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72-671: The John Burroughs Medal , named for nature writer John Burroughs (1837–1921), is awarded each year in April by the John Burroughs Association to the author of a book that the association has judged to be distinguished in the field of natural history . Only twice has the award been given to a work of fiction. List of recipients of the John Burroughs Medal [ edit ] 1926 - William Beebe , Pheasants of

144-820: A Bird Painter , ISBN   0-8061-0491-0 1963 - Adolph Murie , A Naturalist in Alaska , ISBN   0-8165-1168-3 1964 - John Hay , The Great Beach: A Naturalist Explores the Frontier Between Land and Sea on the Outer Reaches of Cape Cod , ISBN   0-345-02255-6 1965 - Paul Brooks , Roadless Area , ISBN   0-345-25276-4 1966 - Louis Darling , The Gull's Way , ISBN   0-688-21366-9 1967 - Charlton Ogburn, Jr. , The Winter Beach , ISBN   0-688-09418-X 1968 - Hal Borland , Hill Country Harvest 1969 - Louise de Kiriline Lawrence , The Lovely and

216-422: A National Elk Refuge existed in this region consisting of 4,500 acres, this refuge had some unexpected consequences. Due to supplemental feeding and a rougher browse, elk were developing bacterial lesions in their throat and mouth called necrotic stomatitis or calf diphtheria. The squirrel-tail grass seeds found on the refuge contributed to the irritation of these lesions and the close proximity of elk allowed for

288-518: A Natural Miracle , ISBN   978-0465028788 2014 - Kathleen Jamie , Sightlines , ISBN   978-0956308665 2015 - Sherry Simpson, Dominion of Bears , ISBN   978-0700619351 2016 - Sharman Apt Russell , Diary of a Citizen Scientist , ISBN   978-0870717529 2017 - Brian Doyle, Martin Marten , ISBN   978-1250045201 2018 - David George Haskell , The Songs of Trees , ISBN   978-0525427520 ;

360-762: A campaign with his wife to protect what is now the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge . The couple recruited U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas to help persuade President Dwight Eisenhower to set aside 8,000,000 acres (32,000 km ) as the Arctic National Wildlife Range. In 1948, Murie became the first American Fulbright Scholar in New Zealand and conducted research in the Fiordland National Park , acting as scientific leader in

432-560: A council seat on the recently created Wilderness Society . In this role, Murie lobbied successfully against the construction of large federal dams within Glacier National Park , Dinosaur National Monument , Rampart Dam on Alaska’s Yukon River and the Narrows Dam proposed for the mouth of Snake River Canyon . Murie helped to enlarge existing national park boundaries and to create additional new units. Testimony on

504-418: A harsh environment. Murie employed many of these same skills as he travelled to Alaska and finally to Wyoming. These trips served as the foundation for many of his key ideas about wildlife management and conservation. As a scientist of the U.S. Biological Survey, Murie developed key ideas concerning predator prey relationships. Generally unheard of during his time, Murie argued that a healthy predator population

576-626: A keen interest in learning. Among Burroughs's classmates was future financier Jay Gould . Burroughs' father believed the basic education provided by the local school was enough and refused to support the young Burroughs when he asked for money to pay for the books or the higher education he wanted. At the age of 17 Burroughs left home to earn funds needed for college by teaching at a school in Olive, New York . From 1854 to 1856 Burroughs alternated periods of teaching with periods of study at higher education institutions including Cooperstown Seminary. He left

648-591: A love for the wilderness from an early age. Murie studied biology at Fargo College , private liberal arts college of the Congregational Church. When his zoology professor moved to Pacific University in Oregon, he offered Murie a scholarship to transfer there, where he completed studies in zoology and wildlife biology and was graduated in 1912. He did graduate work at the University of Michigan and

720-687: A position as a clerk at the Treasury ; he would eventually become a federal bank examiner, continuing in that profession into the 1880s. All the while, he continued to publish essays, and grew interested in the poetry of Walt Whitman . Burroughs met Whitman in Washington, DC in November 1863, and the two became close friends. Whitman encouraged Burroughs to develop his nature writing as well as his philosophical and literary essays. In 1867, Burroughs published Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person ,

