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49-485: Josephine was born in Dearborn, Michigan , on July 7, 1923. She was the only daughter and the third of child of Edsel Ford and his wife Eleanor Lowthian ( née Clay) Ford. Her siblings included Henry Ford II , who also served as chairman and CEO of Ford Motors , and William Clay Ford Sr. Her father was the only child of Henry Ford , founder of Ford Motors. In 1943, she married Walter Buhl Ford II (1920–1991), not

98-624: A 2023 census. Before European encounter, the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by successive First Nations peoples . Historical tribes belonged mostly to the Algonquian -language family, especially the Council of Three Fires , the Potawatomi and related peoples. In contrast, the Huron (Wyandot) were Iroquoian speaking. French colonists had a trading post at Fort Detroit and

147-637: A Negro to live in his suburb." Hubbard told the Montgomery Advertiser in the mid-1950s, "Negroes can't get in here. Every time we hear of a Negro moving in, we respond quicker than you do to a fire." The area between Dearborn and Fordson was undeveloped, and remains so in part. Once farm land, much of this property was bought by Henry Ford for his estate, Fair Lane , and for the Ford Motor Company World Headquarters. Later developments in this corridor were

196-636: A charter school in the 2007–08 school year. A small portion of the city limits is within the Westwood Community School District . The sections of Dearborn within the district are zoned for industrial and commercial uses. The Islamic Center of America operates the Muslim American Youth Academy (MAYA), an Islamic elementary and middle school. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit operates Sacred Heart Elementary School. It previously operated

245-404: A household in the city was $ 44,560, and the median income for a family was $ 53,060. Males had a median income of $ 45,114 versus $ 33,872 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,488. About 12.2% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 and over. As of the 2012 estimate, Dearborn's population

294-520: A large number of supporters of Islamic extremism in the area. Mayor Abdullah Hammoud said the article was inflammatory and was responsible for increased online hate speech against the city's citizens, so he increased police patrols. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 24.5 square miles (63 km ), of which 24.4 square miles (63 km ) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km ) (0.37%)

343-592: A plan for the library and campaigned for it. Around April 1963 the Ford Motor Company granted the City of Dearborn $ 3 million to build a library as a memorial to Henry Ford . The company deeded 15.3 acres (6.2 ha) of vacant land for the public library to the city on July 30, 1963, the centennial or 100th anniversary of Henry Ford's birth. The Ford Foundation later granted the library an additional $ 500,000 for supplies and equipment. On November 25, 1969,

392-565: A relative, whose family were prominent in the chemical business in the downriver suburbs of Detroit. He was a descendant of the other prominent families of Detroit including the banking Fords, the Buhl family and Brush family . Walter Ford was himself involved in interior and industrial design and was the chairman and chief executive of Ford & Earl Design Associates. They lived in Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan , and together were

441-701: A settlement developed there in the colonial period. Another developed on the south side of the Detroit River in what is now southwestern Ontario, near a Huron mission village. French and French-Canadian colonists also established farms at Dearborn in this period. France ceded all of its territory east of the Mississippi River in North America to Great Britain in 1763 after losing to Britain in the Seven Years' War . Beginning in 1786, after

490-462: A small portion of Dearborn Heights residents, attend Dearborn Public Schools . The system operates 34 schools including the major high schools Fordson High School , Dearborn High School , and Edsel Ford High School . The public schools serve more than 18,000 students in the fourth-largest district in the state. Divine Child High School and Elementary School are private schools in Dearborn;

539-793: A time, the city owned the Dearborn Towers apartment complex in Clearwater, Florida , but this has been sold. Camp Dearborn is considered part of the city of Dearborn. Revenues generated by camp admissions are incorporated into the city's budget. As of the 2010 census, the population of Dearborn was 98,153. The racial and ethnic composition was 89.1% White , 4.0% black or African-American, 0.2% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Non-Hispanic of some other race, 4.0% reporting two or more races and 3.4% Hispanic or Latino. 41.7% were of Arab ancestry (categorized as "White" in Census collection data). In

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588-637: Is a city in Wayne County, Michigan , United States. It is an inner-ring suburb in Metro Detroit , bordering Detroit to the south and west, and roughly 7 miles (11.3 km) west of downtown Detroit . In the 2020 census , it had a population of 109,976, ranking as the seventh-most populous city in Michigan . Dearborn is best known as the hometown of the Ford Motor Company and of its founder, Henry Ford . The first written settlement of Dearborn

637-608: Is an 8.4 acres (3.4 hectares) island about three miles (5 km) upriver on the River Rouge from its confluence with the Detroit River . It is the only major island in a tributary to the Detroit River. It was created in 1922 when engineers dug a secondary trench to reroute the River Rouge to increase navigability for shipping purposes, and businesses needed it to be navigable by the large lake freighters . The island

