63-471: Hugh Joseph Plant (12 October 1907 – 30 August 1993) was an Australian first-class cricketer who represented Victoria in the Sheffield Shield during the 1930s. Plant was educated at Xavier College who was initially an Australian rules footballer and played a senior match for Victorian Football League club Richmond in the 1925 VFL season . Richmond lost the fixture, which took place at
126-544: A contemporary report (i.e., termed "a great match" in this case) and to have been played for a large sum of money was one in Sussex between two unnamed eleven-a-side teams contesting "fifty guineas apiece" in June 1697, a match of enormous historical significance but with no statistical data recorded. International Cricket Council The International Cricket Council ( ICC ) is the global governing body of cricket . It
189-554: A couple of notable performances early in the summer, starting with an innings of 64 against the Marylebone Cricket Club, who were touring Australia once more. Aside from reaching his then highest first-class score he also chipped in with a couple of wickets. His other memorable effort came against New South Wales at the MCG, where he scored 76 in his first innings and followed it up by having a hand in six dismissals when it
252-728: A first-class match, that the ICC clearly stipulates that its match type list "is not exhaustive and is merely indicative of the matches which would fall into the first-class definition". For example, the list includes matches of recognised first-class teams versus international touring teams; and the leading domestic championships (using their then-current names) such as the County Championship , Sheffield Shield , Ranji Trophy , etc. The absence of any ICC ruling about matches played before 1947 (or before 1895 in Great Britain)
315-617: A line between what was important historically and what should form part of the statistical record. Hence, for pre-1895 (i.e., in Great Britain) cricket matches, "first-class" is essentially a statistical concept while the historical concept is broader and takes account of historical significance. Webber's rationale was that cricket was "generally weak before 1864" (there was a greater and increasingly more organised effort to promote county cricket from about that time) and match details were largely incomplete, especially bowling analyses, which hindered compilation of records. According to Webber's view,
378-678: A secondary reason was the wish to move offices closer to the increasingly important new centres of cricketing power in South Asia . Lord's had been a logical venue when the ICC had been administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (a situation that lasted until 1993). But the growing power of India and Pakistan in world cricket had made the continued control of international cricket by a British private members club (the MCC) anachronistic and unsustainable. A direct consequence of
441-634: Is "taking" the first-class matches to be one against Sydney ( sic ), two each against Victoria , the Combined team and the Australian Eleven, and another against South Australia . In the fourth issue on 1 June 1882, James Lillywhite refers to first-class matches on the tour but gives a different list. The earliest known match scorecards date from 1744 but few have been found before 1772. The cards for three 1772 matches have survived and scorecards became increasingly common thereafter. At
504-399: Is a fairly comprehensive store of data about 19th century matches, certainly since 1825. Subsequently, Webber's view was challenged by Bill Frindall who believed that 1815 should be the startpoint to encompass the entire roundarm bowling phase of cricket's history, although roundarm did not begin in earnest until 1827. In Frindall's view, the inaugural first-class match should have been
567-457: Is problematic for those cricket statisticians who wish to categorise earlier matches in the same way. They have responded by compiling their own match lists and allocating a strictly unofficial first-class status to the matches they consider to have been of a high standard. It is therefore a matter of opinion only with no official support. Inevitable differences have arisen and there are variations in published cricket statistics . In November 2021,
630-816: Is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup , T20 World Cup , and ICC World Test Championship . It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches , One Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals . It promulgates the ICC Code of Conduct , which sets professional standards of discipline for international cricket, and also co-ordinates action against corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU). The ICC does not control bilateral fixtures between member countries (which include all Test matches outside of
693-484: Is unknown, but the term was used loosely before it acquired official status in 1895, following a meeting of leading English clubs. At a meeting of the Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC) in 1947, it was formally defined on a global basis. A significant omission of the ICC ruling was any attempt to define first-class cricket retrospectively. That has left historians, and especially statisticians, with
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#1732802162224756-582: The Melbourne Cricket Ground , to Melbourne by 39 points. He couldn't break into Richmond's team again and instead continued his football career at Coburg , where he played as a centre half back in their 1928 premiership side. Plant completed his football career in the 1929 season and in 1930 moved to the Fitzroy Baseball Club to begin a distinguished career as a baseballer. One of the leading Fitzroy baseballers at this time