792-727: A public high school in Burbank, California , and a private secondary school, John Burroughs School , in St. Louis, Missouri . Burroughs Mountain in Mount Rainier National Park is named in his honor. There was a medal named after John Burroughs and the John Burroughs Association publicly recognizes well-written and illustrated natural history publications. Each year the Burroughs medal is awarded to

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864-757: A rock outcrop known as Burroughs Ledge. Slide and neighboring Cornell and Wittenberg mountains, which he also climbed, have been collectively named the Burroughs Range. Other Catskill essays told of fly fishing for trout , of hikes over Peekamoose Mountain and Mill Brook Ridge, and of rafting down the East Branch of the Delaware River . It is for these that he is still celebrated in the region today, and chiefly known, although he traveled extensively and wrote about other regions and countries, as well as commenting on natural-science controversies of

936-537: A special John Burroughs Medal was given for Lifetime Achievement in Nature Poetry to Pattiann Rogers 2020 - Marilyn Sigman, Entangled: People and Ecological Change in Alaska's Kachemak Bay , ISBN   978-1602233485 2021 - William Bryant Logan, Sprout Lands: Tending the Endless Gift of Trees , W. W. Norton & Company, 2020 2022 - Cal Flyn , Islands of Abandonment: Nature Rebounding in

1008-554: A train near Kingsville, Ohio . Burroughs was buried in Roxbury, New York , on what would have been his 84th birthday, at the foot of a rock he had played on as a child and affectionately referred to as '’Boyhood Rock'’. A line that he had written years before is etched on the tablet that marks the spot: "I stand amid the eternal ways". Woodchuck Lodge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962. Riverby and Slabsides were similarly designated in 1968. All three are listed on

1080-453: A wildlife display" so tourists could easily view wild animals without actually putting in much effort. Murie greatly opposed this measure, believing that it would actually reduce the value and appreciation of nature by making it so available and convenient for people. In his article "Fenced Wildlife for Jackson Hole" he stated that "commercialized recreation has tend more and more to make us crave extra service, easy entertainment, pleasure with

1152-491: A writer in the summer of 1860 when the Atlantic Monthly , then a fairly new publication, accepted his essay Expression . Editor James Russell Lowell found the essay so similar to Emerson's work that he initially thought Burroughs had plagiarized his longtime acquaintance. Poole's Index and Hill's Rhetoric , both periodical indexes, even credited Emerson as the author of the essay. In 1864, Burroughs accepted

1224-601: A writer were confirmed by his election as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters . Some of Burroughs' essays came out of trips back to his native Catskills. In the late 1880s, in the essay "The Heart of the Southern Catskills," he chronicled an ascent of Slide Mountain, the highest peak of the Catskills range. Speaking of the view from the summit, he wrote: "The works of man dwindle, and

1296-493: The Atlantic Monthly , Burroughs began a widely publicized literary debate known as the nature fakers controversy . Attacking popular writers of the day such as Ernest Thompson Seton , Charles G. D. Roberts and William J. Long for their fantastical representations of wildlife, he also denounced the booming genre of "naturalistic" animal stories as " yellow journalism of the woods". The controversy lasted for four years and involved American environmental and political figures of

1368-527: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge . During his career, Murie held many respected positions within environmental organizations. He served as president of The Wilderness Society , The Wildlife Society , and as director of the Izaak Walton League . Murie was born on March 1, 1889, in Moorhead, Minnesota , the child of Norwegian immigrants. Growing up in this less urbanized region helped foster

1440-487: The Grand Teton National Park ). The Jackson Hole National Monument was especially near to his heart because he had studied the elk in this region for a long period of time. Before it was distinguished as a national park, Murie and others encouraged John D. Rockefeller, Jr to purchase the land and donate it to the federal government. During this time Murie was unaware that Rockefeller intended to create "

