India's future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolically of the changes coming to India. On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). The location of these campuses
7107-400: The first foreign IIT campus would be established on the Tanzanian autonomous territory of Zanzibar , as a satellite campus of IIT Madras . The campus is scheduled to begin offering classes in October 2023. The President of India is the ex officio Visitor , and has residual powers . Directly under the President is the IIT Council, comprising minister-in-charge of technical education in
7210-469: The form of IIT-JEE has led to the establishment of a large number of coaching institutes throughout the country that provide intensive, and specific preparation for the IIT-JEE for substantial fees. It is argued that this favours students from specific regions and richer backgrounds. Some coaching institutes say that they have individually coached nearly 800 successful candidates year after year. According to some estimates, nearly 95% of all students who clear
7313-491: The guidance of the Joint Admission Board (JAB) on a round-robin rotation pattern for the qualifying candidates of the Joint Entrance Examination – Main (exempted for foreign nationals and candidates who have secured OCI/PIO cards on or after 04-03-2021). It used to be the sole prerequisite for admission to the IITs' bachelor's programs before the introduction of UCEED , Online B.S. and Olympiad entries, but seats through these new media are very low. Other universities, such as
7416-579: The initial recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, it was decided that new IITs should be spread throughout the country. When the government expressed its willingness to correct this regional imbalance, 16 states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi Committee prescribed strict guidelines for institutions aspiring to be IITs, only seven colleges were selected for final consideration. Plans are also reported to open IITs outside India, although there has not been much progress in this regard. Eventually in
7519-497: The institute are periodically reviewed by the senate to maintain educational standards. The Director of an IIT is the ex-officio Chairman of the Senate. All the IITs follow the credits system of performance evaluation, with proportional weighting of courses based on their importance. The total marks (usually out of 100) form the basis of grades , with a grade value (out of 10) assigned to a range of marks. Sometimes, relative grading
7622-534: The last year of their studies, most of the students are placed into industries and organisations via the placement process of the respective IIT, though some students opt out of this either when going for higher studies or when they take up jobs by applying to the companies directly. The IITs offer several postgraduate programs including Master of Technology (MTech) , Master of Business Administration (MBA) , and Master of Science (MSc) . Some IITs offer specialised graduate programmes such as Master of Design (M.Des.) ,
7725-402: The mandatory GATE score. All the IITs provide on-campus residential facilities to the students, research scholars and faculty. The students live in hostels (sometimes referred to as halls ) throughout their stay in the IIT. Students in all IITs must choose among National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and National Sports Organisation (NSO) in their first years. All
7828-802: The month of December every year. All IITs organize annual technical festivals, typically lasting three or four days. The technical festivals are Shaastra (IIT Madras), Advitiya ( IIT Ropar ), Kshitij (IIT Kharagpur), Techfest (IIT Bombay), Technex (IIT-BHU Varanasi), Cognizance (IIT Roorkee), Concetto ( IIT-ISM Dhanbad ), Tirutsava ( IIT Tirupati ), Nvision (IIT Hyderabad), Meraz (IIT Bhilai), Amalthea, (IIT Gandhinagar), Techkriti (IIT Kanpur), Tryst (IIT Delhi), Techniche (IIT Guwahati), Wissenaire (IIT Bhubaneswar), Technunctus (IIT Jammu), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Fluxus (IIT Indore), Celesta (IIT Patna) and IGNUS (IIT Jodhpur) Petrichor(IIT Palakkad). Most of them are organized in January or March. Techfest (IIT Bombay)
7931-435: The number of candidates for the examination in Dubai varies between 200 and 220. In 2013, the AIEEE was renamed JEE-Main , and IIT-JEE was renamed JEE-Advanced; the JEE-Main had become the screening exam for JEE-Advanced. The two-tier reform suggested in 2005 may become a reality as the Indian government has announced plans for a single entrance exam for all engineering colleges from 2018, with students aspiring for
8034-401: The paper and the need of students. of marks in each subject of aggregate marks for SC/ST/PWD The JEE – Advanced exam is conducted by the seven zonal Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) : IIT Roorkee , IIT Kharagpur , IIT Delhi , IIT Kanpur , IIT Bombay , IIT Madras and IIT Guwahati on a rotating basis. This list shows the organizers of the exam in recent years. JEE(Advanced)
8137-457: The past few years, there have been several developments toward establishing new IITs. On 1 October 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced plans to create more IITs "by upgrading existing academic institutions that have the necessary promise and potential". Subsequent developments led to the formation of the S K Joshi Committee, in November 2003, to guide the selection of the five institutions which would be converted into IITs. Based on
8240-539: The purview of the Ministry of Education of the Indian Government and are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 . The Act refers to them as Institutes of National Importance and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. 23 IITs currently fall under the tenor of this act. Each IIT operates autonomously and
