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29-516: The two pairs of Apostles on gilded background now at the Alte Pinakothek in Munich – Sts. Joseph and Joachim (96 × 54 cm), and Sts. Simon and Lazarus (97 × 55 cm)– have been commonly associated with the polyptych . They are supposedly the panels on the inside of the wings. The altarpiece was probably commissioned by Frederick III, Elector of Saxony , for

58-521: A chapel in his castle at Wittenberg , perhaps in occasion of the end of the plague in 1503. The reconstruction of the work is disputed. Some art historians identify the central panel with the Uffizi Adoration of the Magi , while according to others there was instead a group of sculptures. It is named after one of its owners, Everhard Jabach , in whose family chapel it was still hanging in

87-595: A dowry of his wife. Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (1742–1799) had a strong preference for Netherlandish paintings as well, among other paintings he acquired Rembrandt 's The Holy Family . By the late 18th century a large number of the paintings were displayed in Schleissheim Palace , and accessible to the public. After the reunion of Bavaria and the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1777,

116-563: A further element of mockery against Job, or, instead, an attempt to console him through music. Alte Pinakothek The Alte Pinakothek ( German: [ˈʔaltə pinakoˈteːk] , Old Pinakothek ) is an art museum located in the Kunstareal area in Munich , Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses a significant collection of Old Master paintings. The name Alte (Old) Pinakothek refers to

145-600: A new building for the gallery for the Wittelsbach collection in 1826. The Alte Pinakothek was the largest museum in the world and structurally and conceptually well advanced through the convenient accommodation of skylights for the cabinets. Even the Neo-Renaissance exterior of the Pinakothek clearly stands out from the castle-like museum type common in the early 19th century. It is closely associated with

174-566: A tradition that dates back to the exhibition of the old masters of the late 16th century in many of the major art galleries of Europe (Florence, London, Madrid, St. Petersburg, Paris, Vienna). The Wittelsbach collection was begun by Duke Wilhelm IV (1508–1550) who ordered important contemporary painters to create several history paintings, including The Battle of Alexander at Issus of Albrecht Altdorfer . Elector Maximilian I (1597–1651) commissioned in 1616 four hunt paintings from Peter Paul Rubens and acquired many other paintings, especially

203-462: Is covered by blisters, an appropriate element for a painting likely originated as an ex-voto for the end of plague. His wife, dressed in Renaissance garments, is pouring dirty water above him, while a small devil flees in the far background. The right panel shows two standing musicians. The right one, with the drum, is perhaps a self-portrait. Their meaning has not been explained: they could be

232-665: Is not written in the East German Saxon, but in Bavarian Upper German. William was a significant collector and commissioner of art. Among other works he commissioned an important suite of paintings from various artists, including the Battle of Issus by Albrecht Altdorfer . This, like most of William's collection, is now housed in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. With his order to expand the Neuveste with

261-733: The Madonna of the Carnation of Leonardo da Vinci and The Disrobing of Christ of El Greco . The predilection of the Wittelsbach rulers for some painters made the collection quite strong in those areas but neglected others. Since the 1960s the Pinakothek has filled some of these gaps: for example, a deficit of 18th-century paintings was addressed by the integration into the collection of works loaned from two Bavarian banks. Among these paintings were Nicolas Lancret 's The Bird Cage and François Boucher 's Madame Pompadour . In April 1988,

290-666: The European Union . In 1523 with the appointment of Ludwig Senfl began the rise of the Bavarian State Orchestra . Of particular importance is the Eckbibel Johann Eck wrote on behalf of William, a biblical translation from 1537, which is theologically directly against Luther and therefore belongs to the Catholic correction bibles . It is also significant in terms of linguistics because it

319-715: The Prussians captured the Château de Saint-Cloud in 1814 as part of the War of the Sixth Coalition , they supposedly found the painting hanging in Napoleon's bathroom. Most of the paintings have not been returned. With the secularisation many paintings from churches and former monasteries entered into state hands. King Ludwig I of Bavaria collected especially Early German and Early Dutch paintings but also masterpieces of

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348-769: The Spanish Netherlands . So he bought for example in 1698 in Antwerp from Gisbert van Colen 12 pictures of Peter Paul Rubens and 13 of Van Dyck , with the pictures of Rubens from the personal estate of the artist which were therefore not intended for sale. Under Max Emanuel's successors, the purchases were largely discontinued due to the tight budget. Also Max Emanuel's cousin Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (1690–1716) collected Netherlandish paintings. He ordered from Peter Paul Rubens The Big Last Judgment and received Raphael 's Canigiani Holy Family as

377-480: The 13th to 18th centuries. Especially its collection of Early Italian, Old German, Old Dutch and Flemish paintings is one of the most important in the world. More than 800 of these paintings are exhibited at the Old Pinakothek. Due to limited space in the building, some associated galleries throughout Bavaria such as the baroque galleries in Schleissheim Palace and Neuburg Palace additionally have works by

406-729: The Habsburgs since his brother Louis X claimed the Bohemian crown. Both dukes also suppressed the peasant uprising in South Germany in an alliance with the archbishop of Salzburg in 1525. The conflict with Habsburg ended in 1534 when both dukes reached an agreement with Ferdinand I in Linz . William then supported Charles V in his war against the Schmalkaldic League in 1546, but however did not succeed in preserving

