32-553: Rear-Admiral Sir John Hindmarsh KH (baptised 22 May 1785 – 29 July 1860) was a naval officer and the first Governor of South Australia , from 28 December 1836 to 16 July 1838. His grandfather William Hindmarsh was a gardener in Coniscliffe, County Durham. His father, John Hindmarsh, was born on 27 June 1753 and baptised at St Cuthbert's Church , Darlington . He was pressed into the Royal Navy , and eventually became
64-753: A spritsail to get the ship moving. Captain Darby then came on deck from having his wounds dressed. Nelson knew of this incident and referred to it five years later when he gave Hindmarsh his promotion to lieutenant on 1 August 1803 on board the Victory . Hindmarsh suffered a contusion during the Battle of the Nile that resulted in him later losing an eye. Hindmarsh transferred to the Spencer in May 1800, and took part in
96-600: A warrant officer of the Bellerophon . On 23 August 1784 Hindmarsh (senior) married Mrs Mary Roxburgh, a widow, at St George's-in-the East, Middlesex. At the time of the Battle of the Nile, Hindmarsh (senior) was the gunner of the Bellerophon , (This was a warrant officer position.) Hindmarsh was John and Mary Hindmarsh's eldest son, and was baptised on 25 May 1785 at St Mary's Church, Chatham , Kent. Hindmarsh joined
128-645: A new post of Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies was created within this office. It was held by Robert William Hay initially. His successors were James Stephen , Herman Merivale , Frederic Rogers , Robert Herbert and Robert Henry Meade . From 1824, the British Empire (excepting India , which was administered separately by the East India Company and then the British Raj )
160-544: Is subordinate to vice admiral . It is a two-star rank and has a NATO ranking code of OF-7. The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is major-general ; and in the Royal Air Force it is air vice-marshal . The rank originated in the 17th century, in the days of naval sailing squadrons when each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head. The admiral would command from
192-692: The Scylla , and was promoted to captain on 3 September 1831. William Light captained the paddle steamer the Nile from London to Alexandria to join the Egyptian Navy in 1834, reaching Alexandria in September. Hindmarsh, who had prepared the steamer for delivery at Blackwall Yard on the River Thames , travelled as a passenger on the ship on its journey to Alexandria, and was made captain of
224-725: The Battle of Algeciras Bay in 1801. He served on HMS Phoebe at the Battle of Trafalgar , and was first lieutenant of the sloop Beagle , which took a conspicuous part in the Battle of the Basque Roads in 1809, and on the same sloop in the Walcheren expedition later in the year. He served in the Nisus in the invasion of Java in 1811. He was promoted to commander on 15 June 1814. A lengthy period of inaction on half-pay followed, but from March 1830 to December 1831 he commanded
256-875: The British Raj and other British territories near India, were under the authority of the India Office from 1858. Other, more informal protectorates , such as the Khedivate of Egypt , fell under the authority of the Foreign Office . After 1878, when the Emigration Commission was abolished, an Emigration Department was created in the Colonial Office. This was merged with the General Department in 1894, before its complete abolition in 1896. The increasing independence of
288-735: The Dominions – Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Newfoundland and South Africa – following the 1907 Imperial Conference , led to the formation of a separate Dominion Division within the Colonial Office. From 1925 onwards the UK ministry included a separate Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs . After the Cairo Conference held in March 1921, the Colonial Office was charged for the Palestine Mandate administration in substitution of
320-801: The Foreign Office . On 16 April 1947, the Irgun placed a bomb at the Colonial Office which failed to detonate. The plot was linked to the 1946 Embassy bombing . After the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan gained independence in 1947, the Dominion Office was merged with the India Office to form the Commonwealth Relations Office . In 1966, the Commonwealth Relations Office
352-543: The Royal Navy either in April 1793 (aged seven or eight), or on 19 July 1790 (aged five). In 1793 he was listed on the muster roll of the Bellerophon as the servant of his father. He was schooled by Mr Neale, the purser of the Bellerophon . He saw action on the Bellerophon at the Battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794 and the Battle of the Nile in 1798. He was promoted to First Class Volunteer, when he
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#1732772128534384-713: The Thirteen Colonies , as well as, the Canadian territories recently won from France), until merged into the new Home Office in 1782. In 1801, colonial affairs were transferred to the War Office in the lead up to the Napoleonic Wars , which became the War and Colonial Office to oversee and protect the colonies of the British Empire . The Colonial Office was re-created as a separate department 1854, under
416-599: The colonial secretary . It was finally merged into the Commonwealth Office in 1966. Despite its name, the Colonial Office was responsible for much, but not all, of Britain's Imperial territories; the protectorates fell under the purview of the Foreign Office , and the British Presidencies in India were ruled by the East India Company until 1858, when the India Office was formed to oversee
448-534: The loss of thirteen of its colonies , however, the department was abolished in 1782. Responsibility for the remaining colonies was given to the Home Office , and subsequently in 1801 transferred to the War Department . The War Office was renamed the War and Colonial Office in 1801, under a new Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , to reflect the increasing importance of the colonies. In 1825
480-940: The British colonies was part of the duties of the Secretary of State for the Southern Department and a committee of the Privy Council known as the Board of Trade and Plantations . Separately, the Indian Department was responsible for relations with indigenous nations in North America from 1755 onwards. In 1768 the separate American or Colonial Department was established, in order to deal with colonial affairs in British America . With
512-686: The United Kingdom's colonial dependencies in The Colonial Office List , though between 1926 and 1940 it was known as The Dominions Office and Colonial Office List . It later became known as the Commonwealth Relations Office Year Book and Commonwealth Office Year Book . In addition to the official List published by the Colonial Office, an edited version was also produced by Waterlow and Sons . It can be difficult to distinguish between