819-596: The ACS had published its Guide to Important Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles, 1709–1863 in which it listed all the known matches during that period which it considered to have historical importance. The ACS did stipulate that they had taken a more lenient view of importance regarding matches played in the 18th century than they did of matches played in the 19th century. As they explained, surviving details of 18th century matches are typically incomplete while there
882-464: The ACS' Important Matches guide, which have left no scorecard and for which only a brief announcement or report exists, must be based on other factors. Contemporary importance was often measured by the amount of money at stake and the fact that a match was deemed notable enough to be reported in the press. The 18th century matches in the ACS list were primarily compiled to assist historians. The earliest match known to have been accorded superior status in
945-563: The Fitzroy First Eleven and the Victorian Colts Eleven. When Plant made his first-class cricket debut in 1932, it was as a specialist off spinner. Playing against Tasmania at Launceston, Plant took career best figures of 6-43 as the island state collapsed from 2 for 128 to 171 all out. He then took perhaps the two biggest scalps of his career, Herbert Sutcliffe and Eddie Paynter , when Victoria played against
1008-558: The Global Qualifiers will no longer take place and teams will qualify directly based on their performance in the previous T20 World Cup and from regional qualifiers. ICC conducts world cup qualifying leagues for associate teams. A two-tier league system with promotion & relegation where best performing teams qualify for ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier . In addition, there are two playoff events which are part of World cup qualification process and essentially connected to
1071-489: The ICC agreed to include non-Test playing countries. The following year, the ICC changed its name to the International Cricket Conference. The US , Ceylon (who later became Sri Lanka } and Fiji were admitted as Associates, a new class of members. In 1968, Denmark , Bermuda , Netherlands , and East Africa were admitted as Associates, while South Africa had still not applied to rejoin
1134-419: The ICC and the application of ICC conditions when the match is played. In 2010, the ICC published its Classification of Official Cricket which includes the criteria with which a match must comply to achieve a desired categorisation. In the section on first-class cricket, there is a list of the types of match that should qualify. It is important to note, given the differences in opinion about what constitutes
1197-541: The ICC hoped. The Super Series was widely seen as a failure and is not expected to be repeated, and India called for the Champions Trophy to be scrapped in 2006. The Champions Trophy 2004 event was referred to in Wisden 2005 by the editor as a "turkey of a tournament" and a "fiasco"; although the 2006 event was seen as a greater success due to a new format. The ICC World Twenty20 , first played in 2007 ,
1260-507: The ICC member countries rose substantially. This led to a growth in the number of commercial staff employed by IDI in Monaco. It also had the disadvantage that the council's cricket administrators, who remained at Lord's, were separated from their commercial colleagues in Monaco. The Council decided to seek ways of bringing all of their staff together in one office while protecting their commercial income from tax. The option of staying at Lord's
1323-463: The ICC retrospectively applied first-class status to women's cricket , aligning it with the men's game. A key issue for the statisticians is when first-class cricket for their purpose is deemed to have begun. Writing in 1951, Roy Webber argued that the majority of matches prior to 1864 (i.e., the year in which overarm bowling was legalised) "cannot be regarded as first-class" and their records are used "for their historical associations". This drew
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#17328021622241386-503: The ICC. Full Members – The 12 governing bodies of teams that have full voting rights within the International Cricket Council and play official Test matches. Associate Members – The 96 governing bodies in countries where cricket is firmly established and organized, but have not been granted Full Membership. Currently, 8 associate teams have temporary ODI status until 2027. These teams are one tier above
1449-510: The ICC. In 1969, the basic rules of ICC were amended. At the 1971 meeting, the idea of organizing a World Cup was introduced. At the 1973 meeting, it was decided that a World Cup would be played in 1975 in England. The six Test playing nations and East Africa and Sri Lanka were invited to take part. New members were added frequently during this period: In 1974, Israel and Singapore were admitted as Associates. In 1976, West Africa
1512-640: The July 1989 meeting, the ICC renamed itself as the International Cricket Council, and the tradition of the MCC President automatically becoming the Chairman of ICC was abolished. In 1990, UAE joined as an Associate. In 1991, for the first time in ICC history, the meeting was held away from England , in Melbourne , Australia. South Africa was re-elected as a Full Member of the ICC in July, following
1575-607: The United Kingdom, it was necessary to protect cricket's revenues by creating a company, ICC Development (International) Pvt. Ltd, known as IDI outside the UK. This was established in January 1994 and was based in Monaco . For the remainder of the nineties, the administration of IDI was a modest affair. But with the negotiation of a bundle of rights to all ICC events from 2001 to 2008, revenues available to International cricket and