686-606: Is from the 18th century by French Canadian voyageurs who initially called the settlement La Belle Fontaine or Place aux Fontaines because of the abundant springs in the city. Therefore, Dearborn was once named Springwells, an anglicization of the French name. The settlement was connected to the Detroit River ribbon farm communities and other farms connected to the Rouge River and the Sauk Trail . The community grew in

735-595: Is one rail stop in Dearborn: the John D. Dingell Transit Center . Amtrak operates on the Michigan Department of Transportation Michigan Line. This track runs from Dearborn to Kalamazoo, Michigan. CSX Transportation 's Detroit Subdivision, Canadian National Railway / Grand Trunk Western Railroad 's Dearborn Subdivision, and Conrail Shared Assets ' Junction Yard Running Track also pass through Dearborn. Most of

784-493: Is privately owned, has no public access, and is part of the city of Dearborn which has no frontage along the Detroit River. Dearborn is among a small number of municipalities that own property in other cities. It owns the 626-acre (2.53 km ) Camp Dearborn in Milford, Michigan , which is located 35 miles (56 km) from Dearborn. Dearborn was among an even smaller number of cities that hold property in another state. For

833-531: Is water. The city developed on both sides of the Rouge River . An artificial waterfall/low head dam was constructed by Henry Ford on his estate to power its powerhouse. The Upper, Middle, and Lower Branches of the river come together in Dearborn. The river is widened and channeled near the Rouge Plant to allow lake freighter access. Fordson Island ( 42°17′38″N 83°08′52″W  /  42.29389°N 83.14778°W  / 42.29389; -83.14778 )

882-433: The 2000 census , 61.9% spoke only English at home, 29.3% spoke Arabic , 1.9% Spanish , and 1.5% Polish . There were 36,770 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who

931-785: The College for Creative Studies (a $ 20,000,000 donation in 1997) and the Detroit Institute of Arts among other institutions. Dody donated Van Gogh's Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin , which was valued at $ 40,000,000, to the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1996. She also donated large amounts of money for cancer research leading to the formation of the Josephine Ford Cancer Center . Dearborn, Michigan Dearborn

980-828: The Ford airport (later converted to the Dearborn Proving Grounds ), and other Ford administrative and development facilities. More recent additions are The Henry Ford (a reconstructed historic village and museum), the Henry Ford Centennial Library , the super-regional shopping mall Fairlane Town Center , and the Ford Performing Arts Center. The open land is planted with sunflowers and often with Ford's favorite crop of soybeans . The crops are never harvested. The Arab American National Museum (AANM) opened in 2005,

1029-647: The Henry Ford Centennial Library , which is the main library; and the Bryant and Esper branches. Dearborn's first public library opened in 1924 at the building now known as the Bryant Branch. This served as the main library until the Ford library opened in 1969. In 1970 what became known as the Mason building was classified as a branch library. The library was renamed in 1977 after Katharine Wright Bryant, who developed

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1078-560: The Society of Manufacturing Engineers . According to the city's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: University of Michigan–Dearborn and Henry Ford College are located in Dearborn on Evergreen Road and are adjacent to each other. Concordia University Dearborn Center and Central Michigan University offer classes in Dearborn. Career training schools include Kaplan Career Institute and Sanford Brown College . Dearborn residents, along with

1127-677: The world headquarters of the Ford Motor Company here. The city has a campus of the University of Michigan , and Henry Ford College . The Henry Ford is the largest indoor-outdoor historic museum complex in the United States, and Metro Detroit 's leading tourist attraction. Dearborn residents are Americans primarily of European or Middle Eastern ancestry, many descendants of 19th and 20th-century immigrants. The census identifies primary European ethnicities as German , Polish , Irish , and Italian . New waves of immigration came from

1176-617: The 19th century with the establishment of the Detroit Arsenal on the Chicago Road linking Detroit and Chicago . During the 20th century, it developed as a major manufacturing hub for the automotive industry. Henry Ford was born on a farm that was once at the intersection of Ford Road and Greenfield Road. Ford later built his estate, Fair Lane , and his River Rouge Complex , the largest factory of his empire, in Dearborn. He developed mass production of automobiles, and based

1225-486: The Islamic Center of America, where he spoke about Islam and free speech. The mosque officials had locked it down to prevent damage. The city used thirty police cars to block traffic from the area in an effort to prevent a counter protest. The world headquarters of Ford Motor Company is in Dearborn. Its Dearborn campus contains many research, testing, finance, and some production facilities. Ford Land controls