1512-718: The Koyukuk River region. In 1927, the Biological Survey assigned Murie to research the Jackson Hole elk herd, resulting in the classic publication The Elk of North America. He also authored six other major publications, including Alaska-Yukon Caribou (North American Fauna [NAF] No. 54, 1935); Food Habits of the Coyote in Jackson Hole, Wyoming (1935); Field Guide to Animal Tracks (1954); Fauna of

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1584-845: The National Register of Historic Places . Since his death in 1921, John Burroughs has been commemorated by the John Burroughs Association . The association maintains the John Burroughs Sanctuary in West Park, New York , a 170-acre plot of land surrounding Slabsides , and awards a medal each year to "the author of a distinguished book of natural history". Thirteen U.S. schools have been named after Burroughs, including public elementary schools in Washington, DC, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Minneapolis, Minnesota , public middle schools in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , and Los Angeles,

1656-535: The Town of Esopus ) where he built his Riverby estate. There he grew various crops before eventually focusing on table grapes . He continued to write, and continued as a federal bank examiner for several more years. In 1895 Burroughs bought additional land near Riverby where he and son Julian constructed an Adirondack-style cabin that he called " Slabsides ". At Slabsides he wrote, grew celery, and entertained visitors, including students from local Vassar College . After

1728-870: The 1949 New Zealand American Fiordland Expedition . In 1950, Murie became president of The Wilderness Society . He was also a president of the Wildlife Society and a director of the Izaak Walton League . He received the Aldo Leopold Memorial Award Medal in 1952, the Pugsley Medal in 1953, the Audubon Medal in 1959, and the Sierra Club John Muir Award in 1962. Olaus Murie died on October 21, 1963. The Murie Residence in Moose, Wyoming

1800-799: The Adirondacks and again through the Alleghenies, heading southward." In 1901, Burroughs met an admirer, Clara Barrus (1864–1931). She was a physician with the state psychiatric hospital in Middletown, N.Y. Clara was 37 and nearly half his age. She was the great love of his life and ultimately his literary executrix . She moved into his house after Ursula died in 1917. She published Whitman and Burroughs: Comrades in 1931, relying on firsthand accounts and letters to documents Burroughs' friendship with poet Walt Whitman. In 1903, after publishing an article entitled "Real and Sham Natural History" in

1872-830: The Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula (NAF No. 61, 1959); and Jackson Hole with a Naturalist (1963). Wapiti Wilderness (with his wife, Mardy Murie ) was published posthumously, in 1966. One of Murie’s first experiences collecting specimens and conducting research was in 1914–1915 and 1917 in Canada. Hired by W. E. Clyde Todd, the curator of birds at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and accompanied by Native American guides Paul Commanda, William Morrison and Jack (Jocko) Couchai, Murie embarked on his apprenticeship to study wildlife in Canada in 1914. While on this trip, Murie had numerous jobs and expectations. Murie

1944-670: The Antarctic Lakes , ISBN   0-517-58759-9 1997 - David Quammen , The Song Of The Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinction , ISBN   0-684-80083-7 1998 - John Alcock , In a Desert Garden:Love and Death Among the Insects , ISBN   0-8165-1970-6 1999 - Jan DeBlieu , Wind: How the Flow of Air Has Shaped Life, Myth, and the Land , ISBN   0-395-78033-0 2000 - Bernd Heinrich , Mind Of

2016-587: The Arctic. Murie decided to stay an extra winter in Canada to gain more experience, despite the departure of his colleagues. Murie used this additional time to collect more animal samples as well as explore the ecological and cultural similarities and differences of the Hudsonian and Arctic life zones. Two years later, Murie returned to Canada with Clyde Todd, Alfred Marshall, a wealthy businessman, and guides Paul Commanda, Philip St. Onge and Charles Volant. The trip