1638-492: The World Test Championship Final), and neither does it govern domestic cricket within member countries. It does not make or alter the laws of the game , which have remained under the governance of the Marylebone Cricket Club since 1788. The Chairman heads the board of directors and on June 26, 2014, Narayanaswami Srinivasan , the former president of BCCI , was announced as the first chairman of
1701-622: The answers. In 1880, the Cricket Reporting Agency was founded. It acquired influence through the decade especially by association with Wisden Cricketers' Almanack ( Wisden ) and the press came to generally rely on its information and opinions. The term acquired official status, though limited to matches in Great Britain, following a meeting at Lord's in May 1894 between the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) committee and
1764-524: The ball had crossed the boundary. In 1997 decisions on the cleanness of catches could be referred to the third umpire. This year also saw the introduction of the Duckworth-Lewis method , a way of adjusting targets in rain-affected ODI matches. In 2000, Bangladesh was admitted as the tenth Full Member of the International Cricket Council. In 2005, ICC moved to its new headquarters to Dubai . In 2017, Afghanistan and Ireland were admitted as
1827-400: The beginning of the 1860s, there were only four formally constituted county clubs. Sussex was the oldest, formed in 1839, and it had been followed by Kent , Nottinghamshire and Surrey . In the early 1860s, several more county clubs were founded, and questions began to be raised in the sporting press about which should be categorised as first-class, but there was considerable disagreement in
1890-653: The bilateral international cricket matches ( Test matches , One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals ), that account for the great majority of the international playing schedule, as they are owned and run by its members. It has sought to create other new events to augment its World Cup revenues. These include the ICC Champions Trophy and the ICC Super Series played in Australia in 2005. However, these events have not been as successful as
1953-487: The changes and reforms instituted in 1993 was eventually to be the move away from Lord's to a more neutral venue. The ICC generates income from the tournaments it organises, primarily the Cricket World Cup , and it distributes the majority of that income to its members. Sponsorship and television rights of the World Cup brought in over US$ 1.6 billion between 2007 and 2015, by far the ICC's main source of income. In
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2016-589: The city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates . The ICC is also registered in British Virgin Islands . In August 2005, the ICC moved its offices to Dubai , and subsequently closed its offices at Lord's and Monaco. The move to Dubai was made after an 11–1 vote by the ICC's executive board in favour. While the principal driver of the ICC's move to Dubai was the wish to bring its main employees together in one tax-efficient location,
2079-491: The council. The role of ICC president became a largely honorary position after the establishment of the chairman role and other changes made to the ICC constitution in 2014. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the 'Big Three' nations of England, India and Australia. The last ICC president was Zaheer Abbas , who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of Mustafa Kamal in April 2015. When
2142-431: The country's highest playing standard. Later ICC rulings make it possible for international teams from associate members of the ICC to achieve first-class status but it is dependent on the status of their opponents in a given match. According to the ICC definition, a match may be adjudged first-class if: A Test match is a first-class match played between two ICC full member countries, subject to their current status at
2205-594: The eleventh and twelfth Full Members of the International Cricket Council after a unanimous vote at the ICC Full Council meeting at The Oval . Affiliate Membership was also abolished, with all existing Affiliate Members becoming Associate Members. In 2018, all Women's T20 matches were elevated to Women's Twenty20 International status. In 2019, all Men's T20 matches were elevated to Twenty20 International status. In July 2022, Cambodia , Cote D'Ivoire , and Uzbekistan were granted associate member status by
2268-478: The end of apartheid . In 1992, Zimbabwe was admitted as the ninth Full Member. Namibia joined as an Associate member. Austria , Belgium , Brunei and Spain all joined as Affiliates. In 1993, the position of Chief Executive of ICC was created; David Richards of the Australian Cricket Board was the first person appointed to the position. In July, Sir Clyde Walcott , from Barbados,
2331-428: The highest-standard forms of cricket . A first-class match is one of three or more days' scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players each and is officially adjudged to be worthy of the status by virtue of the standard of the competing teams. Matches must allow for the teams to play two innings each, although in practice a team might play only one innings or none at all. The etymology of "first-class cricket"
2394-577: The inaugural first-class match was the opening game of the 1864 season between Cambridge University and MCC at Fenner's on 12 and 13 May, Cambridge winning by 6 wickets. When the Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians (ACS) published its Guide to First-Class Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles in 1982, it tentatively agreed with Webber's 1864 start date by saying that "the line between first-class and other matches becomes more easily discernible about that date". A year earlier,
