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103-412: Joan Chandos Baez ( / b aɪ z / BYZE , Spanish: [ˈbaes] ; born January 9, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist. Her contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest and social justice . Baez has performed publicly for over 60 years, releasing more than 30 albums. Baez is generally regarded as a folk singer , but her music has diversified since

206-672: A 23-minute title song which took up all of the B-side of the album. Half spoken word poem and half tape-recorded sounds, the song documented Baez's visit to Hanoi , North Vietnam , in December 1972 during which she and her traveling companions survived the 11-day-long Christmas Bombings campaign over Hanoi and Haiphong . (See Vietnam War in Civil rights section below.) Gracias a la Vida (1974) (the title song written and first performed by Chilean folk singer Violeta Parra ) followed and

309-463: A Spanish-speaking congregation. Albert first considered becoming a minister but instead turned to the study of mathematics and physics and received his PhD from Stanford University in 1950. Albert was later credited as a co-inventor of the X-ray microscope . Joan's cousin, John C. Baez , is a mathematical physicist . Her mother, Joan Chandos Baez (née Bridge), referred to as Joan Senior or "Big Joan",

412-458: A Time , like David's Album , featured a decidedly country sound. Baez's distinctive vocal style and political activism had a significant impact on American popular music. She was one of the first musicians to use her popularity as a vehicle for social protest, singing and marching for human rights and peace. Pete Seeger , Odetta , and decades-long friend Harry Belafonte were her early social justice advocate influences. Baez came to be considered

515-424: A Voice to Sing With is "I was born gifted" (referring to her singing voice, which she explained was given to her and for which she can take no credit). A friend of Joan's father gave her a ukulele . She learned four chords, which enabled her to play rhythm and blues , the music she was listening to at the time. Her parents, however, were fearful that the music would lead her into a life of drug addiction . When Baez

618-646: A benefit for her sister Mimi's Bread and Roses organization. She later returned for another concert in 1996. Beginning in 2001, Baez has had several successful long-term engagements as a lead character at San Francisco's Teatro ZinZanni . In August 2001, Vanguard began re-releasing Baez's first 13 albums, which she recorded for the label between 1960 and 1971. The reissues, being released through Vanguard's Original Master Series, feature digitally restored sound, unreleased bonus songs, new and original artwork, and new liner-note essays written by Arthur Levy. Likewise, her six A&M albums were reissued in 2003. In 2003, Baez

721-629: A classical music composer, who provided classical orchestration for her next three albums: Noël (1966), Joan (1967), and Baptism: A Journey Through Our Time (1968). Noël was a Christmas album of traditional material, while Baptism was akin to a concept album , featuring Baez reading and singing poems written by celebrated poets such as James Joyce , Federico García Lorca , and Walt Whitman . Joan featured interpretations of work by contemporary composers, including John Lennon and Paul McCartney , Tim Hardin , Paul Simon , and Donovan . In 1968, Baez traveled to Nashville, Tennessee , where

824-529: A contract with a major label, Virgin Records , recording Play Me Backwards (1992) for Virgin shortly before the company was purchased by EMI . She then switched to Guardian, with whom she produced a live album, Ring Them Bells (1995), and a studio album, Gone from Danger (1997). In 1993, at the invitation of Refugees International and sponsored by the Soros Foundation , she traveled to

927-612: A dissident human-rights group, which resulted in her microphone being shut off abruptly. Baez then proceeded to sing a cappella for the nearly four thousand gathered. Havel cited her as a great inspiration and influence in that country's Velvet Revolution , the revolution in which the Soviet-dominated Communist government there was overthrown. Baez recorded two more albums with Gold Castle: Speaking of Dreams , (1989) and Brothers in Arms (1991). She then landed

1030-500: A few friends, resulting in eight patrons. Baez was paid ten dollars before she was later asked back and began performing twice a week for $ 25 per show. A few months later, Baez and two other folk enthusiasts made plans to record an album in the cellar of a friend's house. The trio sang solos and duets and a family friend designed the album cover, which was released on Veritas Records that same year as Folksingers 'Round Harvard Square . Baez later met Bob Gibson and Odetta , who were at

1133-560: A folk rock and indie folk band was formed in 2007 and achieved prominence in 2010. Shenandoah Run formed in 2011 to bring contemporary American folk music of the 1960s to modern listeners. Filk music can be considered folk music stylistically and culturally (though the 'community' it arose from, science fiction fandom , is an unusual and thoroughly modern one). Neofolk began in the 1980s, fusing traditional European folk music with post-industrial music , historical topics, philosophical commentary, traditional songs and paganism . The genre

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1236-445: A folk/pop blend. The mid to late Sixties saw the development of British folk rock , with a focus on indigenous (European, and, emblematically, English) songs. A key British folk rock moment was the release of Fairport Convention 's album Liege and Lief . Guitarist Richard Thompson declared that the music of the band demanded a corresponding "English Electric" style, while bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span to pursue

1339-420: A genre label is a rather nebulous one, but one that has been employed often at least since the mid-1970s. For dedicated enthusiasts, the category largely includes the works of contemplative post- Dylan singer-songwriters, who were influenced by his and other late 1960s' and 1970s' artists' country rock sounds, but who, recording slightly later, preferred a gentler, more acoustic-dominant sound that allowed focus on