2088-778: The Forest , ISBN   1-55971-083-7 1956 - Guy Murchie , Song of the Sky 1957 - Archie Fairly Carr , The Windward Road: Adventures of a Naturalist on Remote Caribbean Shores , ISBN   0-8130-0639-2 1958 - Robert Porter Allen , On the Trail of the Vanishing Birds 1959 - no award 1960 - John Kieran , A Natural History of New York City , ISBN   0-8232-1086-3 1961 - Loren Eiseley , The Firmament of Time , ISBN   0-8032-6739-8 1962 - George Miksch Sutton , Iceland Summer: Adventures of

2160-1102: The Grey Wind 1943 - Edwin Way Teale , Near Horizons: The Story of an Insect Garden 1944 - no award 1945 - Rutherford Platt , This Green World ISBN   0-396-09188-1 1946 - Florence Page Jaques and Francis Lee Jaques (illustrator), Snowshoe Country , ISBN   0-87351-236-7 1947 - no award 1948 - Theodora Stanwell-Fletcher , Driftwood Valley , ISBN   0-87071-524-0 1949 - Helen G. Cruickshank , Flight Into Sunshine: Bird Experiences in Florida 1950 - Roger Tory Peterson , Birds Over America , ISBN   0-396-08269-6 1951 - no award 1952 - Rachel Carson , The Sea Around Us , ISBN   0-451-61873-4 1953 - Gilbert Klingel , The Bay , ISBN   0-8018-2536-9 1954 - Joseph Wood Krutch , The Desert Year , ISBN   0-8165-0923-9 1955 - Wallace Byron Grange and Olaus J. Murie (illustrator), Those of

2232-1066: The John Burroughs Association" . John Burroughs Association . Retrieved March 12, 2018 . ^ http://www.johnburroughsassociation.org/literary-awards978-0870717529 ^ "Lake Oswego author Brian Doyle honored for nature writing" . ^ "David Haskell Wins 2018 John Burroughs Medal" . John Burroughs Association . Retrieved March 12, 2018 . ^ "Pattiann Rogers awarded John Burroughs Medal for lifetime achievement in nature poetry" . External links [ edit ] "John Burroughs Medal Award List" . Official website Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Burroughs_Medal&oldid=1229849953 " Categories : American literary awards Awards established in 1926 John Burroughs Medal recipients Science writing awards Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from February 2022 John Burroughs John Burroughs (April 3, 1837 – March 29, 1921)

John Burroughs Medal - Misplaced Pages Continue

2304-828: The Kalahari , ISBN   0-395-64780-0 1986 - Gary Paul Nabhan , Gathering the Desert , ISBN   0-8165-0935-2 1987 - Robert Michael Pyle , Wintergreen: Rambles in a Ravaged Land , ISBN   0-684-18321-8 1988 - Tom Horton and Charles R. Hazard (illustrator), Bay Country , ISBN   0-8018-3525-9 1989 - Lawrence Kilham , On Watching Birds , ISBN   0-930031-14-8 1990 - John McPhee , The Control of Nature , ISBN   0-374-12890-1 1991 - Richard Nelson , The Island Within , ISBN   0-86547-404-4 1992 - Kenneth S. Norris , Dolphin Days: The Life and Times of

2376-503: The North American continent by conducting vast studies throughout Canada, Alaska and Wyoming. Through these constructive yet sometimes treacherous trips, Murie was able to gain valuable experience observing species and collecting specimens. During his first expedition to Canada, Murie discovered his passion for fieldwork and was able to develop resourceful skills from his indigenous guides, which were critical for his survival in such

2448-611: The Post-Human Landscape. 2023 - Kelby Ouchley, Bayou D’Arbonne Swamp: A Naturalist’s Memoir of Place , Louisiana State University Press . 2024 - Marina Richie, Halcyon Journey: A Search for the Belted Kingfisher, Oregon State University Press , 2022. References [ edit ] ^ "About the Awards" . John Burroughs Association . Retrieved March 12, 2018 . ^ "About

