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47-610: Bill and Dorothy Harmsen founded the Jolly Rancher Company in 1949, choosing the name to give the impression of a friendly Western company, and opened their first Jolly Rancher Ice Cream Store in Golden, Colorado on May 28, 1949. Finding that ice cream was hard to sell in the cold winter months, they added a line of bulk and boxed chocolate that was provided by a small candy firm in the Denver area. Jolly Rancher Company opened

94-766: A "red" bag, which included cherry, watermelon, strawberry and fruit punch. As of 2012, the passion mix, which included the peach flavor, and the wild berry mix were discontinued by The Hershey Company. The Hotties mix was discontinued in 2019. In 2020, the peach flavor was brought back in an "all-peach" bag, and replaced the mountain berry flavor in the Fruity Bash bag. Jolly Ranchers are amorphous solids , meaning their molecular arrangements have no specific pattern. They are hard, brittle, rigid, translucent and have low molecular mobility. Jolly Ranchers are formed from highly concentrated sugar solutions (greater than 95% sugar) and have extremely high viscosity. Their "glassy" appearance

141-406: A corporate attorney, creating TLC Beatrice International, after which the majority of its domestic (U.S.) brands and assets were acquired by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts , with the bulk of its holdings sold off. By 1990, the remaining operations were ultimately acquired by ConAgra Foods . The Beatrice Creamery Company was founded in 1894 by George Everett Haskell and William W. Bosworth, by leasing

188-403: A debt load on Beatrice, which hurt Beatrice's credit rating and therefore deflated the value of Beatrice stock . 1985, Beatrice sold their Beatrice Chemical division to Imperial Chemical Industries . Stahl Finish, Paule Chemical, Polyvinyl Chemical Industries, Converters Ink Company, and Thoro System Products were the business units that formed Beatrice Chemical. Other divisions sold to pay off

235-506: A far-reaching multinational corporation. One commercial also mispronounced the name of the founding city. The campaign was pulled off the air by autumn. At the 87th annual Beatrice shareholders’ meeting on June 5, 1984, stockholders of record were asked to change the name of the company. "Recognizing this clear departure from the past, we are proposing a new name for the company. At our annual meeting in June, stockholders will be asked to change

282-1006: A group of Company executives, together with Drexel Burnham Lambert bought International Playtex, Inc. in a leveraged buyout and named the newly private organization Playtex Holdings . Playtex included such former Esmark brands as Max Factor , Playtex Living Gloves , Playtex Products , Almay , Jhirmack , and Halston/Orlane . The Beatrice Dairy Products subsidiary, which included the brands of Meadow Gold , Hotel Bar Butter , Keller's Butter , Mountain High Yogurt , and Viva Milk Products , to Borden, Inc. in December 1986 for $ 315,000,000. Other divisions sold in 1986 included Americold and Danskin . Brands like Samsonite , Culligan , Stiffel Lamps , del mar window coverings , Louver Drape window coverings , Aristokraft kitchen cabinets, Day-Timer planner, Waterloo Industries tool boxes, Aunt Nellies and Martha White were merged into

329-516: A mixture of L - and D -malic acid is produced synthetically. Malate plays an important role in biochemistry . In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO 2 in the Calvin cycle . In the citric acid cycle , ( S )-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate. It can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions . Malate

376-417: A more diverse array of food and consumer products. It became the owner of brands such as Avis Car Rental , Playtex , Shedd's , Tropicana , John Sexton & Co , Good & Plenty , and many others. Annual sales in 1984 were roughly $ 12 billion. Beatrice's Canadian subsidiary, Beatrice Foods Canada , was founded in 1969 and became legally separate from its parent firm in 1978. In 1968, Sexton Foods

423-580: A new Sexton frozen product line, and pledged that the Sexton leadership would continue to lead and operate the company as a separate entity. On December 20, 1968, Beatrice acquired the business and assets of John Sexton & Co., exchanging about 375,000 shares of Beatrice's preferred convertible preference stock valued at $ 37,500,000. John Sexton & Co. became an independent division of Beatrice Foods, led by Mack Sexton (son of Franklin), William Egan (son of Helen), and William Sexton (son of Sherman). Mack became

470-403: A new entity called E-II Holdings , which was later purchased by American Brands for 1.14 billion. E-II was created in June, 1987, as an umbrella company for several non-food and specialty food businesses of Beatrice. Meshulam Riklis bought E-II from American Brands in 1988; American Brands bought back Aristokraft, Day-Timer, Waterloo, Twentieth Century and Vogel Peterson. Tropicana Products