1442-462: A guest spot on their subsequent Human Rights Now! tour. Baez found herself without an American label for the release of Live Europe 83 (1984), which was released in Europe and Canada but not released commercially in the U.S. She did not have an American release until the album Recently (1987) on Gold Castle Records . In 1987, Baez's second autobiography, called And a Voice to Sing With ,

1545-419: A live album that had Baez performing songs "from every stage" of her career, Baez again parted ways with a record label when she moved to CBS Records for Blowin' Away (1977) and Honest Lullaby (1979). In 1980, Baez was given honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degrees by Antioch University and Rutgers University for her political activism and the "universality of her music". In 1983, she appeared on

1648-656: A marathon recording session resulted in two albums. The first, Any Day Now (1968), consists exclusively of Dylan covers. The other, the country-music-infused David's Album (1969), was recorded for husband David Harris , a prominent anti- Vietnam War protester eventually imprisoned for draft resistance . Harris, a country music fan, turned Baez toward more complex country-rock influences beginning with David's Album . Later in 1968, Baez published her first memoir, Daybreak (by Dial Press ). In August 1969, her appearance at Woodstock in upstate New York raised her international musical and political profile, particularly after

1751-532: A more traditional repertoire performed in the folk rock style. Following his own departure from the group, Thompson and his wife Linda released six albums as a duo which integrated folk rock and art rock . Fairport Convention, Pentangle , Alan Stivell and Mr. Fox 's work included electrification of traditional musical forms. Starting in the 1970s, folk music was fueled by new singer-songwriters such as Steve Goodman , John Prine , Emmylou Harris , Joni Mitchell , John Denver , Harry Chapin , and many more. In

1854-567: A musician. Though primarily an album artist, several of Baez's singles have charted, the first being her 1965 cover of Phil Ochs ' "There but for Fortune", which became a mid-level chart hit in the U.S. and Canada, and a top-ten single in the United Kingdom. Baez added other instruments to her recordings on Farewell, Angelina (1965), which features several Dylan songs interspersed with more traditional fare. Deciding to experiment with different styles, Baez turned to Peter Schickele ,

1957-644: A new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. One of the earliest figures in this revival was Woody Guthrie , who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. In the UK , the folk revival fostered a generation of singer-songwriters such as Donovan , who achieved initial prominence in the 1960s. The folk revival spawned Canada 's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as Gordon Lightfoot , Leonard Cohen , Joni Mitchell , and Buffy Sainte-Marie . Major performers who emerged from

2060-633: A professor of mathematics at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) in Riverside , California. He has worked on spin foams in loop quantum gravity , applications of higher categories to physics, and applied category theory . Additionally, Baez is known on the World Wide Web as the author of the crackpot index . John C. Baez attended Princeton University where he graduated with an A.B. in mathematics in 1982; his senior thesis

2163-434: A protest multigenre, in contrast to the official pop music, to the rock music etc. Since 1967, the "Porta" festival became the centre of this genre, originally defined as a festival of country & western & tramping music. Acoustic guitars were the most typical instrument for them all. John C. Baez John Carlos Baez ( / ˈ b aɪ . ɛ z / ; born June 12, 1961) is an American mathematical physicist and

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2266-491: A subgenre of country is inaccurate, as it is not aimed at a country music audience, in the main. Some of the definitive country folk artists from the early years include Harry McClintock , John Prine , Kate Wolf , and Nanci Griffith —all singer-songwriters with thoughtful lyrics whose arrangements are backed by the aforementioned instruments. By the 1980s, record labels such as Rounder and Sugar Hill specialized in recording country folk artists The category does overlap with

2369-589: A viral hit. On April 7, 2017, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . On March 2, 2018, she released a new studio album entitled Whistle Down the Wind , which charted in many countries and was nominated for a Grammy, and undertook her "Fare Thee Well Tour" to support the album. On April 30, 2019, Baez told Rolling Stone that she had been approached to perform at the Woodstock 50 festival, but had turned

2472-404: A wide variety of traditions, including in many cases instruments such as fiddles , tin whistles , accordions and bagpipes . Folk metal often favours pagan -inspired themes. Viking metal is defined in its folk stance, incorporating folk interludes into albums (e.g., Bergtatt and Kveldssanger , the first two albums by once-folk metal, now- experimental band Ulver ). Mumford & Sons

2575-590: Is a Star by Ultramarine is credited as a progenitor of the new music; it featured a pastoral sound and incorporated traditional instruments such as violin and harmonica with techno and house elements. According to The Sunday Times Culture's Encyclopedia of Modern Music , essential albums of the genre are Four Tet 's Pause (2001), Tunng 's Mother's Daughter and Other Songs (2005), and Caribou 's The Milk of Human Kindness (2005). More "worldbeat" influenced electronic folk acts include Bryn Jones with his project Muslimgauze (before his death in 1999),

2678-407: Is also known for " Farewell, Angelina ", " Love Is Just a Four-Letter Word ", " Forever Young ", " Here's to You ", " Joe Hill ", " Sweet Sir Galahad " and " We Shall Overcome ". Baez performed fourteen songs at the 1969 Woodstock Festival and has displayed a lifelong commitment to political and social activism in the fields of nonviolence , civil rights , human rights , and the environment . Baez