2520-1019: The Raven , ISBN   0-06-017447-1 2001 - David M. Carroll , Swampwalker's Journal , ISBN   0-395-64725-8 2002 - Ken Lamberton , Wilderness and Razor Wire , ISBN   1-56279-116-8 2003 - Carl Safina , Eye of the Albatross: Visions of Hope and Survival , ISBN   0-8050-6228-9 2004 - Ted Levin , Liquid Land: A Journey Through The Florida Everglades , ISBN   0-8203-2512-0 2005 - Robin Wall Kimmerer , Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Mosses , ISBN   0-87071-499-6 2006 - Donald Kroodsma , The Singing Life of Birds , ISBN   0-618-40568-2 2007 - Ellen Meloy , Eating Stone: Imagination And The Loss Of The Wild , ISBN   0-375-42216-1 2008 - Julia Whitty , The Fragile Edge: Diving and Other Adventures in

2592-461: The Road with John James Audubon , ISBN   0-396-07740-4 1982 - Peter Matthiessen , Sand Rivers , ISBN   0-906053-22-6 1983 - Alexander F. Skutch , A Naturalist on a Tropical Farm , ISBN   0-520-03802-9 1984 - David Rains Wallace , The Klamath Knot: Explorations of Myth and Evolution , ISBN   0-520-23659-9 1985 - Mark Owens and Delia Owens , Cry of

2664-540: The Seminary and completed his studies in 1856. He continued teaching until 1863. In 1857 Burroughs left a teaching position in the village of Buffalo Grove in Illinois to seek employment closer to home, drawn back by "the girl I left behind me." On September 12, 1857, Burroughs married Ursula North (1836–1917). Burroughs later became an atheist with an inclination towards pantheism . Burroughs had his first break as

2736-611: The South Pacific , ISBN   0-618-19716-8 2009 - Franklin Burroughs , Confluence: Merrymeeting Bay , ISBN   0-88448-282-0 2010 - Michael Welland , Sand: The Never-Ending Story , ISBN   0-520-26597-1 2011 - Elisabeth Tova Bailey , The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating , ISBN   978-1565126060 2012 - Edward (Ted) Hoagland , Sex and the River Styx , ISBN   978-1603583374 2013 - Thor Hanson , Feathers: The Evolution of

2808-528: The Spinner Dolphin , ISBN   0-393-02945-X 1993 - Vincent Dethier , Crickets and Katydids, Concerts and Solos , ISBN   0-674-17577-8 1994 - David G. Campbell , The Crystal Desert: Summers in Antarctica , ISBN   0-436-20049-X 1995 - Craig Packer , Into Africa , ISBN   0-226-64429-4 1996 - Bill Green , Water, Ice and Stone:Science and Memory on

2880-988: The Wild , ISBN   0-920474-43-8 1970 - Victor B. Scheffer , The Year of the Whale 1971 - John K. Terres , From Laurel Hill to Siler's Bog , ISBN   0-8078-4426-8 1972 - Robert S. Arbib , The Lord's Woods: The Passing of an American Woodland , ISBN   0-393-08639-9 1973 - Elizabeth Barlow , The Forests and Wetlands of New York City 1974 - Sigurd F. Olson , Wilderness Days , ISBN   0-394-47155-5 1975 - no award 1976 - Ann Haymond Zwinger , Run, River, Run , ISBN   0-06-014824-1 1977 - Aldo Leopold , A Sand County Almanac , ISBN   0-915024-15-2 1978 - Ruth Kirk , The American Southwest Desert , ISBN   0-395-17209-8 1979 - Barry Lopez , Of Wolves and Men , ISBN   0-7432-4936-4 1980 - no award 1981 - Mary Durant and Michael Harwood , On