544-660: The administration of the new Viceroyalty of India (the Crown ruled India directly through a Viceroy after the Indian Rebellion ), while the role of the Colonial Office in the affairs of the Dominions was replaced by the Dominion Office in 1925. It was headed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies , known informally as the Colonial Secretary. Prior to 1768, responsibility for the affairs of
576-412: The centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron. The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral, who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle. In the rear of the naval squadron, a third admiral would command the remaining ships and, as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger, the admiral in command of the rear would typically be
608-795: The colony, it did not. William IV, having been empowered by an Act of Parliament in August 1834, in February 1836 Letters Patent 'Erected and Established' the Province of South Australia. No governor had the power to create colonies. There was some question as to the respective powers of the Governor and the Resident Commissioner, James Hurtle Fisher , and the two came into open conflict. Feeling ran high and when Hindmarsh went so far as to suspend Robert Gouger and other public officers,
640-458: The commissioners brought the matter before the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Hindmarsh was then recalled to London in 1838. The Southern Australian , for one, was pleased to see him go; partly as a military man in what should be a civil position, and the divisive nature of his rule, but also hints of personal character defects. Issued at Glenelg on 28 December 1836: In 1840 Hindmarsh
672-402: The grounds of St Andrew's Church, Hove. John Hindmarsh (1785 – 29 July 1860) married Susanna Wilson Edmeades (1786 – 2 April 1859), daughter of Henry Dickson Edmeades, on 4 November 1809 at St Nicholas' Church, Strood, Kent. Their children were: Rear admiral (Royal Navy) Rear admiral ( RAdm ) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy . It is immediately superior to commodore and
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#1732772128534704-481: The most junior of the squadron admirals. This has survived into the modern age, with the rank of rear admiral the most junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies. Prior to 1864 the Royal Navy was divided into coloured squadrons which determined career path . The command flags flown by a rear-admiral changed a number of times during this period. The Royal Navy rank of rear admiral should be distinguished from
736-595: The office of Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom , which is an Admiralty position usually held by a senior (and possibly retired) "full" admiral. Colonial Office The Colonial Office was a government department of the Kingdom of Great Britain and later of the United Kingdom , first created in 1768 from the Southern Department to deal with colonial affairs in North America (particularly
768-545: The ship by November. He received his commission as governor and commander-in-chief of the province of South Australia on 14 July 1836. On 11 July 1836 Hindmarsh sailed for South Australia on HMS Buffalo as its first governor after winning influential support and applying to the Colonial Office . When the Naval General Service Medal , designed by William Wyon , was introduced in 1847, it
800-550: The team of surveyors led by Light to find a suitable place for the capital city of the new colony. Hindmarsh, who had no rights in the matter, wanted it at Port Lincoln , rather than the present site as selected by Light. Light eventually chose the site of Adelaide , and stationed the Cygnet at Port Lincoln to notify Hindmarsh that the capital would be located on the east Coast of Gulf St Vincent near Holdfast Bay , now known as Glenelg, South Australia (named after Lord Glenelg ,
832-427: The then Colonial Secretary). The name "Adelaide" was chosen by King William IV in honour of his consort Queen Adelaide . Hindmarsh's proclamation on 28 December 1836 announced the commencement of colonial government and stated that Aborigines were to be treated justly and were 'equally entitled to the privileges of British subjects'. Although most South Australians have been taught that Hindmarsh's proclamation created
864-618: Was discovered that only two people were entitled to the medal with seven clasps (one clasp for each battle the recipient took part in): Sir John Hindmarsh and Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Alexander Gordon . The seven clasps on Hindmarsh's medal were for Java, Basque Roads 1809, Trafalgar, Gut of Gibraltar 12 July 1801 (the Second Battle of Algeciras ), Nile, 17 June 1795 (known as Cornwallis's Retreat ) and 1 June 1794 (the " Glorious First of June "). He
896-522: Was divided by the War and Colonial Office into the following administrative departments: In 1854, the War and Colonial Office was divided in two, the War Office and a new Colonial Office, created to deal specifically with affairs in the colonies and assigned to the Secretary of State for the Colonies . The Colonial Office did not have responsibility for all British possessions overseas: for example, both
928-670: Was listed to be awarded a good service pension of £150 under the 1850-51 Navy Estimates . He was promoted to rear admiral on the retired list in 1856. "Bluff Jack Hindmarsh", as he came to be known, arrived in Holdfast Bay on 28 December 1836, in the Buffalo . Prior to this, earlier arrivals included the Survey Brig Rapid , Cygnet (carrying Colonel William Light 's surveyors), Africaine , and Tam O'Shanter . Initially they landed on Kangaroo Island , and sent out
960-505: Was made Lieutenant-Governor of Heligoland , where he served until 7 March 1857. Hindmarsh was knighted by Queen Victoria on 7 August 1851, and retired in 1857 to the seaside town of Hove , England. Hindmarsh lived at 30 Albany Villas in Hove for a number of years, where there is now a blue plaque in his honour. Rear-Admiral Sir John Hindmarsh died in London on 29 July 1860 and is buried in
992-463: Was nine, for his actions at the Battle of the Glorious First of June . During the Battle of the Nile on 1 August 1798, the fire on board the French line-of-battle ship l'Orient put the Bellerophon (1786) in danger; all the other officers on the quarterdeck on the Bellerophon were killed or wounded, so 13-year-old Midshipman Hindmarsh gathered some of the crew, cut the anchor cables, and raised
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1024-634: Was re-merged with the Colonial Office, forming the Commonwealth Office . Two years later, this department was itself merged into the Foreign Office, establishing the Foreign and Commonwealth Office . The Colonial Office had its offices in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Main Building in Whitehall . From 1862, the Colonial Office published historical and statistical information concerning
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