435-620: The Italian renaissance. In 1827 he acquired the collection Boisserée with 216 Old German and Old Dutch masters; in 1828, the king managed to also purchase the collection of the Prince Wallerstein , with 219 Upper German and Upper Swabian paintings. In 1838 Johann Georg von Dillis issued the first catalogue. After the times of King Ludwig I the acquisitions almost ended. Only from 1875 the directors Franz von Reber and Hugo von Tschudi secured important new acquisitions, such as

464-471: The Old Masters on display. From 2014 through 2017, wings of the museum were sequentially closed for renovation, and the artworks in closed sections were unavailable for viewing. William IV, Duke of Bavaria William IV ( German : Wilhelm IV ; 13 November 1493 – 7 March 1550) was Duke of Bavaria from 1508 to 1550, until 1545 together with his younger brother Louis X, Duke of Bavaria . He

493-564: The Palatine electoral dignity . William's chancellor for 35 years was the forceful Leonhard von Eck . On 23 April 1516, before a committee consisting of gentry and knights in Ingolstadt , William issued his famous purity regulation for the brewing of Bavarian Beer, stating that only barley, hops, and water could be used. This regulation remained in force until it was abolished as a binding obligation in 1986 by Paneuropean regulations of

522-716: The districts of Landshut and Straubing , in general in concord with his brother. William initially sympathized with the Reformation but changed his mind as it grew more popular in Bavaria. In 1522 William issued the first Bavarian religion mandate, banning the promulgation of Martin Luther 's works. After an agreement with Pope Clement VII in 1524 William became a political leader of the German Counter-Reformation , although he remained in opposition to

551-755: The function and structure of the building as a museum. Very modern in its day, the building became exemplary for museum buildings in Germany and in Europe after its inauguration in 1836, and thus became a model for new galleries like the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg , and galleries in Rome , Brussels and Kassel . The museum building was severely damaged by bombing in World War II but

580-589: The galleries of Mannheim , Düsseldorf and Zweibrücken were moved to Munich, in part to protect the collections during the wars which followed the French revolution. Even though 72 paintings including The Battle of Alexander at Issus were taken to Paris in 1800 by the invading armies of Napoleon I (1769–1821), who was a noted admirer of Alexander the Great. The Louvre held it until 1804, when Napoleon declared himself Emperor of France and took it for his own use. When

609-581: The grounds that it had been unlawfully acquired as a result of Nazi persecution. An investigation by the museum established that it had been lawfully purchased at the time for a fair price and that the Hagen family's interest extended only to a security on the painting. The museum is under the supervision of the Bavarian State Painting Collections which also owns an expanded collection of several thousand European paintings from

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638-419: The late 18th century, before being split up and scattered to different locations. The left panel depicts the prophet Job seated on a dungheap, with a desperate expression on his face, after Satan has defied him to keep his allegiance to God even in the most tremendous afflictions. These include his flock getting scattered in the other panel, while his properties are on fire at the left edge. Further, his skin

667-466: The serial vandal Hans-Joachim Bohlmann splashed acid on three paintings by Albrecht Dürer, namely Lamentation for Christ , Paumgartner Altar and Mater Dolarosa inflicting damage estimated at 35 million euros. In 1990 Dierick Bouts ' Ecce agnus dei was acquired. On 5 August 2014, the museum rejected a request by a descendant of the banker Carl Hagen for the repatriation of Jacob Ochtervelt 's Das Zitronenscheibchen ( The Lemon Slice ) on

696-466: The so-called Rundstubenbau and to set up the first Court Garden began the history of the Munich Residenz as a representative palace. To the history cycle of the garden pavilion belonged Albrecht Altdorfer's painting. In 1546, he and his son Albert V ordered the construction of Dachau Palace from a Gothic ruin into a Renaissance style four-winged palace with a court garden which later became

725-464: The time period covered by the collection—from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. The Neue Pinakothek , re-built in 1981, covers nineteenth-century art, and Pinakothek der Moderne , opened in 2002, exhibits modern art. All three galleries are part of the Bavarian State Painting Collections , an organization of the Free state of Bavaria. King Ludwig I of Bavaria ordered Leo von Klenze to erect

754-468: The upper floor of the Alte Pinakothek with a woven and dyed silk from Lyon. The new color scheme of green and red draws on the design of the rooms dating back to the time of construction of the Alte Pinakothek, and was predominant until the 20th century. Already for King Ludwig I and his architect Leo von Klenze, the use of a wall covering alternately in red and green represented the continuation of

783-523: The work of Albrecht Dürer . He even obtained The Four Apostles in the year 1627 due to pressure on the Nuremberg city fathers. A few years later however 21 paintings were confiscated and moved to Sweden during the occupation of Munich in the Thirty Years war . Maximilian's grandson Maximilian II Emanuel (1679–1726) purchased a large number of Dutch and Flemish paintings when he was Governor of

812-527: Was born in Munich to Albert IV and Kunigunde of Austria , a daughter of Emperor Frederick III . Though William's father, Albert IV , had determined the everlasting succession of the firstborn prince in 1506, his younger brother Louis refused a spiritual career with the argument that he was born before the edict became valid. With support of his mother and the States-General, Louis forced William to accept him as co-regent in 1516. Louis then ruled

841-408: Was reconstructed and reopened to the public on 7 June 1957, with President Theodor Heuss attending. Director Ernst Buckner oversaw the rebuilding project, ensuring that the building remained true to its original architecture. The ornate, pre-war interior, including the large loggia facing the south façade in the upper floor, was not restored. A new wall covering was created in 2008 for the rooms on

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