2952-1253: The World 1927 - Ernest Thompson Seton , Lives of Game Animals 1928 - John Russell McCarthy , Nature Poems 1929 - Frank M. Chapman , Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America (published 1906) 1930 - Archibald Rutledge , Peace in the Heart 1931 - no award 1932 - Frederick S. Dellenbaugh , A Canyon Voyage: A Narrative of the Second Powell Expedition , ISBN   0-8165-0880-1 1933 - Oliver P. Medsker , Spring , Summer , Fall , Winter (set) 1934 - W.W. Christman , Wild Pasture Pine 1935 - no award 1936 - Charles Crawford Gorst , Recordings of Bird Calls 1937 - no award 1938 - Robert Cushman Murphy , Oceanic Birds of South America 1939 - T. Gilbert Pearson , Adventures in Bird Protection 1940 - Arthur Cleveland Bent , Life Histories of North American Birds (18 title series, United States Government Printing Office) 1941 - Louis J. Halle, Jr. , Birds Against Men 1942 - Edward A. Armstrong , Birds of

John Burroughs Medal - Misplaced Pages Continue

3024-455: The arctic due to the lack of humans, Murie was able to establish a more holistic understanding of humans’ impact on an environment, which he would develop more in subsequent trips around North America. In 1920, following his work in Canada, Murie accepted a position working for the U.S. Biological Survey in Alaska, studying the caribou in Alaska to locate the largest caribou populations, with the intention of crossbreeding them with reindeer. Murie

3096-586: The author of a distinguished book of natural history, with the presentation made during the Association's annual meeting on the first Monday of April. An award bearing Burroughs name is available to Boy Scouts who attend Seven Ranges Scout Reservation in Kensington, Ohio . The requirements to achieve this award require ample knowledge in the field of plants, rocks and minerals, astronomy, and animals. The award has three levels: bronze, gold, and silver being

3168-427: The bacteria to spread easily. Through these observations, Murie determined that protecting the elk’s habitat initially, would have been more beneficial than attempting to mitigate the problem later. Due to Murie's extensive knowledge of elk in their native habitat, he was shoulder-tapped by Colonel John K. Howard to be the scientific leader of the 1949 New Zealand American Fiordland Expedition . Murie's son, Donald,

3240-434: The best animals are shot and inferior animals left to breed. I think that good breeding’s as important in game animals as it is in domestic stock. With our game, however we have been accustomed to reverse the process killing off the finest animals and removing the natural enemies which tend to keep down the unfit.” Murie saw that hunting by humans was counter to trends produced by nature, and counteracted Darwin’s survival of

3312-598: The boundaries of Olympic National Park helped to convince President Franklin D. Roosevelt to add the temperate rain forest of the Bogachiel River and Hoh Rain Forest in the Hoh River valley. Lobbying for a natural boundary for the elk of the Grand Teton area, Murie helped to create Jackson Hole National Monument in 1943 (it was upgraded to national park status several years later, then incorporated into

3384-415: The case of Jackson Hole National Monument, he emphasized how new tourism was contributing to Jackson's local economy. Murie would go on to advocate for the preservation of many additional parks from human development. He believed that those who wished to "seek the solitude of the primitive forest" should have the ability to do so and that a democratic society should protect this right. In 1956, Murie began

3456-417: The day such as the theory of natural selection . He entertained philosophical and literary questions, and wrote another book about Whitman in 1896, four years after the poet's death. From his youth, Burroughs was an avid fly fisherman and known among Catskill anglers. Although he never wrote any purely fishing books, he did contribute some notable fishing essays to angling literature. Most notable of these

3528-491: The day, including President Theodore Roosevelt , who was friends with Burroughs. Many of Burroughs' essays first appeared in popular magazines. He is best known for his observations on birds, flowers and rural scenes, but his essay topics also range to religion, philosophy, and literature. Burroughs was a staunch defender of Walt Whitman and Ralph Waldo Emerson , but somewhat critical of Henry David Thoreau , even while praising many of Thoreau's qualities. His achievements as

3600-450: The east and the higher peaks of the Catskills, especially Slide Mountain , which he would later write about. As he labored on the family farm he was captivated by the return of the birds each spring and other wildlife around the family farm including frogs and bumblebees. In his later years he credited his life as a farm boy for his subsequent love of nature and feeling of kinship with all rural things. During his teen years Burroughs showed