2457-435: The inaugural first-class match was the opening game of the 1895 season between MCC and Nottinghamshire at Lord's on 1 and 2 May, MCC winning by 37 runs. " Test match " was another loosely applied term at the time but the first list of matches considered to be "Tests" was conceived and published by South Australian journalist Clarence P. Moody in his 1894 book, Australian Cricket and Cricketers, 1856 to 1893–94 . His proposal
2520-717: The internet, the CricketArchive (CA) and ESPN Cricinfo (CI) databases both say the earliest first-class match was Hampshire v England at Broadhalfpenny Down on 24 and 25 June 1772. At that time, cricket matches were played with a two-stump wicket and exclusively underarm bowling , although other features of the modern game had been introduced. The opinion of these databases has been repudiated by both Wisden and Playfair Cricket Annual . Wisden agrees with Frindall by commencing its first-class records in 1815. Playfair supports Webber and begins its records in 1864. The status of earlier matches, including many in
2583-480: The letter, he suggested that the board would be responsible for the formulation of rules and regulations that would govern the bilateral international matches of the three members, Australia, England and South Africa. Bailey wanted to host a Triangular Test series among the participant countries in South Africa. However, Australia rejected the offer. Still, Bailey did not lose hope. He saw an opportunity of getting
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2646-428: The nine-month accounting period to 31 December 2007 the ICC had operating income of $ 12.66 million, mainly from member subscriptions and sponsorship. In contrast, event income was US$ 285.87 million, including $ 239 million from the 2007 World Cup. There was also investment income of $ 6.695 million in the period. In 2022 ICC generated US$ 208,375,000 as an net income. The ICC has no income streams from
2709-527: The opening game of the 1815 season between MCC and Middlesex at Lord's on 31 May and 1 June, Middlesex winning by 16 runs. Notwithstanding Frindall's reputation, Webber's view has been revived and reinforced in recent times. For example, the Kent researcher Derek Carlaw began his study of Kent cricketers since 1806 by stating: "Part One is confined to players who appeared for Kent in important matches from 1806 to 1863 and first-class matches from 1864 to 1914". On
2772-627: The post of ICC president was abolished in April 2016, Shashank Manohar , who replaced Srinivasan in October 2015, became the first independent elected chairman of the ICC. On 30 November 1907, Abe Bailey , the President of the South African Cricket Association, wrote a letter to the Marylebone Cricket Club 's (MCC, England) secretary, Francis Lacey . Bailey suggested the formation of an 'Imperial Cricket Board'. In
2835-590: The problem of how to categorise earlier matches, especially those played in Great Britain before 1895. The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians (ACS) has published a list of early matches which are believed to have been of a high standard. Test cricket , the highest standard of cricket, is statistically a form of first-class cricket, though the term "first-class" is mainly used to refer to domestic competition. A player's first-class statistics include any performances in Test matches. Before 1894 "first-class"
2898-534: The rest of the associate teams. The details of all 96 associate teams are presented in the table below: 2019 Since its creation, the ICC had the Lord's Cricket Ground as its home, and in 1993 moved its offices to the "Clock Tower" building at the nursery end of the ground. The independently run ICC was funded initially by commercial exploitation of the rights to the World Cup of One Day International cricket. As not all Member countries had double-tax agreements with
2961-486: The secretaries of the clubs involved in the official County Championship , which had begun in 1890. As a result, those clubs became first-class from 1895 along with MCC, Cambridge University , Oxford University , senior cricket touring teams (i.e., Australia and South Africa at that time) and other teams designated as such by MCC (e.g., North v South , Gentlemen v Players and occasional "elevens" which consisted of recognised first-class players). Officially, therefore,
3024-617: The status of teams. For example, MCC was authorised to determine the status of matches played in Great Britain. To all intents and purposes, the 1947 ICC definition confirmed the 1894 MCC definition, and gave it international recognition and usage. Hence, official judgment of status is the responsibility of the governing body in each country that is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). The governing body grants first-class status to international teams and to domestic teams that are representative of
3087-537: The table below: Additionally, The ICC in association with Commonwealth Games Federation and International Olympic Committee also conducts Twenty20 Cricket Tournament for Women in Commonwealth Games and Cricket at the Summer Olympics (for both) respectively. The ICC organizes qualifying tournaments for various international main events. Starting with the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup ,
3150-428: The three members together during Australia's tour of England in 1909. After continued lobbying and efforts, Bailey was successful. On 15 June 1909, representatives from England , Australia and South Africa met at Lord's and founded the Imperial Cricket Conference . A month later, a second meeting between the three members was held. The rules were agreed upon amongst the nations, and the first-ever Tri-Test series
3213-443: The touring Marylebone Cricket Club at the MCG the following year. In February 1933, Plant, along with three fellow alumni of Xavier College, Leslie "Chuck" Fleetwood-Smith , Leo O'Brien & Stuart King represented Victoria vs South Australia in a Sheffield Shield match. An all-rounder, Plant's batting peaked in the 1935/36 season when he made 395 runs at 39.50, including three of his four first-class half centuries. He put on