2781-469: Is considered to be a separate genre. One of the earliest figures in this revival was Woody Guthrie, who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. Among Guthrie's friends and followers as a collector, performer, and composer was Pete Seeger . Notable figures of the American folk revival include Elizabeth Cotten and Odetta . Cotten, a guitar and banjo player who developed

2884-528: Is largely European but it also influences other regions. Pagan Folk music is prominent in Germany, the United Kingdom, Scandinavian countries and Slavic countries with singers like David Smith (Aka Damh the bard) and Bands like Danheim , Faun , Omnia , Wardruna and Arkona . Most bands join the folk genre with other musical genres like metal or electronica . Anti folk began in New York City in

2987-529: Is reflected in her music. Both Cotten and Odetta performed at the first Newport Folk Festival . In the 1930s, Jimmie Rodgers , in the 1940s Burl Ives , in the early 1950s Seeger's group the Weavers and Harry Belafonte , and in the late 1950s the Kingston Trio as well as other professional, commercial groups became popular. Some who defined commercialization as the beginning of this phase consider

3090-639: Is taken to mean all music that is called folk that is not traditional folk music , but rather, a set of genres that began with and then evolved from the folk revival of the mid-20th century. According to musician and singer-songwriter Hugh Blumenfeld , for the American folk scene, "it's not just about the music. The definitions are political, social, and economic as well as aesthetic. But if it can't be defined, we can at least describe what people who consider themselves folk music fans generally listen to." Though he considers folk music to be difficult to define, Blumenfeld lists some observed consistencies: Beginning in

3193-405: Is used just for a special modern genre (the traditional folk is called folklore or national music). The Czech folk music is influenced by Czech traditional music an songwriters, "tramping" music , as well as by English-language country and contemporary-folk music, spirituals and traditionals, bluegrass , chanson etc. In the second half of the 20th century, all the similar genres coexisted as

Joan Baez - Misplaced Pages Continue

3296-513: The New York Times , praised the concert, saying, "That superb soprano voice, as lustrous and rich as old gold, flowed purely all evening with a wondrous ease. Her singing (unwound) like a spool of satin." Years later when Baez thought back to that concert, she laughed, saying: "I remember in 1961 my manager sending me this newspaper (clipping) in the mail (which) read, 'Joan Baez Town Hall Concert, SRO.' I thought SRO meant 'sold right out.' I

3399-944: The American Civil Rights Movement and anti-war causes associated with the Vietnam War . Songs like Dylan's " Blowin' in the Wind " became an anthem for the civil rights movement, and he sang ballads about many other current issues of the time, such as "Hard Rain's Gonna Fall" about the Cuban missile crisis. Dylan is quoted having said "there's other things in this world besides love and sex that're important, too." A number of performers who had begun their careers singing largely traditional material, as typified by Joan Baez and Judy Collins, began to write their own material. The Canadian performers Gordon Lightfoot , Leonard Cohen , Bruce Cockburn and Joni Mitchell represented such fusions and enjoyed great popularity in

3502-532: The Grammy Awards , performing Dylan's anthemic " Blowin' in the Wind ", a song she first performed twenty years earlier. Baez also played a significant role in the 1985 Live Aid concert for African famine relief, opening the U.S. segment of the show in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. She has toured on behalf of many other causes, including Amnesty International 's 1986 A Conspiracy of Hope tour and

3605-561: The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . The day after receiving the honor, she appeared at the Grammy Awards ceremony and introduced a performance by the Dixie Chicks . September 2008 saw the release of the studio album Day After Tomorrow , produced by Steve Earle and featuring three of his songs. The album was Baez's first charting record in nearly three decades. On June 29, 2008, Baez performed on

3708-838: The PBS series American Masters , is the true core of her life, "looming larger than music". Baez spent much of her formative youth living in the San Francisco Bay area , where she graduated from Palo Alto High School in 1958. Here, Baez dated Michael New, a fellow student described as " Trinidad English" whom she met at her college in the late 1950s, and occasionally introduced as her husband. Baez committed her first act of civil disobedience by refusing to leave her Palo Alto High School classroom in Palo Alto, California for an air raid drill . She remained close to her younger sister Mimi up until Mimi's death in 2001 and mentioned in

3811-587: The United Kingdom , the folk revival fostered young artists like the Watersons , Martin Carthy and Roy Bailey and a generation of singer-songwriters such as Bert Jansch , Ralph McTell , Donovan and Roy Harper ; all seven achieved initial prominence in the 1960s. Bob Dylan , Paul Simon and Tom Paxton visited Britain for some time in the early 1960s, the first two especially making later use of

3914-528: The Usenet community, and it now has a following in its new form, the blog Azimuth . This Week's Finds anticipated the concept of a personal weblog . Azimuth also covers other topics that include combating climate change and various other environmental issues. He is also co-founder of the n -Category Café (or n -Café ), a group blog concerning higher category theory and its applications, as well as its philosophical repercussions. The founders of