3672-423: The first biography and critical work on the poet, which was extensively (and anonymously) revised and edited by Whitman himself before publication. Four years later, the Boston house of Hurd & Houghton published Burroughs's first collection of nature essays, Wake-Robin . In January 1873, Burroughs left Washington for New York. The next year he bought a 9-acre (3.6 ha) farm in West Park, NY (now part of

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3744-446: The fittest . He believed the true cause of a reduction in elk populations was not wolves, but rather human economic drive. Murie believed that the “caribou’s greatest menace is not the wolf nor the hunter but man's economic development, principally the raising of reindeer”. Murie observed that elk, along with other wild species, needed ample land to survive. Thus, to ensure a specie’s survival, Murie argued that preservation of its habitat

3816-435: The highest. Each level requires more knowledge in the given fields. Burroughs Creek in St. Louis County, Missouri , was named to honor him. "The Kingdom of heaven is not a place, but a state of mind." "Leap, and the net will appear." "A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else." The Complete Writings of John Burroughs totals 23 volumes. The first volume, Wake-Robin ,

3888-403: The least possible exertion." He believed instead that "national parks were created for preservation in their primitive conditions." Once the park was established in 1943, Murie was appointed as the head of the Wildlife Management Division of the National Park Service and was in charge of creating a management plan for the monument. Despite protest from local sportsmen, Murie banned hunting within

3960-403: The matter, conservationists such as Murie interpreted this as a win for their side. With a new position as Director of the Wilderness Society, Murie would continue to fight for and defend existing national parks. Murie relied on techniques that stressed the economic value of national preservation sites because he knew this was the most effective way to appeal to America’s public. For instance, in

4032-413: The more Murie studied caribou populations, the more he opposed this idea. ] Although Murie at first was not extremely vocal in his opposition, he began to express his views. He remarked, “I have a theory that a certain amount of preying on caribou by wolves is beneficial to the herd, that the best animal[s] survive and the vigor of the herd is maintained. Man's killing does not work in this natural way, as

4104-428: The national park. Even when the state of Wyoming, in the case State of Wyoming V Franke , claimed that the additional land held no archeological, scientific or scenic interest, Murie stood by the decision to deem it a national park. He maintained that the park had biological significance with countless species of birds and mammals that lived within the park. Although in the end the court announced it could not interfere in

4176-404: The original features of the huge globe come out. Every single object or point is dwarfed; the valley of the Hudson is only a wrinkle in the earth's surface. You discover with a feeling of surprise that the great thing is the earth itself, which stretches away on every hand so far beyond your ken." The first sentence of this quote is now on a plaque commemorating Burroughs at the mountain's summit, on

4248-677: The turn of the 20th century, Burroughs renovated an old farmhouse near his birthplace and called it " Woodchuck Lodge ." This became his summer residence until his death. Burroughs accompanied many personalities of the time in his later years, including Theodore Roosevelt , John Muir , Henry Ford (who gave him an automobile, one of the first in the Hudson Valley ), Harvey Firestone , and Thomas Edison . In 1899, he participated in E. H. Harriman 's expedition to Alaska . According to Ford, "John Burroughs, Edison, and I with Harvey S. Firestone made several vagabond trips together. We went in motor caravans and slept under canvas. Once, we gypsied through

4320-681: Was Speckled Trout , which appeared in the Atlantic Monthly in October 1870 and was later published in In The Catskills. In Speckled Trout , Burroughs highlights his experiences as an angler and celebrates the trout, streams and lakes of the Catskills. Burroughs enjoyed good physical and mental health during his later years until only a few months before his death when he began to experience lapses in memory and show general signs of advanced age including declining heart function. In February 1921 Burroughs underwent an operation to remove an abscess from his chest. Following this operation, his health steadily declined. Burroughs died on March 29, 1921, while on

4392-419: Was a body of work whose resonance with the tone of its cultural moment explains both its popularity at that time, and its relative obscurity since. Burroughs was the seventh of Chauncy and Amy Kelly Burroughs' ten children. He was born on the family farm in the Catskill Mountains , near Roxbury in Delaware County, New York . As a child he spent many hours on the slopes of Old Clump Mountain , looking off to

