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63-715: Born in Endicott, New York , Hart published his first work in Stars and Stripes while he served in Korea as an enlisted member of the United States Air Force . Returning in 1953, he published cartoons in The Saturday Evening Post , Collier's Weekly and other magazines. His pre-cartooning employment included working in a barbecue restaurant and sign painting. Hart's biggest success, B.C. ,

126-469: A "Square Deal" for everyone, IBM began building a factory complex just to the east of the Endicott-Johnson factories. The factory complex centered at North Street and McKinley Avenue expanded rapidly in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Endicott was the original location of all IBM manufacturing, research, and development from the early 1920s through World War II. The outbreak of World War II and

189-503: A 350-acre (1.4 km ) swath south of the plant. The main chemical was the liquid cleaning agent trichloroethylene (TCE), which has been linked to cancer and other illnesses. Following an initial feasibility assessment, in 2008, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began a health study of former IBM Endicott employees to determine if they are more likely to develop certain types of cancer than

252-595: A branch of Syracuse University , was started in Endicott in 1946, using buildings donated by IBM and Endicott-Johnson. The college became Harpur College once it was adopted into the SUNY system, and moved to its present location in Vestal , where it is now known as Binghamton University (BU). BU has seen rapid expansion from 2000 onward and now has a secondary campus in downtown Binghamton. While originally associated with BU,

315-409: A day or two that they were never even able to ask because of the months of clerk time that would have been required. By the 1930s IBM was the leading company in the world in electromechanical data processing and had contracts with a number of government agencies, notably the original Social Security contract. Encouraged by George F. Johnson, who saw Endicott as the world's first industrial "park" with

378-479: A fashion business in the United States. More importantly, little if any money was invested in improving the original 1900 manufacturing technology, which meant that foreign countries could make the same shoes at a lower price. Loss of market share resulted in the closing and sale of the Endicott factories. Endicott is best known as the "Birthplace of IBM ". The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)

441-473: A female householder with no husband present, and 50.6% were non-families. 41.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.91. In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

504-612: A large tract of farmland, Endicott was known as a boomtown , and as a result acquired the nickname The Magic City . As the two villages had grown so much that there was no longer any physical distinction between them, Union village was merged into Endicott in 1921. The Endicott Johnson Corporation grew out of the Lester Brothers Boot and Shoe Company which began in Binghamton in 1854. With In 1890, Lester Brothers along with Lucas Kacynski Co moved their business west to

567-413: A local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Despite the amount of pollutant, state health officials could not verify whether air or water pollution in Endicott has actually caused any health problems. According to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink. In 2002, scientists discovered a large underground chemical plume, which was releasing toxic gases into homes and offices in

630-510: A nearby rural area, which in 1892, was incorporated as the village of Lestershire and in 1916, became Johnson City. Financial problems in 1890 forced the sale of the company to a creditor and fellow shoemaker, Henry Bradford Endicott of Massachusetts , who founded the Endicott Shoe Company and in 1899, made factory foreman George F. Johnson his partner. The village of Endicott is named after Henry B. Endicott. George F. Johnson

693-472: A number of state-of-the-art factories along the railroad line. Anticipating population growth, the company also surveyed and laid out the current street pattern of most of Endicott north of Main Street, so in this sense, Endicott was a "planned community". However, because of an initial lack of housing, from 1900 to 1910 most workers commuted on a horse-drawn streetcar line connecting Johnson City to Endicott along

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756-562: A result, Ann G. McGuinness Elementary was turned into a K-5 school, and all Grade 6 students were taken in by Jennie F. Snapp Middle School. As of 2016, Linnaeus W. West Elementary is now a high school overseen by the Union-Endicott Central School District and the XQ Institute. Greater Binghamton The Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area , also called Greater Binghamton or

819-457: A significant departure from its previously very prosperous business of electromechanical data processing. IBM's engineers and workers in Endicott provided reliable and cost-effective computers to government agencies, banks, and large corporations in the 1950s. This information revolution transformed the American and world economies, and made IBM one of the world's most successful corporations of

882-477: A single road through much of the urban core, beginning in downtown Binghamton and running through Johnson City, Endwell, and Endicott. Broome County Transit operates 14 fixed route bus lines in the metropolitan area. Greyhound Bus Lines and New York Trailways operate intercity coach bus service through Binghamton, with direct connection to major cities in the region such as Ithaca , Syracuse, Rochester , Albany, and New York City. The Greater Binghamton Airport