4017-500: The counterculture era of the 1960s and encompasses genres such as folk rock , pop, country , and gospel music . She began her recording career in 1960 and achieved immediate success. Her first three albums, Joan Baez , Joan Baez, Vol. 2 and Joan Baez in Concert , all achieved gold record status. Although a songwriter herself, Baez generally interprets others' work, having recorded many traditional songs and songs written by

4120-470: The feminist movement and is not a vegetarian. She is the subject of the 2023 documentary Joan Baez: I Am a Noise , in which she reflected on among other things her personal struggles, her political activism, and her personal and professional relationship with Bob Dylan. She also related that Mimi and she had struggled with depression and after years of therapy came to believe that they had been abused by their father. The opening line of Baez's memoir And

4223-498: The "Cotten style" of guitar fingerpicking, released her first album, Freight Train and Other North Carolina Folk Songs and Tune, in 1958 with the help of Mike Seeger , which also illuminates the use of guitars tuned to open keys, another common element found in folk music. Odetta, who is known for blending her operatic vocal background with blues and folk songs, was notably active in the Civil Rights Movement , which

Joan Baez - Misplaced Pages Continue

4326-475: The "most accomplished interpretive folksinger/songwriter of the 1960s". Her appeal extended far beyond the folk music audience. Of her fourteen Vanguard albums, thirteen made the top 100 of Billboard's mainstream pop chart, eleven made the top forty, eight made the top twenty, and four made the top ten. After eleven years with Vanguard, Baez decided in 1971 to cut ties with the label that had released her albums since 1960. She delivered Vanguard one last success with

4429-496: The 1940s to the early 1960s included Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger , Phil Ochs , Joan Baez , and Bob Dylan . The mid-1960s through the early 1970s was associated with large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time. Major changes occurred through the evolution of established performers such as Bob Dylan , Joan Baez , Judy Collins , and Peter, Paul and Mary , and also through

4532-428: The 1959 Newport Folk Festival. Following that appearance, she recorded her first album for Vanguard, Joan Baez (1960), produced by Fred Hellerman of The Weavers , who produced many albums by folk artists. The collection of traditional folk ballads , blues, and laments sung to her own guitar accompaniment sold moderately well. It featured many popular Child Ballads of the day and was recorded in only four days in

4635-489: The 1980s, the Washington Squares played "throwback" folk music. Suzanne Vega performed folk and protest folk-oriented music. The Knitters promulgated cowpunk or folk punk , which eventually evolved into alt country . More recently the same spirit has been embraced and expanded on by artists such as Miranda Stone and Steve Earle . In the second half of the 1990s, once more, folk music made an impact on

4738-1124: The 1980s. Folk punk , known in its early days as rogue folk, is a fusion of folk music and punk rock. It was pioneered by the London-based Irish band the Pogues in the 1980s. Industrial folk music is a characterization of folk music normally referred to under other genres, and covers music of or about industrial environments and topics, including related protest music. Other subgenres include indie folk , progressive folk , folktronica , freak folk and Americana and fusion genres such as folk metal , psychedelic folk , and neofolk . Music mixing elements of folk and electronic music , or " folktronica ", (or "ethnic electronica") that features uses of acoustic instruments with variable influences and choice of sounds. The Ashgate Research Companion to Popular Musicology describes folktronica as "a catch-all [term] for all manner of artists who have combined mechanical dance beats with elements of acoustic rock or folk." The 1993 album Every Man and Woman

4841-564: The 2009 American Masters documentary that she had grown closer to her older sister Pauline in later years. Presently, Baez is a resident of Woodside, California , where she lived with her mother until the latter's death in 2013. She has said that her house has a backyard tree house in which she spends time meditating, writing, and "being close to nature". Since stepping down from the stage in 2019, she has devoted herself to portraiture. Owing to false assumptions that have been promoted about her, Baez stated in 2019 that she has never been part of

4944-658: The Allman Brothers Band , the Beatles , Jackson Browne , Leonard Cohen , Woody Guthrie , Violeta Parra , the Rolling Stones , Pete Seeger , Paul Simon , Stevie Wonder , Bob Marley , and many others. She was one of the first major artists to record the songs of Bob Dylan in the early 1960s; Baez was already an internationally celebrated artist and did much to popularize his early songwriting efforts. Her tumultuous relationship with Dylan later became

5047-577: The British Isles, the Pogues in the early 1980s and Ireland's the Corrs in the 1990s brought traditional tunes back into the album charts. The Corrs were active from 1990 to 2006 and performed Celtic and pop music, and created a blend of the two. Carrie Newcomer emerged with Stone Soup in 1984 and has been performing individually since 1991. Brandi Carlile , Patty Griffin , and Rising Appalachia are popular folk artists c.  2019 . In

5150-713: The Circle (1964–1975) showcased the traditional Irish- and English-derived music of Newfoundland, for example. But by far the most important of these was Don Messer's Jubilee (1957–1973), which helped to bridge the gap between rural country-folk and the folk revival that was emerging from urban coffee shops and folk clubs. The show helped to launch the careers of country-folk singers Stompin' Tom Connors and Catherine McKinnon . The folk revival spawned Canada's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as Gordon Lightfoot , Leonard Cohen , Ian & Sylvia , Neil Young , Joni Mitchell , and Buffy Sainte-Marie . At