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4464-424: Was also expected to collect specimens of various animals, and act as a Fur Warden by enforcing laws that protected animals against illegal fur trade practices. Murie was also encouraged to ensure large caribou populations in the region. To do so, one practice employed by the U.S. Biological Survey during this time was predator poisoning , which reduced predator populations in order to increase prey species. However,

4536-438: Was also part of the 49-strong expedition team, who spent January to May 1949 in Fiordland National Park . The main aim of the expedition was to study the elk (wapiti) population that had been established in the park in 1905, but the large interdisciplinary team also comprised New Zealand biologists from other fields in zoology, botany, geology, and forest survey, as well as surveyors and photographers. In 1937, Murie accepted

4608-401: Was ambitious, as they proposed to travel 700 miles north across Labrador, an expedition that had never been done before. They began by following the Ste. Marguerite River until they reached the Labrador Plateau, which they were required to trek across to access the Moisie River. Eventually they reached the Hamilton River and finally Ungava Bay and their destination, Fort Chimo. Although the trip

4680-410: Was an American naturalist and nature essayist, active in the conservation movement in the United States. The first of his essay collections was Wake-Robin in 1871. In the words of his biographer Edward Renehan , Burroughs' special identity was less that of a scientific naturalist than that of "a literary naturalist with a duty to record his own unique perceptions of the natural world." The result

4752-577: Was granted an M.S. in 1927. He began his career as an Oregon State conservation officer and participated in scientific explorations of Hudson Bay and Labrador, financed by the Carnegie Museum . He joined the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey (now the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ) in 1920 as a wildlife biologist, spending the next 6 years in the field with his brother Adolph Murie , studying Alaskan caribou, mapping migratory routes and estimating numbers. He married Margaret Thomas in 1924 in Anvik, Alaska . They spent their honeymoon tracking caribou through

4824-409: Was hired by the National Elk Commission to determine the cause of the elk winterkill problem in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. As the chief field biologist, Murie concluded that human development was causing overcrowding in the elk’s winter range. Murie was one of the first to discover that these elk historically resided in the mountains and not solely in the plains thus contributing to overcrowding. Although

4896-413: Was key to ensuring a harmonious balance between predator and prey populations. Murie used these ideas to improve current wildlife management practices. Throughout his life, Murie advocated on behalf of wildlife conservation and management. With his wife, Mardie Murie , he successfully campaigned to enlarge the boundaries of the Olympic National Park , and to create the Jackson Hole National Monument and

4968-406: Was necessary. While Murie was critical of his own agency’s ways, it was not until later in his life that he became more outspoken in his views. Besides allowing Murie to formulate his own ideas towards conservation, his time in Alaska gave him additional experience working in the field and resulted in more recognition for him in the realm of field biology. ] In 1927, after his time in Alaska, Murie

5040-427: Was not without its trials, especially when they were unsure of the correct direction of their destination, it was a success overall for amassing specimens. In total 1,862 specimens were collected, which represented 141 species of birds and 30 species of mammals. Murie’s time in Canada provided him with skills needed for a lifetime working in wildlife biology. Because of the pristine and relatively untouched conditions of

5112-520: Was published in 1871 and subsequent volumes were published regularly until the final volume, The Last Harvest , was published in 1922. The final two volumes, Under the Maples and The Last Harvest , were published posthumously by Clara Barrus. Burroughs also published a biography of John James Audubon, a memoir of his camping trip to Yellowstone with President Theodore Roosevelt, and a volume of poetry titled Bird and Bough . Works about John Burroughs Olaus Murie Murie focused his research on

5184-417: Was responsible for collecting bird, rodent and larger mammal specimens, as well as sketching and taking photographs of different organisms and environments. To do so, Murie was required to preserve and label not only animal skins but also rolls of film that was to be given to Carnegie Museum. During his time in Canada, Olaus Murie travelled to various locations and became accustomed to the harsh environment of

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