8343-437: The quality of teaching and research in IITs. With the tripling the number of IITs in recent decades, the newly created institutes have struggled to establish themselves compared to their peers. A 2021 report by Comptroller and Auditor General of India criticized the newer IITs for not meeting targets for research, faculty and student recruitment, students retention, as well as for being beset with infrastructure delays. In
8446-442: The recent past, the number of student suicides has attracted significant attention. Among the criticisms of the IIT system by the media and academia, a common notion is that it encourages brain drain . Until liberalisation started in the early 1990s, India experienced large scale emigration of IIT graduates to developed countries, especially to the United States. Since 1953, nearly twenty-five thousand IIT graduates have settled in
8549-677: The recommendations of the Thacker Committee (1959–1961). The cost borne by undergraduate students is around ₹180,000 per year. Students from the OBC , ST, SC categories, female students as well as physically challenged students are also entitled to scholarships. The various IITs function autonomously, and their special status as Institutes of National Importance facilitates the smooth running of IITs, virtually free from both regional as well as student politics. Such autonomy means that IITs can create their curricula and adapt rapidly to
8652-805: The regional languages violates article 14 of the Constitution of India . The Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) party, a political party in Tamil Nadu , held a demonstration at Chennai for conducting the IIT-JEE and other national entrance exams in regional languages also, particularly Tamil in Tamil Nadu . The PMK party filed Public Interest Litigation in the Madras High Court to conduct the IIT-JEE entrance exam in Tamil . They claimed that every year 763,000 students were completing grade 12 in Tamil Nadu, 75% of them from Tamil Medium. They had to take
8755-401: The revised examination, to be eligible for taking it, candidates in the general category had to obtain at least 60% aggregate marks in the 12th-grade examinations organized by various educational boards of India, while candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Persons With Disabilities (PwD) categories needed a minimum score of 55%. In 2008, the director and
8858-452: The same, while the remaining students took the examination in the conventional pen and paper mode. The number of attempts which a candidate can avail at the examination is limited to three in consecutive years. As of 2018 , the top 2,24,000 rankers of JEE-Main will qualify to take the second and final level of examination: JEE-Advanced. this number of 2.24 lakh is not fixed this may vary as per difficulty level of paper of jee mains . In 2010,
8961-518: The shifts, For example, the 2021 JEE-Advanced paper had 38 questions (19 questions in Paper-1 and the next 19 in Paper-2) from each of the three subjects. Each paper in every subject is divided into 4 sections(The marking scheme may vary from year to year): Some previous year papers also included matrix match type questions instead of single-correct multiple choice questions. Since the starting of
9064-403: The students who initially considered themselves not fit for subjective pattern of IIT-JEE decided to take the examination. Though the restructuring was meant to reduce the dependence of students on coaching classes, it led to an increase in students registering for coaching classes. Some people (mostly IIT graduates) have criticized the changed pattern of the IIT-JEE. They reason that while IIT-JEE
9167-523: The students, gradually affecting their mental health. Preparation for the Joint Entrance Exam begins typically two to four years before students take the test. Most students who passed this exam attended coaching institutes , which had created a ₹2309992.61 billion industry with annual tuition of up to ₹288850,000. These academies included mock tests multiple times a week, up to 200 students per class, and long hours, ranging from 4 to 7 hours
9270-414: The suicide rates appear to be consistent among students from both reserved and non-reserved categories. The IITs have faced criticism from within and outside academia. Major concerns include allegations that they encourage brain drain and that their stringent entrance examinations encourage coaching colleges and put heavy pressure on the student's body. Recently some prominent IITians have also questioned
9373-1031: The theories of bonding i.e. Valence bond theory , VSEPR Theory and Molecular orbital theory ), coordination compounds and complexes , metallurgy , qualitative inorganic salt analysis , hydrogen , detailed studies of reactions, physical and chemical properties, along with their certain compounds of alkali metals , alkaline earth metals , boron family , carbon family , nitrogen family , oxygen family , halogens and noble gases , transition elements (including noble metals ), actinides , lanthanides , types of reactions and environmental chemistry . IUPAC nomenclature , General Organic Chemistry (including hybridization , hydrogen bonding , inductive effects , isomerism , resonance , aromaticity , hyperconjugation , mesomerism , carbocations and carbanions , free radical , bond cleavage including heterolysis and homolysis , stereoisomerism including enantiomers and diastereomers ), organic reagents , some named reactions , detailed analysis of reaction mechanisms ,
9476-461: The third and fourth phases of the JEE-Main examination that were to be held in the respective months of April and May— due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The third and fourth phases of the JEE-Main examinations were later held on 20 July - 3 August and 26 August – 2 September, respectively. The JEE-Advanced exam was held on 3 October 2021. JEE-Advanced 2022 was scheduled to be held on 3 July 2022 in