5253-831: The Mamas & the Papas created new, hard-to-classify music that was folk-inflected and often included in discussions of folk rock. During this period, the term "protest music" was often used to characterize folk music with topical political themes. The convergence of the civil rights movement and folk music on the college campus led to the popularity of artists like Bob Dylan and his brand of protest music. As Folk singers and songwriters such as Phil Ochs , Buffy Sainte-Marie , Arlo Guthrie and Tom Paxton followed in Woody Guthrie's footsteps, writing " protest music " and topical songs and expressing support for various causes including

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5356-588: The North American folk revival tended to use "acoustic guitar, harmonica, banjo, mandolin, autoharp, violin, and accordion". While the Romantic nationalism of the folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the "second folk revival" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. This is the genre that remains as "contemporary folk music" even when traditional music

5459-630: The San Francisco area to Boston, Massachusetts after her father accepted a faculty position at MIT . At that time, it was in the center of the up-and-coming folk-music scene and she began performing near home in Boston and nearby Cambridge . She also performed in clubs and attended Boston University for about six weeks before she gave her first concert at the Club 47 in Cambridge. When designing

5562-541: The Shoulder and Native American), and other country rock inflected recordings ( Tom Rush 's Tom Rush and Merrimack County and Gordon Lightfoot and Jimmy Buffett 's 1970s catalog). None of these were specifically marketed or received as "country folk", however. Still, later low-key, acoustic-dominant country-inflected recordings by these and many other earlier artists have at times loosely, but not inaccurately, been defined as country folk by some sources. More recently,

5665-590: The Southern states, she would play only at black colleges. Owing to her father's work with UNESCO , their family moved many times, living in towns across the U.S. as well as in England, France, Switzerland, Spain, Canada, and the Middle East, including Iraq . Joan Baez became involved with a variety of social causes early in her career, including civil rights and nonviolence . Social justice , she stated in

5768-535: The U.S.; all four were eventually invested with the Order of Canada . Many of the acid rock bands of San Francisco began by playing acoustic folk and blues. The Smothers Brothers television shows featured many folk performers, including the formerly blacklisted Pete Seeger . Bonnie Koloc is a Chicago-based American folk music singer-songwriter who made her recording debut in 1971. In 1968 Melanie , released her first album in 1968 with several popular songs with

5871-494: The UK; it closed in 1991. As the 1950s progressed into the 1960s, the folk revival movement gathered momentum in both Britain and America. In much of rural Canada, traditional and country-folk music were the predominant styles of music until the 1950s, ahead even of the globally popular jazz and swing. Traditional folk took this predominance into early Canadian television with many country-themed shows on its early airwaves. All Around

5974-630: The acoustic stage at the Glastonbury Festival playing out the final set to a packed audience. On July 6, 2008, she played at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux , Switzerland. During the concert's finale, she spontaneously danced on stage with a band of African percussionists. On August 2, 2009, Baez played at the 50th Newport Folk Festival , which also marked the 50th anniversary of her breakthrough performance at

6077-418: The artists of Asian underground movement ( Cheb i Sabbah , Asian Dub Foundation , Joi , State of Bengal , Transglobal Underground , Natacha Atlas ), Shpongle , Home Sweet Somewhere, Mavka , Ott , Zavoloka , Linda George , Banco de Gaia , AeTopus , Zingaia , Afro-Celt Sound System , Métisse , A Tribe Called Red , Go_A , and some early work by Yat-Kha (with Ivan Sokolovsky ). Country folk as

6180-492: The audience for folk music in those years were part of the working class, and many of these songs expressed resistance to the social order and an anger towards the government. The large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes most associated with "the 60s" occurred during the second half of the decade and the first year or two of the 1970s. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time. Major changes occurred through

6283-521: The ballroom of New York City's Manhattan Towers Hotel. The album also included " El Preso Numero Nueve ", a song sung entirely in Spanish, which she would re-record in 1974 for inclusion on her Spanish-language album Gracias a la Vida . She made her New York concert debut on November 5, 1960, at the 92nd Street Y and on November 11, 1961, Baez played her first major New York concert at a sold-out performance at Town Hall . Robert Shelton, folk critic of

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6386-424: The blog are Baez, David Corfield and Urs Schreiber , and the list of blog authors has extended since. The n -Café community is associated with the n Lab wiki and n Forum forum, which now run independently of n -Café. It is hosted on The University of Texas at Austin 's official website. Baez's uncle Albert Baez was a physicist and a co-inventor of the X-ray microscope ; Albert interested him in physics as

6489-700: The choir in the finale of " O Holy Night ". In February 2007, Proper Records reissued her 1995 live album Ring Them Bells , which featured duets with artists ranging from Dar Williams and Mimi Fariña to the Indigo Girls and Mary Chapin Carpenter . The reissue features a 16-page booklet and six unreleased live tracks from the original recording sessions. In addition, Baez recorded a duet of "Jim Crow" with John Mellencamp which appears on his album Freedom's Road (2007). Also in February 2007, she received