517-550: A number of franchise stores in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska and provided both chocolate candies and a five cent hot cinnamon taffy stick that proved to be very popular. It was this candy's popularity that caused Jolly Rancher Company to expand its hard candy line. Jolly Rancher filed for a trademark for Jolly Rancher as a word mark on March 31, 1958, and received registration number 0695762 for that trademark on April 5, 1960. The first use in commerce for that Jolly Rancher word mark

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564-433: A solution of corn syrup , sucrose , glucose , or fructose syrup that is boiled to a temperature of 160 °C (320 °F) and cooled to create a supersaturated mixture that is roughly 2.5 percent water. As the mixture is cooled, natural and artificial flavoring and artificial colors are added to individual batches of syrup solution which are later mixed with malic acid to improve shelf life and add further flavor. Once

611-529: A tart taste to wine ; the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness . The taste of malic acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb , a plant for which it is the primary flavor. It is also the compound responsible for the tart flavor of sumac spice. It is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips. The process of malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to much milder lactic acid . Malic acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and

658-521: A vice president of Beatrice and a Beatrice board member. John Sexton & Co. put Beatrice Foods into the wholesale grocery business and Beatrice put John Sexton & Co. into the frozen foods business. Beatrice's and the Sexton's leadership were interested in maximizing the investment in John Sexton & Co. by growing the company. Wallace Rasmussen was the chairman and CEO of Beatrice Foods from 1976 until 1980, retiring after 47 years with

705-432: Is a metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle . The word 'malic' is derived from Latin mālum , meaning 'apple'. The related Latin word mālus , meaning 'apple tree', is used as the name of the genus Malus , which includes all apples and crabapples; and is the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae , Malinae , and Maleae . L -Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas

752-502: Is a result of the way they are processed. During processing, the sugar syrup is cooled so rapidly that no crystals have time to form. Jolly Ranchers hold their solid shape when kept in temperatures less than the glass transition temperature (T g ). If the temperature is greater than the T g , the hard and glassy-like structure of the Jolly Rancher becomes a soft and rubbery material. Jolly Ranchers are manufactured by creating

799-416: Is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves. Malate, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell. The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential , allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of

846-430: Is an organic compound with the molecular formula HO 2 CCH(OH)CH 2 CO 2 H . It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive . Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms ( L - and D -enantiomers), though only the L -isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates . The malate anion

893-462: Is generated in fruit metabolism. Malic acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296. It is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets. These sweets are sometimes labeled with a warning stating that excessive consumption can cause irritation of the mouth. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand (where it

940-451: Is listed by its INS number 296). Malic acid contains 10 kJ (2.39 kilocalories) of energy per gram. Racemic malic acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride . In 2000, American production capacity was 5,000 tons per year. The enantiomers may be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture. S -Malic acid is obtained by fermentation of fumaric acid . Self-condensation of malic acid in

987-449: Is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots , blackberries , blueberries , cherries , grapes , mirabelles , peaches , pears , plums , and quince , and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus. It contributes to the sourness of unripe apples. Sour apples contain high proportions of the acid. It is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/L. It confers

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1034-651: The Great Plains . In 1913 the company moved to Chicago , the center of the American food processing industry. By the 1930s, it was a major dairy company, producing some 30 million US gallons (110,000,000 L) of milk and 10 million US gallons (38,000,000 L) of ice cream annually. In 1939, Beatrice Creamery Company purchased Blue Valley Creamery Company , the other Chicago-based dairy centralizer. This acquisition added at least 11 creameries from New York to South Dakota. Beatrice's 'Meadow Gold' brand

1081-439: The (−)-chlorosuccinic acid. The cycle is completed when silver oxide takes this compound back to (−)-malic acid. L -malic acid is used to resolve α-phenylethylamine , a versatile resolving agent in its own right. Soil supplementation with molasses increases microbial synthesis of malic acid. This is thought to occur naturally as part of soil microbe suppression of disease , so soil amendment with molasses can be used as

1128-470: The Olympics, advertisements for its products continued to end with the catchphrase "We're Beatrice" and an instrumental version of the "You've known us all along" portion of the jingle, as the red and white "Beatrice" logo would simultaneously appear in the bottom right hand corner. The campaign was found to alienate consumers, as it called attention to the fact that many of their favorite brands were part of

1175-568: The buyout of its founders and remained in business as one of Canada's largest food processing concerns. In 1997 Beatrice Foods Canada was acquired by Parmalat. At first, Parmalat dropped the Beatrice name from the company's products, but reinstated it in late 2005, while the Italian parent company was being investigated. Lactalis later acquired Parmalat and Beatrice Foods Canada is now a part of Lactalis Canada. Malic acid Malic acid