945-722: Is a village in Broome County , New York , United States. The population was 13,392 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area . The village is named after Henry B. Endicott , a founding member of the Endicott Johnson Corporation shoe manufacturing company, who founded the community as the "Home of the Square Deal". The village of Endicott is in the town of Union and

1008-643: Is located in the Town of Maine, just north of the Village of Johnson City. Currently Delta airlines services the airport. As of the census of 2010, there were 251,725 people, 102,517 households, and 62,796 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 89.8% White , 4.0% African American , 0.2% Native American , 3.0% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.8% from other races , and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of

1071-507: Is west of the city of Binghamton. The community is served by the Greater Binghamton Airport /Edwin A. Link Field. It is part of the " Triple Cities ", along with Binghamton and Johnson City . The village of Endicott was originally made up of two distinct villages: Union village (now the historic business district at the intersection of NYS Route 26 and NYS Route 17C ), incorporated in 1892, and Endicott (whose center

1134-478: The Los Angeles Times , moved them to the religious section of the newspaper. Two strips in particular were controversial. The B.C. strip for April 15, 2001, which was Easter Sunday , portrayed a Jewish menorah with seven candles progressively burning out as the strip captions ran the words of Jesus Christ . At the end, the outer arms of the candelabrum broke away, leaving a Christian cross , with

1197-455: The Balkans in the early part of the 20th century. Endicott-Johnson's employment in the region reached a peak of about 20,000 in the early 1920s. In an innovative and far-sighted policy, George F. Johnson made sections of the company's land holdings outside the factory district available to workers to build homes on, with financing provided by the company, and title reverting to the worker when

1260-702: The Cider Mill Playhouse now serves as an independent community theatre in Endicott. The county-run EnJoie Golf Course in Endicott was home of the PGA Tour 's B.C. Open . Originally held annually in September, the tournament attracted golf's biggest names, from Arnold Palmer to Tiger Woods . In 2000, the tournament was moved to June, which left it competing with the British Open for players and coverage. The tournament ended its 30+ year run on

1323-557: The Depression of the 1930s, but since shoes were a necessity, did better than other manufacturing sectors of the economy. Orders for shoes from the military in World War II in the 1940s propelled employment over the peak attained in the early 1920s. Unfortunately, the management of Endicott-Johnson after the death of George F. Johnson in 1948, couldn't cope with a more affluent era in the 1950s and 1960s when footwear became mainly

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1386-647: The Triple Cities , is a region of southern Upstate New York in the Northeastern United States , anchored by Binghamton . The MSA encompasses Broome and Tioga counties, which together had a population of 247,138 as of the 2020 census . From 1963 to 1983, the MSA also included neighboring Susquehanna County in Pennsylvania , part of which still falls in the Binghamton, NY–PA Urban Area. In addition to these three counties,

1449-554: The United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km ), of which 0.004 square miles (0.01 km ), or 0.13%, is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 13,392 people, 6,058 households, and 2,994 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,198.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,620.9/km ). There were 6,719 housing units at an average density of 2,106.3 per square mile (813.2/km ). The racial makeup of

1512-491: The Broome County area, including logos for: Hart's involvement with the B.C. Open dated back to the early 1970s, and characters from B.C. were used extensively in advertising and marketing materials for the event, including the winner's trophy, which was a bronzed version of a hapless B.C. Caveman golfing, a light-hearted trophy when compared to many others, leading it to have earned the designation of being "voted by

1575-503: The February 14, 2008, strip, two peasant women are talking. One who has just bought some flowers says: "How come you don't celebrate Valentine's Day?" and the other answers: "My Hart isn't in it this year." Traditionally, every December 3, Johnny Hart would draw a B.C. cartoon with his wife Ida "Bobby" Hart portrayed as the queen of the ant colony, to celebrate her birthday. On December 3, 2007, his grandson Mason Mastroianni carried on

1638-650: The PGA in July 2006. In July 2007, Endicott hosted the first Dick's Sporting Goods Open , a Champions Tour stop. The village is on the north side of the Susquehanna River and the Southern Tier Expressway (NYS Route 17) . Endicott is located at 42°6′11″N 76°3′17″W  /  42.10306°N 76.05472°W  / 42.10306; -76.05472 (42.103074, −76.054687). According to

1701-627: The area. Since IBM has left, Endicott and the surrounding areas of Broome County have lost much of its wealth. Broome County is considered to be the poorest county in upstate New York and one of the poorest areas in New York. There are six properties or districts in Endicott that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . These include two carousels . For more information, see National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York . The Triple Cities College,