6592-643: The commercial hit Tom Dooley by the Kingston Trio in 1958 as marking the beginning of this era. In 1963–1964, the ABC television network aired the Hootenanny television series devoted to this brand of folk music and also published the associated magazine ABC-TV Hootenanny . Starting in 1950, the Sing Out! , Broadside , and The Little Sandy Review magazines helped spread both traditional and composed songs, as did folk-revival-oriented record companies. In

6695-765: The creation of new fusion genres with rock and pop. During this period, the term "protest music" was often used to characterize folk music with topical political themes. The Canadian performers Gordon Lightfoot , Leonard Cohen , Bruce Cockburn and Joni Mitchell represented such fusions and enjoyed great popularity in the U.S. Starting in the 1970s folk music was fueled by new singer-songwriters such as Joni Mitchell , Neil Young , and Harry Chapin . Other subgenres of folk include anti folk , folk punk , indie folk , folktronica , freak folk and Americana and fusion genres such as folk metal , progressive folk , psychedelic folk , and neofolk . Definitions of "contemporary folk music" are generally vague and variable. Here, it

6798-494: The early 1960s were perhaps the zenith of non-fusion folk music prominence in the music scene. During the Great Depression , folk music reflected social realities of poverty and disempowerment of common people through vernacularized lyrics expressing the harsh realities of hard times and poverty. Often newly composed songs in traditional style by writers like Guthrie also featured a humorous and satirical tone. Most of

6901-485: The evolution of established performers such as Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Judy Collins, the Seekers and Peter Paul and Mary, and also through the creation of new fusion genres with rock and pop. Much of this evolution began in the early 1960s and emerged into prominence in the mid and late 1960s. One performance "crucible" for this evolution was Greenwich Village New York. Dylan's use of electric instruments helped inaugurate

7004-478: The first festival. On October 14, 2009, PBS aired an episode of its documentary series American Masters , entitled Joan Baez: How Sweet the Sound . It was produced and directed by Mary Wharton. A DVD and CD of the soundtrack were released at the same time. On April 4, 2017, Baez released on her Facebook page her first new song in 27 years, "Nasty Man", a protest song against US President Donald Trump , which became

7107-438: The funeral of Lou Rawls , where she led Jesse Jackson Sr., Wonder, and others in the singing of " Amazing Grace ". On June 6, 2006, Baez joined Bruce Springsteen on stage at his San Francisco concert, where the two performed the rolling anthem " Pay Me My Money Down ". In September 2006, Baez contributed a live, retooled version of her classic song "Sweet Sir Galahad" to a Starbucks 's exclusive XM Artist Confidential album. In

7210-500: The genres of folk rock and country rock , particularly by his album John Wesley Harding . These changes represented a further departure from traditional folk music. The Byrds with hits such as Seeger's " Turn! Turn! Turn! " were emblematic of a new term folk rock . Barry McGuire left the New Christy Minstrels and recorded " Eve of Destruction " in 1965. Other performers such as Simon & Garfunkel and

7313-562: The gentler sounds of singers such as Iris DeMent , Kate & Anna McGarrigle , and Gillian Welch . Even during the 1970s, as the acoustic, early country music-inflected sounds of country folk were making it distinct from other styles of post-1960s singer-songwriter music, it had varying degrees of overlaps with the sounds of progressive country music (such as Kris Kristofferson , Townes Van Zandt , Guy Clark ), outlaw country ( Billy Joe Shaver , Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , Johnny Cash ), progressive bluegrass ( Tony Rice albums Cold on

7416-647: The gold-selling album Blessed Are... (1971), which included a top-ten hit in " The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down ", her cover of the Band 's signature song. With Come from the Shadows (1972), Baez switched to A&M Records , where she remained for four years and six albums. Joan Baez wrote "The Story of Bangladesh" in 1971. This song was based on the Pakistani army crackdown on unarmed sleeping Bengali students at Dhaka University on March 25, 1971, which ignited

7519-411: The lyrics. The significant element that distinguishes "country folk" from the "folk" music on Dylan's contemporaries' recordings in the 1960s was the re-admission of country and bluegrass music instrumentation—mandolin, banjo, fiddle, and resophonic and electric steel guitars—into the mix; country rock's success with urban audiences had paved the way for this hybrid. For aficionados, viewing country folk as

7622-528: The mainstream music via a younger generation of artists such as Eliza Carthy , Kate Rusby and Spiers and Boden . Canada's biggest-selling folk group of the 1990s and 2000s was the Celtic, rock-tinged Great Big Sea from Newfoundland, who have had four albums certified platinum in Canada. Folk metal bands such as Korpiklaani , Skyclad , Waylander , Ensiferum , Ithilien and Finntroll meld elements from

7725-410: The majority of artists whose music could be classified as country folk find their home in the americana genre, including Brandi Carlile , Jason Isbell , Parker Millsap , Patty Griffin and Amanda Shires , with several artists being interchangeably described as both folk and americana artists, such as Sarah Jarosz who has received Grammy Awards in both genre categories. In Europe, the term "folk"

7828-804: The moment she appeared on stage. Havel was a great admirer of both Baez and her work. During Baez's next visit to Prague, in April 2007, the two met again when she performed in front of a sold-out house at Prague's Lucerna Hall , a building erected by Havel's grandfather. On December 2, 2006, she made a guest appearance at the Oakland Interfaith Gospel Choir 's Christmas Concert at the Paramount Theatre in Oakland , California. Her participation included versions of " Let Us Break Bread Together " and "Amazing Grace". She also joined