1274-472: The Middle East in the late 20th century, Muslims and Christians from Lebanon , Palestine , Syria , Iraq , and Yemen . Dearborn has the proportionally largest Muslim population in the United States and the largest mosque in North America. In 2023, Dearborn became the first Arab majority city in the United States with 55% of its residents claiming to be of Middle Eastern or North African ancestry on

1323-840: The Northeast Branch, which opened in a storefront in 1944. In October 1961, it was named after city councilman Anthony M. Esper. During the years 1934 to 1943, during and after the Great Depression , murals were commissioned for federal public buildings in the United States through the Section of Painting and Sculpture , later called the Section of Fine Arts , of the Treasury Department . They often featured representation of local history. In 1938 artist Rainey Bennett painted an oil-on-canvas mural for

1372-605: The St. Alphonsus School in Dearborn. In 2003 the archdiocese closed the high school of St. Alphonsus; and in 2005 closed the St. Alphonsus elementary school. Global Educational Excellence operates multiple charter schools in Dearborn: Riverside Academy Early Childhood Center, Riverside Academy East Campus (K-5), and Riverside Academy West Campus (6–12). Dearborn Christian School closed in 2014. Dearborn Public Library includes

1421-630: The United States gained independence in the American Revolutionary War , more European Americans entered this region, settling in Detroit and the Dearborn area. With population growth, Dearborn Township was formed in 1833 and the village of Dearbornville in 1836, each named after Henry Dearborn , a general in the American Revolution who became Secretary of War under President Thomas Jefferson . The Town of Dearborn

1470-501: The annual Arab Festival on June 18, 2011, but his route was blocked by protesters, six of whom were arrested. Police said they did not have enough officers present to maintain safety. Christian missionaries accompanied Jones with their own protest signs. On November 11, 2011, Wayne County Circuit Court Judge Robert Ziolkowski vacated the "breach of peace" ruling against Jones and Sapp on the grounds that they were denied due process. On April 7, 2012, Jones led another protest in front of

1519-490: The area from the rural South during the Great Migration of the early twentieth century. The city's population includes 40,000 Arab Americans . Per the 2000 census, Arab Americans totaled 29,181 or 29.85% of Dearborn's population; many are descendants of families who have been in the city since the early 20th century. The city has the largest proportion of Arab Americans in the United States. As of 2006 Dearborn has

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1568-485: The bond. They were held briefly in jail, while claiming violation of First Amendment rights. That night Jones was released by the court. The ACLU had filed an amicus brief in support of Jones's protest plans. One week later, on April 29, Jones led a rally at the Dearborn City Hall, in a designated free speech zone. Riot police were called out to control counter protesters. Jones also planned to speak at

1617-530: The city of Dearborn and I consider that totally irresponsible". Preacher Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida , known for burning a Quran , the sacred book of Islam, planned a protest in 2011 outside the Islamic Center of America . Local authorities required him either to post a $ 45,000 "peace bond" to cover Dearborn's cost if Jones incited violence , or to go to trial. Jones contested that requirement, and he and his co-pastor Wayne Sapp refused to post

1666-407: The city. In the early 20th century, both white and black people migrated to Detroit for industrial jobs. Over time, some city residents relocated in the suburbs. Many of Dearborn's residents "took pride in the saying, 'The sun never set on a Negro in Dearborn'". According to Orville Hubbard , the segregationist mayor of Dearborn from 1942 to 1978, "as far as he was concerned, it was against the law for

1715-741: The federal post offices in Dearborn titled, Ten Eyck's Tavern on Chicago Road . Sports facilities include the Dearborn Ice Skating Center and the Dearborn Civic Center. Amtrak , the national passenger rail system, provides service to Dearborn, operating its Wolverine three times daily in each direction between Chicago, Illinois and Pontiac , via Detroit . Baggage cannot be checked at this location; however, up to two suitcases, in addition to any "personal items" such as briefcases, purses, laptop bags, and infant equipment, are allowed on board as carry-ons. There

1764-543: The first museum in the world devoted to Arab American history and culture. Arab Americans in Dearborn include descendants of Lebanese Christians who immigrated in the early twentieth century to work in the auto industry, and more recent Arab immigrants and their descendants from other, primarily Muslim nations. On February 2, 2024, the Wall Street Journal published an opinion piece titled "Welcome to Dearborn, America's Jihad Capital", claiming that there were

1813-605: The high school is the largest private coed high school in the area. Henry Ford Academy is a charter high school inside Greenfield Village and the Henry Ford Museum. Another charter secondary school is Advanced Technology Academy. Dearborn Schools operated the Clara B. Ford High School inside Vista Maria, a non-profit residential treatment agency for girls in Dearborn Heights. Clara B. Ford High School became

