Jabkenice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 500 inhabitants.
55-528: The name was probably derived from the Czech words jablko ('apple') and jabloň ('apple tree'). Jabkenice is located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Mladá Boleslav and 41 km (25 mi) northeast of Prague . It lies in a flat landscape in the Jizera Table . The brook Jabkenický potok flows through the municipality and supplies a system of fishponds. The first written mention of Jabkenice
110-642: A Renaissance church and a printing house. In 1518, the first map of Bohemia was printed by Mikuláš Klaudyán in Mladá Boleslav. After death of Adam Krajíř of Krajek in 1588, Mladá Boleslav became property of the Hasištejnský branch of the Lobkowicz family . They invited a large Lutheran community from Germany to the city and thus began the Germanization of the city. In 1595, Mladá Boleslav became
165-513: A basis for consolidating the ruler's power within the Bohemian kingdom. The agreements weren't as successful as John intended. The aristocracy did not intend to surrender its property and the influence it gained after Wenceslas II died. The growing tensions within the aristocracy and the lack of communication due to John's consistent absence in Bohemia led to a competition between two factions of
220-518: A free city. In 1600, Mladá Boleslav was promoted to a royal city by Emperor Rudolf II . At the beginning of the 17th century, Mladá Boleslav has about 3,100 inhabitants. During the Thirty Years' War in the first half of the 17th century, the city was twice burned, in 1631 by the imperialists, and in 1640 by the Swedish army . After the war, the city's population declined by 40% and the castle
275-603: Is a three-time national champion. The main landmark of the city is the Mladá Boleslav Castle. It was built in the first half of the 14th century. In the 16th century, it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style. The castle was a ruin after the Thirty Years' War, but at the beginning of the 18th century, it was rebuilt into barracks . During World War II, it was an internment centre of Jews. Today it houses
330-632: Is from 1352. From 1924 to 1950, it was called Jablkynice . There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality. The main landmark of Jabkenice is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. It is a Gothic cemetery church from the 13th century. Next to the church is a separate wooden bell tower. Jabkenice Lodge next to a large game park was built for the Thurn und Taxis family as
385-651: Is located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Prague . The eastern part of the municipal territory lies in the Jičín Uplands and the western part lies in the Jizera Table . The highest point is located on the slopes of the Chlum hill at 301 m (988 ft) above sea level. The city is situated on the left bank of the Jizera River, at its confluence with the Klenice River. The historic city centre
440-643: Is probably much older. A school of Moravian Church was established in the monastery in the 15th–17th centuries. After the Battle of White Mountain , the monastery complex was acquired by the Catholic Church, which rebuilt it in the Baroque style. In 1784–1785, the Piarists established a gymnasium and college here. The church was completely devastated in the 20th century and was only repaired in 2007. Today it
495-445: Is situated on a promontory above the confluence. In the second half of the 10th century, a gord was founded by Duke Boleslaus II on a promontory , in the area of today's historic centre. The first trustworthy written mention of the gord is from 1130, when it was also called "New Boleslav" for the first time. Probably in the 11th century, a settlement was founded below the promontory in an area called Podolec, on an important site on
550-582: Is the loudest. The Lord will be with us. Nothing to fear. Just take good care of my son.") John was succeeded as King of Bohemia by his eldest son, Charles . In Luxembourg , he was succeeded by Wenceslaus , his son by his second wife. The body of John the Blind was moved to Kloster Altmünster ("Old-Minster Abbey") in Luxembourg. When the abbey was destroyed in 1543, the corpse was moved to Kloster Neumünster ("New-Minster Abbey") in Luxembourg. During
605-494: Is used for social and cultural purposes. Mladá Boleslav is twinned with: John of Bohemia John the Blind or John of Luxembourg ( Luxembourgish : Jang de Blannen ; German: Johann der Blinde ; Czech : Jan Lucemburský ; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland . He is well known for having died while fighting in
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#1732772572275660-455: Is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone . Mladá Boleslav is made up of the city parts and villages of Mladá Boleslav I (locally called Staré Město, i.e. "Old Town"), Mladá Boleslav II (locally called Nové Město, i.e. "New Town"), Mladá Boleslav III (locally called Podolec), Mladá Boleslav IV (locally called Pták), Bezděčín, Čejetice, Čejetičky, Chrást, Debř, Jemníky, Michalovice, Podchlumí and Podlázky. Mladá Boleslav
715-536: The Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. In his home country of Luxembourg , he is considered a national hero . Comparatively, in the Czech Republic (anciently the Kingdom of Bohemia ), Jan Lucemburský is often recognized for his role as the father of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor , one of the more significant Kings of Bohemia and one of the leading Holy Roman Emperors. John