1222-471: The company. During his tenure, Beatrice added several high-value acquisitions to its portfolio, most notably Tropicana Products, Inc . During both the 1984 Winter and Summer Olympics , the corporation flooded the TV airwaves with advertisements advising the public that many familiar brands were part of Beatrice Foods. These ads used the tagline (with a jingle) "We're Beatrice. You've known us all along." After

1269-456: The debt from the Esmark purchase included Brillion Iron Works , World Dryer , STP , and Buckingham Wine (distributors of Cutty Sark whisky). In 1986, Beatrice became the target of leveraged buyout specialists Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) and they ultimately purchased the firm for $ 8.7 billion. At the time this was the largest leveraged buyout in history — and over the next four years it

1316-540: The factory of a bankrupt firm of the same name located in Beatrice, Nebraska . At the time, they purchased butter, milk, and eggs from local farmers and graded them for resale. They promptly began separating the butter themselves at their plant, making their own butter on site and packaging and distributing it under their own label. They devised special protective packages and distributed them to grocery stores and restaurants in their own wagons and through jobbers. To overcome

1363-670: The first company to reach a billion dollars in sales, with a black man at its head. TLC Beatrice sold the Canadian operations; Beatrice Foods Canada, Ltd., in 1990 to Onyx, which later sold it to Parmalat in 1997. In 1987, KKR had formed a new entity, with similar intent as E-II Holdings, called Beatrice Company , which was specifically created to include Beatrice Cheese , Beatrice-Hunt/Wesson , and Swift-Eckrich . In 1990, KKR sold Beatrice Company to Conagra Brands . Most of Beatrice's brand names still exist, but under various other owners, as trademarks and product lines were sold separately to

1410-503: The highest bidder. Through the 1980s, Beatrice was a co-defendant alongside W.R. Grace and Company in a lawsuit alleging that the Riley Tannery, a division of Beatrice Foods, had dumped toxic waste which contaminated an underground aquifer that supplied drinking water to East Woburn, Massachusetts . The case became the subject of the popular book and film A Civil Action . Federal judge Walter Jay Skinner ruled that Beatrice

1457-413: The late 1980s, but was revived in 2007. The Beatrice of today goes by its 1984 name of Beatrice Companies, which was approved by the 1984 stockholder meeting. Beatrice Foods Canada is a Toronto, Ontario -based dairy unit of Parmalat Canada . The Canadian unit of Beatrice Foods was founded in 1969, and was separated from Beatrice Foods in 1978. Consequently, Beatrice's Canadian unit was not affected by

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1504-604: The mixture begins to cool, it is then extruded into long malleable strings that are cut to size and individually wrapped and packaged. Beatrice Foods Beatrice Foods Company was a major American food conglomerate founded in 1894. One of the best-known food processing companies in the U.S., Beatrice owned many well-known brands such as Tropicana , Krispy Kreme , Jolly Rancher , Orville Redenbacher's , Swiss Miss , Peter Pan , Avis , Milk Duds , Samsonite , Playtex , La Choy and Dannon . In 1987, its international food operations were sold to Reginald Lewis ,

1551-459: The name to Beatrice Companies, Inc. from Beatrice Foods Co. This change is appropriate given the company's evolution and present composition. It reflects Beatrice's wide range of separate and distinct businesses, many with operations totally unrelated to food processing, yet retains the company's goodwill and reputation for quality products and services." Annual Report, February 29, 1984. In June 1984, Beatrice acquired Esmark . The Esmark acquisition

1598-509: The presence of fuming sulfuric acid gives the pyrone coumalic acid : Carbon monoxide and water are liberated during this reaction. Malic acid was important in the discovery of the Walden inversion and the Walden cycle , in which (−)-malic acid first is converted into (+)-chlorosuccinic acid by action of phosphorus pentachloride . Wet silver oxide then converts the chlorine compound to (+)-malic acid, which then reacts with PCl 5 to

1645-620: The proceeds of their sales of cream. The program worked so well, the company sold more than 50,000 separators in Nebraska from 1895 to 1905. On March 1, 1905, the company was incorporated as the Beatrice Creamery Company of Iowa, with capital of $ 3,000,000. By the early 20th century, they were shipping dairy products across the United States , and by 1910 they operated nine creameries and three ice cream plants across

1692-409: The shortage of cream, the partners established skimming stations to which farmers delivered their milk to have the cream, used to make butter, separated from the milk. This led to the introduction of their unique credit program of providing farmers with cream separators so they could separate the milk on the farm and retain the skim milk for animal food. This enabled farmers to pay for the separators from