1764-530: The complex, and employment was estimated at 600–800 in 2012. The jobs were entirely in research and development, and there is no longer any manufacturing at IBM-Endicott. By 2023, less than 50 people worked at IBM-Endicott and the company closed the last of their facilities in October, 2023. Much of the IBM factories in Endicott are abandoned and in ruins and have severely diminished the quality of life in recent years in

1827-451: The concept into what eventually became The Flintstones . Hart died of a stroke on April 7, 2007. According to his wife Bobby, he was working at his drawing table at the time of his death. His co-creator for The Wizard of Id , Brant Parker, died just eight days later, on April 15, 2007. Hart was raised in a casually religious family, and he attended Christian Sunday School regularly. Although his formal education ended with high school, he

1890-413: The crescent moons both in the sky and on the outhouse, made the strip a slur on Islam . Hart denied that it was anything but an outhouse joke. Hart was an active member of his local community — the area of Greater Binghamton in Broome County, New York , which shares a common abbreviation of "B.C." Hart donated B.C.-based drawings and logos free of charge to many entities and organizations found in

1953-595: The current route of New York State Route 17C. Endicott grew and flourished due to massive numbers of immigrants who came to the area to work for "EJ", predominantly from southern and eastern Europe. "Which way EJ?" was said to be what they asked immigration officials at Ellis Island in New York City, but it is far more likely that they had already memorized the addresses of relatives or friends living in Endicott. The company also maintained recruiting sites in Italy and

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2016-560: The entire area, housing one of the two major multiplex theaters in the area, and a number of shopping plazas, major chain stores, and eateries. Binghamton University is also physically located in Vestal, though its mailing address is in Binghamton. The core municipalities of Binghamton, Johnson City, and Endicott are connected together by the Southern Tier Expressway (NY 17, future Interstate 86 ). Along with NY 17, Interstate 81 and Interstate 88 provide high-speed expressways that connect

2079-578: The final panel portraying the opened and empty tomb of Christ . Critics including the Anti-Defamation League and the American Jewish Committee argued that Hart's strip portrayed replacement theology , that is, the conception of Christianity as supplanting Judaism . Hart offered an apology "if I have offended any readers," but still thought the strip could increase "religious awareness" and claimed that he had meant

2142-452: The general public. NIOSH estimated the cost of the study at $ 3.1 million. The scope of the study was later expanded to include kidney failure among the employees and birth defects among their children. The study found lower total deaths and cancer deaths than would have been expected from the general population. Since the plume has been discovered, methods including warming the ground area and pulling tainted ground water have decreased

2205-422: The greater region includes parts of Delaware and Chenango counties in New York; portions of Cortland and Otsego counties in New York and Wayne County, Pennsylvania are sometimes considered part of the region as well. Using the definition of a 30-mile radius from Binghamton, the population as of the 2010 census is 317,331. The Greater Binghamton name was adopted in the early 21st century to better identify

2268-475: The ground for years before environmental rules required that such "spills" be reported. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compounds in Endicott's soil and aquifer. Trace elements of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott's drinking water, but

2331-481: The latter two of which are technically villages . The area is also sometimes called the "Greater Binghamton Area" as the city of Binghamton is the largest and most prominent of the three, with a population greater than the other two combined, and a much larger geographical area. The three incorporated areas are close enough to appear as a single large, spread out, city. They are economically integrated, though they retain their political identities. The idea of merging

2394-458: The levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon , benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from

2457-463: The loan was paid off. Along with extensive company-provided recreational facilities and medical clinics (unheard of at the time and decades before government took over these responsibilities), this "Square Deal" of the early 20th century is commemorated by stone arches erected by the workers in 1920 across Route 17C (Main Street) at the entrances to Endicott and Johnson City. Endicott-Johnson was hurt by

2520-464: The major companies in the industrial time-keeping business, but its new chief executive Thomas J. Watson realized that data processing had far greater potential than just workers punching a time clock. A great motivator of salesmen, Watson sent them to a new territory of banks, corporations, and government agencies, where they explained how a database of IBM punched cards and data processing with IBM sorting machines would enable them to answer questions in

2583-406: The majority of communities in the metro area together. I-81 connects the metro area to Syracuse , Canada , and Pennsylvania , while NY 17 connects the area to New York City and Western New York , and I-88 provides connections to Albany and New England . U.S. Route 11 and New York State Route 12 serve as important non-expressway gateways to the area. Main Street (NY 17C) is connected as