7931-526: The new version, she changed the lyric "here's to the dawn of their days" to "here's to the dawn of her days", as a tribute to her late sister Mimi, about whom Baez wrote the song in 1969. Later on, October 8, 2006, she appeared as a special surprise guest at the opening ceremony of the Forum 2000 international conference in Prague . Her performance was kept secret from former Czech Republic President Havel until

8034-472: The offer down for "it was too complicated to even get involved in" and her "instincts" were telling her "no". On July 28, 2019, following dates across Europe, Baez performed her final concert at Madrid's Teatro Real. Contemporary folk music While the Romantic nationalism of the first folk revival had its greatest influence on art music , the "second folk revival" of the later 20th century brought

8137-459: The otherworldly voice, and it was this appearance that led to Baez signing with Vanguard Records the following year, although Columbia Records tried to sign her first. Baez later claimed that she felt she would be given more artistic license at a more "low key" label. Baez's nickname at the time, "Madonna", has been attributed to her clear voice, long hair, and natural beauty, and to her role as "Earth Mother". Her true professional career began at

8240-661: The post World War II era, folk revivals occurred in Europe, Canada, and the United States, and developed through the 1960s, with the subject matter of this music influenced by the political and social climates of the day. According to The North American Folk Music Revival , "the folk music revival began... as a North Eastern American urban phenomenon, and spread from city to city throughout the entire continent and beyond, to Wester Europe", with "enthusiasts" generally being middle-class university students. While instrumentation of folk music varies across countries and regions, music of

8343-521: The post-country rock trajectories of other artists who moved away from the mainstream market as country rock's own fortunes waned at the close of the 1970s. Emmylou Harris moved into neo-traditionalist country, Chris Hillman into progressive bluegrass, brother harmony duo (with Herb Pedersen ), and Bakersfield revival. By the start of the 1990s, these sounds, as well as others, would inspire musical amalgams categorized as alternative country music and americana , yet "country folk" continues to be used for

8446-458: The poster for the performance, Baez considered changing her performing name to either Rachel Sandperl, the surname of her longtime mentor Ira Sandperl , or Maria from the song " They Call the Wind Maria ". She later opted against doing so, fearing that people would accuse her of changing her last name because it was Spanish. The audience consisted of her parents, sister Mimi, her boyfriend, and

8549-489: The prolonged nine-month Bangladesh Liberation War . The song was later entitled "The Song of Bangladesh" and released in a 1972 album from Chandos Music. During this period in late 1971, she reunited with composer Peter Schickele to record two tracks, "Rejoice in the Sun" and "Silent Running" for the science-fiction film Silent Running . The two songs were issued as a single on Decca (32890). In addition to this, another LP

8652-716: The rise of specialized folk festivals (beginning with the Miramichi Folksong Festival in 1958), increased radio airplay on rock, pop, and easy listening radio stations, the introduction of the Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year in 1971, and even an academic journal the Canadian Folk Music Journal in 1973. The mid- and late 1960s saw fusion forms of folk (such as folk rock) achieve prominence never before seen by folk music, but

8755-514: The same time, Quebec folk singer-songwriters like Gilles Vigneault and groups such as La Bottine Souriante were doing the same in the French-speaking world. English-speaking Canadian folk artists tended to move the United States to pursue larger audiences until the introduction of so-called " Canadian content " rules for radio and television in the 1970s. At the same time, Canadian folk music became more formalized and commercialized with

8858-427: The subject of songs from both and generated much public speculation. On her later albums she has found success interpreting the work of more recent songwriters, including Ryan Adams , Josh Ritter , Steve Earle , Natalie Merchant , and Joe Henry . Baez's acclaimed songs include " Diamonds & Rust " and covers of Phil Ochs 's " There but for Fortune " and the Band 's " The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down ". She

8961-408: The successful release of the documentary film Woodstock (1970). Beginning in the late 1960s, Baez began writing many of her own songs, beginning with " Sweet Sir Galahad " and "A Song For David", both songs appearing on her 1970 (I Live) One Day at a Time album; "Sweet Sir Galahad" was written about her sister Mimi's second marriage, while "A Song For David" was a tribute to Harris. One Day at

9064-419: The summers. His research includes work on spin foams in loop quantum gravity . He also worked on applications of higher categories to physics, such as the cobordism hypothesis . He has also dedicated many efforts towards applied category theory , including network theory. Baez won the 2013 Levi L. Conant Prize for his expository paper with John Huerta, "The algebra of grand unified theories". He

9167-476: The time two of the most prominent vocalists singing folk and gospel music . Baez cites Odetta as a primary influence along with Marian Anderson and Pete Seeger. Gibson invited Baez to perform with him at the 1959 Newport Folk Festival , where they sang two duets, "Virgin Mary Had One Son" and "We Are Crossing Jordan River". The performance generated substantial praise for the "barefoot Madonna" with

9270-509: The traditional English material they heard. In 1950, prominent American folklorist and collector of traditional songs Alan Lomax came to Britain and met A. L. 'Bert' Lloyd and Ewan MacColl , a meeting credited as inaugurating the second British folk revival. In London, the colleagues opened the Ballads and Blues Club, eventually renamed the Singers' Club, possibly the first folk club in