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#17328021622243276-542: Was a common adjective applied to cricket matches in England, used loosely to suggest that a match had a high standard; adjectives like "great", "important" and "major" were also loosely applied to such matches, but there tended to be differences of opinion. In the inaugural issue of Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game on 10 May 1882, the term is used twice on page 2 in reference to the recently completed tour of Australia and New Zealand by Alfred Shaw's XI . The report says it
3339-668: Was a success. The ICC's current plan is to have an international tournament every year, with a Twenty20 World Cup played in even number years, the World Cup continuing to be held the year before the Olympic Games , and the ICC Champions Trophy in the remaining year of the cycle. This cycle began in 2010 , one year after the 2009 tournament . The ICC organizes various international Test , One-Day and Twenty20 cricket competitions for Men , Women and Under-19 national teams. The details are presented in
3402-527: Was admitted as an Associate. In 1977, Bangladesh was admitted as an Associate. In 1978, Papua-New Guinea was admitted as an Associate. South Africa applied to rejoin, but their application was rejected. In 1981, Sri Lanka was promoted to a Full Member, and they played their first Test in 1982. In 1984, a third class of membership (Affiliate) was introduced. Italy was the first such member, followed by Switzerland in 1985. In 1987, Bahamas and France were admitted, followed by Nepal in 1988. At
3465-468: Was decided to be held in England in 1912. In 1926, West Indies , New Zealand and India were elected as Full Members, doubling the number of Test-playing nations to six. After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, it was given Test status five years later in 1952, becoming the seventh Test-playing, nation. In May 1961, South Africa left the Commonwealth and therefore lost membership. In 1964,
3528-408: Was elected as the first non-British Chairman. The emergence of new technology saw the introduction of a third umpire who was equipped with video playback facilities. By 1995, TV replays were made available for run-outs and stumpings in Test matches, with the third umpire required to signal out or not out with red and green lights respectively. The following year, the cameras were used to determine if
3591-540: Was formally defined by the then Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC) on 19 May 1947. It was made clear that the definition "will not have retrospective effect". The definition is as follows: A match of three or more days' duration between two sides of eleven players officially adjudged first-class, shall be regarded as a first-class fixture. Matches in which either team have more than eleven players or which are scheduled for less than three days shall not be regarded as first-class. The Governing body in each country shall decide
3654-549: Was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from Australia, England, and South Africa. It was renamed as the International Cricket Conference in 1965 and adopted its current name in 1987. The ICC has its headquarters in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . The ICC currently has 108 member nations: 12 Full Members that play Test matches , and 96 Associate Members . The ICC
3717-538: Was influential in Ian Redpath's early development as a batsman. He also returned to coach the Xavier College Cricket team during the 1960s. First-class cricket First-class cricket One Day International Limited overs (domestic) Twenty20 International Twenty20 (domestic) Other forms First-class cricket , along with List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket , is one of
3780-579: Was investigated and a request was made, through Sport England , to the British Government to allow the ICC to have all its personnel (including those working on commercial matters) in London – but be given special exemption from paying UK corporation tax on its commercial income. The British Government was unwilling to create a precedent and would not agree to this request. As a consequence, the ICC examined other locations and eventually settled on
3843-629: Was the Test opening batsman, W. H. Ponsford. In his first season playing baseball Plant was mentioned as a valuable player and in 1938 and 1939 he captained the Victorian baseball team for the Claxton shield, the interstate baseball competition. Plant was a member of the Old Xaverian Cricket Club when it was formed in 1926 and was the leading batsman scoring 621 runs at an average of 62.1. In the next season he departed to play for
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#17328021622243906-404: Was their opponent's turn to bat, two of them wickets and the other four catches. In 1936/37, his final season, Plant was a member of Victoria's Sheffield Shield winning team, having taken part in three matches during their campaign. Plant continued as captain and coach at Fitzroy and was a mentor for the young Neil Harvey. After retiring from Fitzroy Plant was appointed coach of South Melbourne and
3969-534: Was widely accepted after a list of 39 matches was reproduced in the 28 December 1894 issue of Cricket magazine. The list began with the Melbourne Cricket Ground match played 15–17 March 1877 and ended with a recent match at the Association Ground, Sydney played 14–20 December 1894. All of Moody's matches, plus four additional ones, were retrospectively recognised as Test matches and also, thereby, as first-class matches. The term "first-class cricket"
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