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2646-532: The mascot of UC Irvine , the anteater. Hart was memorialized in a May 14, 2007, strip of the comic strip Mother Goose & Grimm . In the June 20, 2007, Blondie strip, the last panel shows Mr. Dithers saying, "Boy oh boy, that Johnny Hart sure knew his stuff, didn't he?" Bruce Tinsley honored Hart in his Mallard Fillmore strip of July 10, 2007. There was also a tribute in The Wizard of Id strip. In

2709-468: The players on Tour as the best trophy on Tour; the one that they would love to have." Additionally, Hart contributed original panels of B.C. strips for charity auctions with the Binghamton, New York -based PBS affiliate, WSKG-TV . He also provided album cover art for the 1999 album Still Fresh by the world-famous jazz vocal group The Four Freshmen , and his strips for B.C. were the inspiration for

2772-604: The poverty line, including 34.0% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over. In the early 20th century, Italians flocked to Endicott due to the opportunity for jobs in the Endicott-Johnson shoe factories. The Italians settled on the North Side of the village. Today the North Side of the village is recognized as Little Italy, and still has a large Italian population. For much of its history, IBM dumped tons of industrial solvents , used to clean computer parts, down drains. The solvents also leached from leaky pipes into

2835-508: The region peaked at approximately 16,000 in the mid-1980s. IBM's own expansion in this period was the construction of large research and development centers in the Glendale section of the town of Union (3 miles (5 km) to the west, now occupied by State of New York offices) and in Owego (9 miles (14 km) to the west, now owned by Lockheed Martin ). By the mid-1960s, most IBM workers in

2898-531: The region with its most well-known city in efforts of marketing and external promotion. The metropolitan area is located in the Southern Tier of New York State and lies on Pennsylvania 's northern border, approximately 66 miles (110 km) south of Syracuse, New York . Historically, the region has been known as the Triple Cities and is made up of Binghamton , Johnson City , and Endicott ,

2961-516: The region worked at these sites. A circuit board fabricating plant was built on North Street adjacent to the original factory complex in the mid-1960s. After the Second World War, IBM corporate headquarters moved to Armonk, New York , and new research and manufacturing sites were established throughout the United States and overseas. In 2002, IBM sold the aging Endicott manufacturing site to local investors. IBM leased several buildings in

3024-400: The second half of the 20th century. The expansion of IBM-Endicott beginning in the 1940s resulted in some residential development north and west of the original Endicott street grid, but its major effect was the transformation of the then semi-rural sites of Endwell (to the immediate east) and Vestal (to the immediate south) into the large residential areas they are today. IBM employment in

3087-636: The size and intensity of the plume. The Village of Endicott has been working with the New York State DEC to remedy this concern. Endicott is served by the Union-Endicott Central School District which oversees the following schools: Prior to the 2011–2012 school year, Linnaeus W. West Elementary was overseen by the Union-Endicott Central School District. Following a flood brought on by Tropical Storm Lee (2011) , where it then became Owego Elementary. As

3150-552: The soles and heels as they wore out, until the uppers disintegrated.) The orders pouring in made expansion of the shoe company necessary. The next parcel of inexpensive, level land along the railroad and safely above the flood plain was a forested area around what is now the intersection of North Street and Washington Avenue in what is now Endicott. What was by then the Endicott-Johnson Corporation purchased this land and several large tracts around it and built

3213-681: The source of considerable controversy in the later years of his life. In a 1999 interview with The Washington Post , for example, he stated that " Jews and Muslims who don't accept Jesus will burn in Hell" and that " homosexuality is the handiwork of Satan ." In the same piece, Hart opined that "the end of the world is approaching, maybe by the year 2010." The lion's share of controversy, however, came from Hart's increasing tendency to incorporate his religious and political themes and ideals into his comic strips, especially B.C. Some newspapers refused to print strips with overtly religious themes or, as with

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3276-453: The strip to be a tribute to both religions. Another B.C. strip, which ran November 10, 2003, showed an outhouse with a traditional crescent , which a character entered with a vertical graphic "SLAM", only to ask, "Is it just me, or does it stink in here?" Critics including the Council on American-Islamic Relations claimed that the combination of the vertical bar and the "SLAM", as well as