770-458: The Battle of Crécy in 1346 John controlled Phillip's advanced guard along with managing the large contingents of Charles II of Alençon and Louis I, Count of Flanders . John was killed at age 50 while fighting against the English during the battle. The medieval chronicler Jean Froissart left the following account of John's last actions: ...for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood
825-546: The Czech First League since 2004. They were runners-up in 2005–06, have been Czech Cup winners twice (2011 and 2016) and have qualified for the European cups for multiple times. The ice hockey team BK Mladá Boleslav has been playing in the top-tier Czech Extraliga without interruption since 2014. The city's floorball team, Florbal MB , belongs to the most successful Czech teams of the modern era. The team
880-412: The Czech Republic . It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It lies on the left bank of the Jizera River. Mladá Boleslav is the second most populated city in the region. It is a major centre of the Czech automotive industry thanks to the Škoda Auto company and therefore the centre of Czech industry as a whole. The city was named after Duke Boleslaus II , who founded a gord here. The historic city centre
935-476: The European Structural and Investment Funds . It is an area that includes the city and its surroundings, linked to the city by commuting and migration. It has about 107,000 inhabitants. The D10 motorway passes next to the city. Mladá Boleslav lies on the railway lines Mladá Boleslav– Turnov , Kolín – Rumburk and Tanvald – Všetaty . Škoda Auto University is a private university, founded by
990-461: The Rhineland in 1833, offering the remains as a gift. As Frederick William counted John the Blind among his ancestors, he ordered Karl Friedrich Schinkel to construct a funeral chapel. The chapel was built in 1834 and 1835 near Kastel-Staadt on a rock above the town. In 1838, on the anniversary of his death, John the Blind was laid in a black marble sarcophagus in a public ceremony. In 1945,
1045-617: The 15th century, they left the desolated Minorite monastery to the Unity of the Brethren , which settled there and thus began and thus began the period of the town's greatest prosperity. At the beginning of the 16th century, Mladá Boleslav was inherited by the Krajíř of Krajek family. In the 16th century, Mladá Boleslav was a leading centre of the Unity of the Brethren, hosting the Brethren's bishop ,
1100-511: The 1990s, the factory has made it one of the richest and most prosperous Czech cities. The first written mention of the presence of Jewish community in Mladá Boleslav is from 1471. In 1634, Jacob Bassevi von Treuenberg, the first ennobled Jew in the Habsburg monarchy, was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Mladá Boleslav. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Mladá Boleslav (called Bumsla by Jews)
1155-456: The 20th century, mainly due to World War II and politics of the socialist republic. In 1895, the Laurin & Klement company (the predecessor of Škoda Auto ) was founded and the automotive industry became the main pillar of the city's economy. In 1925, Laurin & Klement was acquired by Škoda works. During the 20th century, many car parts manufacturers were established in the city, including
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#17327725722751210-483: The Czech nobility. One party, led by Jindřich of Lipá , gained the trust of John. The other party, led by Vilém Zajíc of Valdek (Latin: Wilhelmus Lepus de Waldek ; German: Wilhelm Hase von Waldeck ), convinced the Queen that Lord Lipá intended to overthrow John. Consequently, in 1315, John had Jindřich imprisoned. By 1318, John had reconciled with the nobility and recognised their rights, further establishing dualism of
1265-518: The Czech state. John also decided to improve relations with the Silesian principalities close to Bohemia and Moravia in economic and political standings. The international spectrum was further broadened for John when his father named him Imperial Vicar , his deputy for the governance of the Empire. This allowed John to reach further, and he contributed to the imperial coronation along with helping with
1320-566: The Estates and a government division between the king and the nobles. Foreign politics, rather than Czech, appealed to John, as he was gifted at it. With the help of his father, Henry, John was able to pressure the Habsburgs into reaching an agreement over Moravia . He was also able to pressure the House of Wettin , princes of Saxony , to give over the territory lying to the northern border of
1375-533: The Fair, King of Germany , culminating in the 1322 Battle of Mühldorf in which, in return, he thus received the Czech region of Egerland as a reward. Like his predecessor Henry, he was disliked by much of the Czech nobility. John was considered an "alien king" and gave up the administration of Bohemia after a while and embarked on a life of travel. He parted ways with his wife and left the Czech country to be ruled by
1430-565: The Great of Poland paid a significant amount of money in exchange for John's giving up his claim to the Polish throne. John's first steps as king were re-establishing authority and securing peace within the country. In 1311, he reached an agreement with the Bohemian and Moravian aristocracy, referred to as the "inaugural diplomas", with which John restricted the relations of both the ruler and aristocracy. The aristocracy was, however, allowed to hold
1485-580: The Imperial crown in opposition to Louis. John lost his eyesight at age 39 or 40 from ophthalmia in 1336, while crusading in Lithuania. A treatment by the famous physician Guy de Chauliac had no positive effects. At the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War in 1337, he allied with King Philip VI of France and was even appointed governor of Languedoc from 30 November 1338 to November 1340. At
