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13-689: Speyer ( German: [ˈʃpaɪɐ] , older spelling Speier ; Palatine German : Schbaija ; French : Spire ), historically known in English as Spires , is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in the western part of the Federal Republic of Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine , Speyer lies 25 km (16 miles) south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim , and 21 km (13 miles) south-west of Heidelberg . Founded by

26-614: A group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former northeastern French region of Lorraine (See Linguistic boundary of Moselle ). The term Lorraine Franconian has multiple denotations. Some scholars use it to refer to the entire group of West Central German dialects spoken in the French Lorraine region. Others use it more narrowly to refer to the Moselle Franconian dialect spoken in

39-544: Is descended primarily from the Palatine German that was spoken by Palatines who emigrated to North America from the 17th to the 19th centuries and maintained their native language. Danube Swabians in Croatia and Serbia also use many elements of Palatine German. To the northwest, Palatine German is separated from Moselle Franconian by the das / dat -isogloss (Palatine German uses das or similar forms) and

52-489: Is first recorded in the 7th century, taken from villa Spira , a Frankish settlement situated outside of Civitas Nemetum . Speyer lies on the Schifferstadt-Wörth railway and offers hourly connections to Mannheim and Karlsruhe . Speyer Airfield (German: Flugplatz Speyer) ( ICAO : EDRY) is a general aviation airfield located 4 km south of the central business district of the city of Speyer. Since 1923

65-689: The ShUM-cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during the Medieval / Middle Ages , Speyer and its Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ) World Heritage List in 2021. The first known names were Noviomagus and Civitas Nemetum , after the Teutonic tribe, Nemetes , settled in the area. The name Spira

78-527: The ancient Romans as an fortified town on the northeast frontiers of their Roman Empire , it is one of Germany's oldest cities. Speyer Cathedral , a number of other churches, and the Altpörtel ("old gate") dominate the Speyer landscape. In the cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings . The city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer . One of

91-732: The absence of Rhenish pitch accent . To the southeast, it borders on South Franconian , separated by the Appel / Apfel -line (Palatine German: Appel ). Within the greater Rhine Franconian dialect area, the traditional defining isoglosses are the northern fescht / fest -line that separates Palatine German ( fescht ) from the Hessian dialects ( fest ), and the southern Haus / Hus -line that separates Palatine German ( Haus ) from Lorraine Franconian ( Hus ). Like other Rhine Franconian dialects, Palatine German has e -apocope (i.e. loss of earlier final -e ), n -apocope (i.e. loss of earlier final n in

104-532: The ambiguity of the term, estimates of the number of Lorraine Franconian speakers in France vary widely, ranging from 30,000 to 400,000 (which would make it the third most-spoken regional language in France, after Occitan and Alsatian ). The most reliable data comes from the Enquête famille carried out by INSEE (360,000 in the 1962 census) as part of the 1999 census, but it gives a somewhat indirect picture of

117-511: The following: Ich hann's'm schunn verzehlt, awwer er had mer's net geglaabt. In Standard German, the sentence would read: Ich habe es ihm schon erzählt, aber er hat es mir nicht geglaubt. In English, it means: I have already told [it to] him, but he didn't believe me. Hasche aa Hunger? ( Westpfälzisch ) Haschd ach Hunga? ( Vorderpfälzisch ) Hast du auch Hunger? (Standard German) Are you hungry too? (English) Grammatically, all Palatine dialects do not use

130-444: The genitive case, which is replaced by the dative, with or without von , and most dialects have no imperfect tense but only the perfect . Lorraine Franconian Lorraine Franconian ( native name : Plàtt or lottrìnger Plàtt ; French : francique lorrain or platt lorrain ; German : Lothringisch ) is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German ( German : Westmitteldeutsch ),

143-778: The mayor was a Lord Mayor. Speyer is twinned with: Palatine German language The English term Palatine refers to the Palatinate region ( German : Pfalz ). Almost all traditional dialects of the Palatinate belong to the Palatine dialect group, but the Palatine speech area also extends to the west and east into neighboring regions ( Saarland , Kurpfalz , southern Hesse ). The main dialect divisions within Palatine German are Westpfälzisch (also called Hinterpfälzisch ) and Vorderpfälzisch (also called Ostpfälzisch ). The Pennsylvania Dutch language

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156-609: The suffix -en ) and /oː/ for earlier long a , e.g. Strooß / Strooße 'street'/'streets' (cf. Standard German Straße / Straßen ). The major division of Palatine German into Westpfälzisch and Vorderpfälzisch is based on a bundle of distinguishing features, such as: Here are some words in Palatine German with their Standard German equivalents: This sentence is pronounced in Vorderpfälzisch : Isch habb's'm [habb es em] schunn vazehlt, awwa 'r [er] hat ma 's [es] nit geglaabt. In Westpfälzisch , it would be

169-605: The valley of the river Nied (in Pays de Nied, whose largest town is Boulay-Moselle ), to distinguish it from the other two Franconian dialects spoken in Lorraine, Luxembourgish to the west and Rhine Franconian to the east. The German term Lothringisch refers to Rhine Franconian spoken in Lorraine. In 1806 there were 218,662 speakers of Lorraine Franconian in Moselle and 41,795 speakers in Meurthe . In part due to

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