3339-442: The subsequent mobilization of the economy and the induction of 12 million young men into the military resulted in a demand for more data processing work from IBM. Every soldier in World War II had an "IBM Card" in his file. Several of the IBM factories in Endicott were converted to arms production during World War II, notably the production of sidearms (pistols). After World War II, IBM concentrated on electronic data processing,

3402-553: The three into a single city has been broached, but is politically unlikely. While "triple cities" strictly covers only the three main municipalities, the term also refers broadly to the surrounding area of conurbation , including Endwell , West Corners, the Upper Front Street area (technically in the town of Dickinson ), and the town of Vestal . Vestal is home to the Vestal Parkway , a major commercial strip for

3465-641: The tradition, a practice he would keep up yearly until 2019, the year after Bobby Hart's death. With the release of Wizard of Id in 1964, Hart became one of only four cartoonists to have two comic strips appearing in over 1000 papers each. He won numerous awards for his work, including the National Cartoonists Society 's Reuben award for B.C. in 1968 and Wizard of Id in 1984. National Cartoonists Society Newspaper Comic Strip (Humor) Award for B.C. National Cartoonists Society The International Congress of Comics – Lucca, Italy . This

3528-403: The village was 86.64% White , 6.96% African American , 0.21% Native American , 1.75% Asian , 0.13% Pacific Islander , 0.98% from other races , and 3.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.44% of the population. There were 6,058 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.1% were married couples living together, 15.7% had

3591-412: Was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 32,599, and the median income for a family was $ 46,761. Males had a median income of $ 34,572 versus $ 30,888 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 20,603. About 16.2% of families and 21.0% of the population were below

3654-462: Was a brilliant businessman and under his direction the Endicott Shoe Company became very prosperous very quickly. His early adoption of a new machine that could stitch "uppers" to "lowers" was the key to his success, meaning that for the first time in history unskilled labor could manufacture shoes. (Prior to this, shoes were made to individual order by skilled cobblers . People who couldn't afford this bought used shoes, and had cobblers regularly replace

3717-423: Was along Washington Avenue and North Street), which was incorporated in 1906. Union was a market town along the Susquehanna River settled in the 1790s, serving the farming area between Binghamton and Owego . Endicott, on the other hand, was originally a company town constructed for and by the Endicott Johnson Corporation , which grew to become the largest shoe company in the world by World War I . Growing out of

3780-422: Was created in 1957 and began appearing in national daily newspapers on February 17, 1958. Hart also co-created and wrote the comic strip The Wizard of Id , drawn by Brant Parker , which has been distributed since November 9, 1964. According to Hanna-Barbera animator Ed Benedict , the animation powerhouses approached Hart in 1960 pitching a prime time animated B.C. series. Talks fell through with HB retooling

3843-699: Was fascinated by the Bible from a young age. In 1984 there was a distinguishable shift in Hart's spirituality, and Hart and wife Bobby began attending a congregation of the Presbyterian Church in Nineveh, New York . Hart attributed his religious awakening to a father-son team of contractors who installed a satellite dish at his home. Hart's increasingly deep religious faith, and the staunch theological and political conservatism that accompanied it, came to be

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3906-681: Was founded in Endicott on June 16, 1911, via the consolidation of the International Time Recording Company (ITR), The Tabulating Machine Company , Computing Scale Company, and Bundy Time Recording. These companies used a technology invented by Herman Hollerith whereby stiff paper cards with holes in a systematic pattern, called punched cards , could be "read" by machines via electrical contact. The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation ( IBM ) in 1924. The formation of what soon became IBM consolidated some of

3969-1113: Was the first time this award was given to an American cartoonist. National Cartoonists Society For outstanding contributions to NASA The National Cartoonist Society "B.C. The First Thanksgiving" The Advertising Council "B.C. Tickets for ACTION" The International Society of Radio and Television Broadcasters "B.C. 'A' We're the ACTION Corps" The Swedish Academy of Comic Art The National Cartoonist Society The National Cartoonist Society King Features Syndicate The Yorkton Short Film and Video Festival – Canada "B.C. A Special Christmas" The Yorkton Short Film and Video Festival – Canada "B.C. A Special Christmas" The National Cartoonist Society The National Cartoonist Society The National Cartoonist Society The Swedish Academy of Comic Art The Press Club of Dallas King Features Syndicate "Less filling" – Monroe Shocks National Cartoonist Society The Comic Salon – Erlangen, Germany The Religious Public Relations Council Inc – Dallas Easter 1995 cartoon Endicott, New York Endicott

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