1540-538: The Luxembourg government took the chance to obtain possession of the bones. In a cloak and dagger operation, the remains were moved to the crypt of the Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg . The inscription on the tomb reads: " D.O.M. Hoc Sub Altari Servatur Ioannes, Rex Bohemiæ, Comes Luxemburgensis, Henrici vii Imperatoris Filius, Caroli iv Imperatoris Pater Wenceslai, Et Sigismundi Imperatorum Avus, Princeps Animo Maximus, obiit mcccxl 30 au. " John
1595-772: The barons while spending time in Luxembourg and the French court. John's travels took him to Silesia , Poland , Lithuania , Tyrol , Northern Italy and Papal Avignon . A rival of King Władysław I the Elbow-high to the Polish crown, John supported the Teutonic Knights in the Polish–Teutonic War from 1326 to 1332 . He also made several Silesian dukes swear an oath of allegiance to him. In 1335 in Congress of Visegrád , Władysław's successor King Casimir III
1650-511: The battle against the English at Crécy was lost and he better should flee to save his own life, John the Blind replied: " Absit, ut rex Boemie fugeret, sed illuc me ducite, ubi maior strepitus certaminis vigeret, Dominus sit nobiscum, nil timeamus, tantum filium meum diligenter custodite. ("Far be it that the King of Bohemia should run away. Instead, take me to the place where the noise of the battle
1705-488: The company in 2000. The Secondary Industrial School in Mladá Boleslav was founded in 1867 as one of the first vocational schools in the Czech lands . The development of the school was closely connected with the boom of the Škoda Auto factory. Before the World War II and the first decade after it, the school was the only specialized industrial school in the country. The football team FK Mladá Boleslav has played in
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1760-485: The conclusion of the Italian territorial wars. In 1313, Henry died suddenly, ending this collaboration between him and John. However, through Henry's death, a spot for the imperial crown opened up, making John a possible candidate, the other two candidates being Fredrick of Habsburg and Louis of Bavaria . In attempts not to support Fredrick, John voted for Louis at the diet of electors. In return for his support, Louis, as
1815-642: The confusion of the French Revolution , the mortal remains were salvaged by the Boch industrialist family (founders of Villeroy & Boch , ennobled in 1892) and hidden in an attic room in Mettlach on the Saar River . The legend is that the abbey monks asked Pierre-Joseph Boch for this favour. His son Jean-François Boch met with the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia on his voyage through
1870-473: The district archive and the Regional Museum with historical, cultural and social history collections. The Old City Hall in the historic centre is a Renaissance house built in 1554–1559. It is decorated with ornamental and figurative sgraffiti . In the second half of the 19th century and in 1939–1941, the building was reconstructed and other wings were completed. It has two towers, the higher of them
1925-743: The houses on the Old Town Square, and with the help of his advisors, he stabilized affairs in the Czech state. He thereby became one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and – in succession of his brother-in-law Wenceslaus III of Bohemia – claimant to the Polish and Hungarian throne. His attempts to follow his father as King of the Romans failed with the election of Louis IV of Bavaria in 1314. Nevertheless, John later would support Louis IV in his rivalry with Frederick
1980-537: The interiors is also valuable. The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is located next to the Old City Hall and is the main parish church of the city. It has a Gothic core from the mid-15th century. Baroque modifications were made in 1701–1702 and in 1761. The Church of Saint John of Nepomuk is located on the eastern edge of the historic city centre and form the dominant feature of Míru Square. It
2035-569: The market village was moved to the area in front of the castle and was promoted to a town. From that times, the town was called Mladá Boleslav. In the Hussite Wars , Mladá Boleslav adhered to the Taborites . In the mid-15th century, the town has about 2,000 inhabitants. Lords of Michalovice died out in 1468 and Mladá Boleslav was acquired by the Tovačovský of Cimburk family. Before the end of
2090-783: The new emperor, promised the support in territorial claims of the Czech state in Silesia and Meissen as well as the region of Cheb and the Upper Palatinate . Later, in 1319, after the Brandenburg House of Ascania died out, John regained control over the Bautzen region and then the Görlitz region in 1329. In 1322/23, King John became unsettled by Louis's growing power and allied with France and Austria against him. The dispute would escalate with his son Charles claiming
2145-413: The newlyweds made their way to Prague accompanied by a group led by the experienced diplomat and expert on Czech issues, Peter of Aspelt , Archbishop of Mainz. Because the emperor had imperial Czech regiments accompany and protect the couple from Nuremberg to Prague, John was thus forced to invade Bohemia on behalf of his wife Elizabeth. The Czech forces were able to gain control of Prague and depose
2200-404: The order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting.' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword.' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in
2255-399: The press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father