1739-485: The stomata. Malic acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785. Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique , which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum —as is its genus name Malus . In German it is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure ) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e) . Malic acid

1786-926: The transaction, Hershey agreed to sell most of its European candy operations to Huhtamäki Oy , Leaf's parent company. In 2002, Hershey closed the Arvada, Colorado plant and moved the manufacturing of the candy to Mexico to save costs. In 2014, Hershey acquired Ontario based company The Allan Candy Co. and moved the manufacturing of the candy exclusively to the Granby plant, in Quebec , Canada . Jolly Rancher's original flavors were watermelon, apple, and fire stix. They soon introduced cherry, orange tangerine, lemon, grape, peach, and sour apple. Eventually, blue raspberry replaced lemon. Current flavors include cherry, blue raspberry, grape, green apple, and watermelon. There are also sour, cinnamon, and smoothie varieties. In 2013, lemon

1833-415: Was a household name in much of America by the beginning of World War II . In 1946, it changed its name to Beatrice Foods Co. Their sales doubled between 1945 and 1955, as the post-war baby boom created greater demand for milk products. From the late 1950s until the early 1970s, the company expanded into Canada and purchased a number of other food firms, leveraging its distribution network to profit from

1880-500: Was approached by Beatrice with an offer to purchase John Sexton & Co. Beatrice was attracted to Sexton Quality Foods' distribution network, quality, variety of private-label products, specialized food offerings, sales force and profitability. Mack Sexton's initial response was no, but Beatrice Foods was very interested. Eventually both parties reached an agreement. Beatrice Foods increased the purchase price, pledged capital to expand Sexton Quality Foods' distribution network and introduce

1927-499: Was expected to accelerate the attainment of Beatrice's marketing goals. The company also sought a higher public profile, adding their name to the end of their brands' television commercials, and sponsoring the Newman-Haas IndyCar and Haas Lola Formula One racing teams. Many analysts believe the Esmark acquisition, which was pushed by then Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President James L. Dutt, put too much of

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1974-673: Was not responsible for the contamination, although according to the book and film, based on new evidence brought forward by the EPA later found, Judge Skinner reversed his verdict and found both companies responsible. In the 1980s, the firm operated in South Africa during apartheid . As it was a private company, the campaign of divestment could not lower its stock price and thus had no impact on its business activities. The original Beatrice Companies (Beatrice Foods Co. before 1984, and Beatrice Creamery Company before 1946 ) went dormant in

2021-551: Was noted in the filing as being June 1, 1960. In 1966, Jolly Rancher Company was sold to Beatrice Foods , although Bill Harmsen continued to operate the business. In 1983, Leaf, Inc. acquired a number of candy brands from Beatrice, Jolly Rancher included. In October 1996, The Hershey Company agreed to purchase the North American confectionery brands of Leaf, Inc. which included Jolly Rancher, Whoppers , Milk Duds , Good & Plenty , PayDay and Heath bar . As part of

2068-455: Was part of the company's strategy to focus Beatrice's assets in food and consumer products businesses. In addition to the Swift & Co. and Hunt-Wesson food brands, companies owned by Esmark included Avis Rent a Car , Playtex , Jensen Electronics , and STP . Because of Esmark's national brands, direct sales force, distribution network and research and development capabilities, its acquisition

2115-492: Was reintroduced in an all-lemon bag. In 2015, Jolly Rancher offered a "Fruity Bash" variety bag which includes strawberry, mountain berry, lemon, orange, and pineapple. In 2017, Jolly Rancher offered a "Hotties" variety bag which includes watermelon & cayenne pepper, blue raspberry & sriracha, cherry & habanero, and green apple & ginger. In 2020, Jolly Rancher offered a tropical variety bag featuring fruit punch, golden pineapple, lime, and mango flavors. They also offer

2162-528: Was sold off, division by division. Beatrice's Coca-Cola bottling operations (acquired by Beatrice in 1981) were acquired by The Coca-Cola Company for $ 1 billion in 1986. They were shortly spun off as Coca-Cola Enterprises Beatrice Bottled Water Division (acquired with the Coca-Cola operations) with brands such as Arrowhead Drinking Water , Ozarka Drinking Water , and Great Bear Drinking Water were also sold to Perrier in 1987. In December 1986,

2209-483: Was sold to Seagram for $ 1.2 billion in 1988. All of the international operations were folded into a new entity called Beatrice International Holdings in 1987, which was later purchased that year through junk bond financing for $ 985 million by Reginald Lewis , a corporate attorney, creating TLC Beatrice International . TLC Beatrice International became the largest business in America owned by an African American and

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