9373-544: The war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina region of former- Yugoslavia in an effort to help bring more attention to the suffering there. She was the first major artist to perform in Sarajevo since the outbreak of the Yugoslav civil war . In October of that year, Baez became the first major artist to perform in a professional concert presentation on Alcatraz Island (a former U.S. federal prison) in San Francisco, California, in

9476-441: Was Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 that featured Baez's first-ever Dylan cover. From the early to the mid-1960s, Baez emerged at the forefront of the American roots revival , where she introduced her audiences to the then-unknown Bob Dylan and was emulated by artists such as Judy Collins , Emmylou Harris , Joni Mitchell , and Bonnie Raitt . On November 23, 1962, Baez appeared on the cover of Time Magazine —a rare honor then for

9579-600: Was 13, her aunt took her to a concert by folk musician Pete Seeger , and Baez found herself strongly moved by his music. She soon began practicing the songs of his repertoire and performing them publicly. One of her very earliest public performances was at a retreat in Saratoga, California , for a youth group from Temple Beth Jacob, a Redwood City, California , Jewish congregation. A few years later, in 1957, Baez bought her first Gibson acoustic guitar. After graduating from high school in 1958, Baez and her family moved from

9682-481: Was a success in both the U.S. and Latin America. It included the song " Cucurrucucú paloma ". Flirting with mainstream pop music as well as writing her own songs for Diamonds & Rust (1975), the album became the highest selling of Baez's career and included a second top-ten single in the form of the title track. After Gulf Winds (1976), an album of entirely self-composed songs and From Every Stage (1976),

9785-568: Was also a judge for the third annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. Her album, Dark Chords on a Big Guitar (2003), features songs by composers half her age, while a November 2004 performance at New York City's Bowery Ballroom was recorded for a live release, Bowery Songs (2005). On October 1, 2005, she performed at the Hardly Strictly Bluegrass festival, at San Francisco's Golden Gate Park . Then, on January 13, 2006, Baez performed at

9888-507: Was better known as Mimi Fariña . The Baez family converted to Quakerism during Joan's early childhood, and she has continued to identify with the tradition, particularly in her commitment to pacifism and social issues. While growing up, Baez was subjected to racial slurs and discrimination because of her Mexican heritage. Consequently, she became involved in social causes early in her career. She declined to play in any white student venues that were segregated, which meant that when she toured

9991-540: Was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the second daughter of an English Anglican priest who claimed to be descended from the Dukes of Chandos . Born on April 11, 1913, she died on April 20, 2013. Baez was the second of three sisters, all of whom were political activists and musicians. The eldest was Pauline Thalia Baez Bryan (1938–2016), also known as Pauline Marden, and the youngest was Margarita Mimi Baez Fariña (1945–2001), who

10094-692: Was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7, 2017. Baez was born in the Staten Island borough of New York City on January 9, 1941. Her grandfather, Alberto Baez, left the Catholic Church to become a Methodist minister and moved to the U.S. when her father was two years old. Her father, Albert Baez (1912–2007), was born in Puebla , Mexico, and grew up in Brooklyn , New York, where his father preached to – and advocated for –

10197-556: Was named a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society , in the 2022 class of fellows, "for contributions to higher category theory and mathematical physics, and for popularization of these subjects". Baez is the author of This Week's Finds in Mathematical Physics , an irregular column on the internet featuring mathematical exposition and criticism. He started This Week's Finds in 1993 for

10300-556: Was published and became a New York Times bestseller . That same year, she traveled to the Middle East to visit with and sing songs of peace for Israel and the Palestinians . In May 1989, Baez performed at a music festival in communist Czechoslovakia called Bratislavská lýra. While there, she met future Czechoslovak president Václav Havel , whom she let carry her guitar so as to prevent his arrest by government agents. During her performance, she greeted members of Charter 77 ,

10403-567: Was released on Decca (DL 7-9188) and was later reissued by Varèse Sarabande on black (STV-81072) and green (VC-81072) vinyl. In 1998, a limited release on CD by the "Valley Forge Record Groupe" was released. Baez's first album for A&M, Come from the Shadows , was recorded in Nashville, and included a number of more personal compositions, including "Love Song to a Stranger" and "Myths", as well as work by Mimi Farina, John Lennon, and Anna Marly. Where Are You Now, My Son? (1973) featured

10506-481: Was so innocent of it all." Her second release, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 (1961), went gold , as did Joan Baez in Concert , Part 1 (1962) and Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 (1963). Like its immediate predecessor, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 contained strictly traditional material. Her two albums of live material, Joan Baez in Concert, Part 1 and its second counterpart were unique in that unlike most live albums, they contained only new songs rather than established favorites. It

10609-656: Was titled "Recursivity in quantum mechanics", under the supervision of John P. Burgess . He earned his doctorate in 1986 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the direction of Irving Segal . Baez was a post-doctoral researcher at Yale University . Since 1989, he has been a faculty member at UC Riverside . From 2010 to 2012, he took a leave of absence to work at the Centre for Quantum Technologies in Singapore and has since worked there in

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