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2310-525: The producer of accumulators for motor vehicles AKUMA (founded in 1903), now part of the FIAMM company. Since its inception, Škoda Auto is the most important and most influential industrial company in the Czech Republic. As of 2017, the company had 32,000 employees worldwide, out of which 23,000 worked in Mladá Boleslav. The Mladá Boleslav agglomeration was defined as a tool for drawing money from
2365-546: The reconstructed premises of the old factory in 1995. An important architectural monument, protected as a national cultural monument , is the building of the Secondary Industrial School. It was designed by Jiří Kroha in the Functionalist and Constructivist styles and built in 1923–1927. It is an exceptionally large building, still serving its original purpose. The sculptural decoration of
2420-461: The reigning king, Henry of Gorizia, King of Bohemia , on 3 December 1310. The deposed King Henry fled with his wife Anne of Bohemia (the sister of John's wife) to his duchy (the Duchy of Carinthia ). The coronation of John and Elizabeth to the Bohemian throne took place on 7 February 1311, making them King and Queen of Bohemia. The castle at Prague was uninhabitable, so John made residence in one of
2475-443: The right to elect the king, to decide the matter of extraordinary taxation, the right to their property, and the right to choose freely whether or not to offer military support to the king in foreign wars. However, the aristocracy was encouraged to raise armies when peace within the country was threatened. On the other hand, the king's right to appoint a foreign official to office was abolished. John structured these agreements to provide
2530-484: The road from Prague to northern Bohemia , Lusatia and Brandenburg . During the 13th century, the settlement in Podolec grew, acquired an urban character and even some privileges of the town. A new stone royal castle was built on top of the promontory next to the gord in the middle of the 13th century and the gord was abandoned. In 1318, Lords of Michalovice acquired Mladá Boleslav from King John of Bohemia . In 1334,
2585-566: The seat of the forestry office. The building became known as the last residence of Bedřich Smetana , who wrote some of his most famous works here. Today, the Bedřich Smetana Memorial with a museum about his life and work is located here. Mlad%C3%A1 Boleslav Mladá Boleslav ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈmladaː ˈbolɛslaf] ; German : Jungbunzlau ) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of
2640-458: Was a water source for newly founded factories. The most significant was the textile industry – its largest representative, the Česana factory, had more than 2,000 employees at the end of the 19th century. Another industry in the Jizera valley included mills, breweries, distillery, soaps and perfumes factory, and production of artificial fertilizers. Most of the factories was gradually shut down during
2695-474: Was an important Jewish centre. The synagogue was demolished in 1962. The population rapidly increased between 1960 and 1980 because of the rapid growth of production in the Škoda Auto factory and the construction of housing estates for its employees. Mladá Boleslav became an industrial centre already in the 19th century. The main factor of its success was its location next to the Jizera River, which
2750-400: Was built in 1779 and is open to the public as a lookout tower. The nearby New City Hall was built in the neo-Romanesque style in 1865–1867 and still serves its original purpose. The Gothic building of Templ Palace comes from 1488–1493. It includes a historic exhibition and also serves cultural purposes. The history and products of Škoda Auto are exhibited in Škoda Museum . It was opened in
2805-534: Was in ruins. The castle remained unrestored for several decades and the city lost its former importance. Other disasters were the Silesian Wars and a large fire in 1761. A new stage of development and prosperity began only in 1784. In the 19th century, new prosperity came: the city became an important regional centre as new schools, theatres, museums and factories (including the automobile factory Laurin & Klement , today Škoda Auto ) were founded. Since
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#17327725722752860-579: Was named after its founder, Duke Boleslaus II , who was called "the Young One", to distinguish him from his father. Because there was already a town known as Boleslav near Prague, this new town was called "Město Boleslava Mladého" ("the town of Boleslav the Young"), later abbreviated to Mladá Boleslav ("young Boleslav"), to distinguish it from the older town of Boleslav, which in the 15th century became known as Stará Boleslav ("old Boleslav"). Mladá Boleslav
2915-412: Was originally a Gothic church from the 14th century, built outside the city gates. It was rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1727. The Church of Saint Gall is located on a former cemetery, currently converted into a park. It is a Baroque church with a Gothic-Renaissance core. The tower dates from 1735. The former Church of Saint Bonaventure served as a Benedictine monastery in the mid-14th century, but it
2970-465: Was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other. According to the Cronica ecclesiae Pragensis Benesii Krabice de Weitmile , when told by his aides that
3025-586: Was the eldest son of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and Margaret of Brabant , who was the daughter of John I, Duke of Brabant and Margaret of Flanders . Born in Luxembourg and raised in Paris , John was French by education but deeply involved in the politics of Germany . In 1310, his father arranged the marriage of 14-year-old John to Elizabeth of Bohemia . The wedding took place in Speyer, after which
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