1862-532: The largest Lebanese American population in the United States. The first Arab immigrants came in the early-to-mid-20th century to work in the automotive industry and were chiefly Lebanese Christians ( Maronites ). Other immigrants from the Middle East, such as Assyrians , have also immigrated to the area. Since then, Arab immigrants from Yemen , Iraq and the Palestinian territories , most of whom are Muslim , have joined them. Lebanese Americans comprise

1911-542: The largest group of ethnic Arabs. The Arab Muslim community has built the Islamic Center of America , the largest mosque in North America, and the Dearborn Mosque . More Iraqi refugees have come, fleeing the continued war in their country since 2003. Warren Avenue has become the commercial center of the Arab-American community. The Arab American National Museum is located in Dearborn. The museum

1960-533: The lawsuit and issued a formal apology to the individuals. Sharron Angle , a Republican senatorial candidate in Nevada, said in an October 2010 political speech that the Arab Americans in Dearborn contributed to a "militant terrorist situation," and that the city government was enforcing Islamic sharia law. Mayor Jack O'Reilly strongly criticized Angle, saying "She took it as face value and maligned

2009-516: The library was dedicated. Originally only the library had offices in the building but in 1979, the library gave up the western side's meeting rooms for the City of Dearborn Health Department. The Esper Branch, the smallest branch, is located in what is known as the Arab residential quarter of the city, dedicated on October 12, 1953. Originally named the Warren Branch, this structure had replaced

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2058-609: The mid-19th into the 20th centuries. Their ancestors generally first settled in Detroit: Irish , German , Italians , and Polish . It is also a center of Maltese American settlement, from the Mediterranean island of Malta. Also attracted to jobs in the auto industry, some were among immigrant Maltese who first settled in Corktown . The city has a small African-American population, many of whose ancestors came to

2107-709: The numerous properties owned by Ford, including sales and leasing to unrelated businesses, such as the Fairlane Town Center shopping mall. DFCU Financial , the largest credit union in Michigan, was created for Ford and related companies' employees. One of the largest employers in Dearborn is Oakwood Healthcare System (now a part of Beaumont Health) H. Other major employers include auto suppliers like Visteon , education facilities such as Henry Ford College, and museums such as The Henry Ford. Other businesses headquartered in Dearborn include Carhartt (clothing), Eppinger (fishing lures), AAA Michigan (insurance), and

2156-597: The parents of two sons and two daughters: Dody and her husband were also art collectors and owned paintings by Vincent van Gogh , Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Pablo Picasso . Walter died in 1991 of pancreatic cancer . Dody died on June 1, 2005, at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. In 2001, Time magazine estimated her net worth at approximately $ 416 million. In 2005, at the time of her death, she owned more than 13 million shares of Ford Motor stocks. Josephine and Walter Ford were major contributors to

2205-402: The peace . Police ordered them to stop filming the incident, to provide identification, and to move at least five blocks from the border of the fair. After reviewing the video evidence, the jury acquitted the defendants. The four defendants filed a separate civil suit against the city. Dearborn was found to have violated their constitutional rights related to freedom of speech. The city settled

2254-434: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.42. In the city, 27.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.3% was from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males. The median income for

2303-565: Was incorporated in 1893. Through much of the 19th century, the area was largely rural and dependent on agriculture. Stimulated by industrial development in Detroit and within its own limits, in 1927 Dearborn was established as a city. Its current borders result from a 1928 consolidation vote that merged Dearborn and neighboring Fordson (previously known as Springwells ), which feared being absorbed into expanding Detroit. According to historian James W. Loewen, in his book Sundown Towns (2005), Dearborn discouraged African Americans from settling in

2352-749: Was opened in January 2005 to celebrate the Arab American community's history, culture and contributions to the United States . In the 2019 U.S. Census estimates, the largest ethnic group were Lebanese Americans, and the second largest were Yemeni Americans . In 2010, Nabeel Qureshi , David Wood , and two other people acting as Christian missionaries, were arrested at the Dearborn International Arab Festival. They had been handing out Christian literature aimed at Muslim believers. The four were prosecuted for breach of

2401-434: Was thought to have fallen to 96,474, a decrease of 1.7% since 2010. Over the same period, though, SEMCOG, the local statistics agency of Metro Detroit Council of Governments, has estimated the city to have grown to 99,001, or an increase of 1.2% since 2000. SEMCOG's July 2014 estimate listed Dearborn with a population of 102,566. Dearborn has a large community of descendants of ethnic Europeans who arrived as immigrants from

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