9579-528: The top four engineering colleges within India were IITs. In 2019 QS World University Ranking , IIT Bombay ranked highest at 162, followed by IIT Delhi (172), IIT Madras (264), IIT Kanpur (283), IIT Kharagpur (295), IIT Roorkee (381) and IIT Guwahati (472). In the 2022 NIRF rankings published by Ministry of Education, India , IIT Madras has been ranked 1st for seven consecutive years in the Engineering Category and for four consecutive years in
9682-406: The total seat availability was over 12,000, including 801 "super-numerary female-only" seats. For 2019, with the partial rollout of a 10% EWS quota (without a reduction in non-reserved seats) and the increase of the female enrollment target to 17%, the total seats available went up to over 13,500, with over 1200 super-numerary female-only seats. In 2020, with the full rollout of the 10% EWS quota and
9785-534: The two stage JEE-Main + JEE-Advanced structure from 2013, the number of candidates in JEE-Advanced is fixed at 150 thousand students in 2013 and it is increased in subsequent years to 250 thousand as of 2022. The total seats available in each institute (Seat Matrix) is summarized in table below. Note: This intake is only about bachelor's program intake through JEE-Advanced and it is not about intake in IITs, because some IITs also admit students through UCEED and Olympiads. In 2011, additional courses were introduced in
9888-484: The unreserved category. Despite the implementation of reservation policies, provision of economic assistance, and enforcement of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 , IITs have faced allegations of caste-based discrimination. Instances of suicides among students from reserved categories are often cited to illustrate this ongoing issue. However, it's important to note that
9991-428: The usual two sessions - Morning and Afternoon (both compulsory). However, with 2022 JEE-Main being postponed from April / May to 20–29 June / 21–30 July, JEE-Advanced 2022 was also postponed and subsequently held on 28 August 2022. Indian Institutes of Technology The Indian Institutes of Technology ( IITs ) are a network of engineering and technology institutions in India. Established in 1950, they are under
10094-1224: The world to implement a formal Quality Management System , earning ISO 9001:2000 certification. Kshitij, which is branded as a techno-management festival due to its emphasis on both technology and management, is the largest of these festivals by sponsorship money. Annual cultural festivals are also organized by the IITs and last three to four days. These include Thomso (IIT Roorkee), Kashiyatra (IIT BHU Varanasi), Alcheringa (IIT Guwahati), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Saarang and Paradox (annual fests of IIT Madras BTech and BS Degree respectively), Spring Fest (IIT Kharagpur, also known as SF), Rendezvous (IIT Delhi), Meraz (IIT Bhilai), Tirutsava (IIT Tirupati), Srijan, (earlier known as Saturnalia, IIT Dhanbad), Tarang (culfest) (previously Rave), Anwesha (IIT Patna), SPANDAN (IIT Jodhpur), Renao (IIT Jammu), Petrichor (IIT Palakkad), Blithchron (IIT Gandhinagar), ELAN (IIT Hyderabad), Alma Fiesta (IIT Bhubaneswar), Mood Indigo (IIT Bombay, also known as Mood-I), Antaragni (IIT Kanpur) and Zeitgeist ( IIT Ropar ). IITs have generally ranked above all other engineering colleges in India for Engineering. According to Outlook India 's Top Engineering Colleges of 2017,
10197-664: Was chosen to be scattered throughout India to prevent regional imbalance. The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to reflect the addition of new IITs. In the tenth meeting of IIT Council in 1972, it was also proposed to convert the then IT-BHU into an IIT and a committee was appointed by IIT Council for the purpose but because of political reasons, the desired conversion could not be achieved then. IT-BHU had been taking admissions through Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE) for undergraduate courses and Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) for postgraduate courses since 1972. Finally, in 2012
10300-771: Was founded in May 1950 at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp in Kharagpur , West Bengal . The name "Indian Institute of Technology" was adopted before the formal inauguration of the institute on 18 August 1951 by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad . On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act , declaring it as an Institute of National Importance . Jawaharlal Nehru , first Prime Minister of India , in
10403-517: Was held both in pen and paper and CBT modes, as well as was held in the first week of April by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). It is conducted by National Testing Agency in CBT mode only from 2018 onwards. The 2020 and 2021 exams were postponed and conducted later in the same years, due to the coronavirus pandemic . 2021 was the only year throughout JEE-Main history, when
10506-406: Was notified in the gazette as Act Number 59 of 1961 on 20 December 1961 and came into effect on 1 April 1962. The Act also declares these institutes as Institutes of National Importance . The IITs receive comparatively higher grants than other engineering colleges in India. While the total government funding to most other engineering colleges is around ₹ 100–200 million ($ 2–4 million) per year,
10609-421: Was slated to be conducted in eight sessions over four days— two sessions each day— for each phase, with a total of four phases being held in four different months. The first phase was organized from the 23 to 28 February, while the other phases were scheduled to be organized in the subsequent months of March, April and May. The JEE-Advanced exam was scheduled to be held on 3 July 2021 but was postponed— together with
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