The Jacksonville Breeze were a team in the Legends Football League based in Jacksonville, Florida . They played their home games at Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena .
109-688: The team originated as the Tampa Breeze in 2009, the inaugural year for the Lingerie Football League . They played their home games at Tampa Bay Times Forum in downtown Tampa, Florida . After three seasons, they relocated to Jacksonville in September 2012. However, the league postponed the 2012–13 season to spring 2013 and rebranded to the Legends Football League. Most of the team's players were recruited from
218-594: A LFL World Bowl in São Paulo in 2015. By July 2014, the league planned a three leagues: LFL Americas, LFL Europa, and LFL Oceania. On June 10, 2015, the LFL announced that there would be no international play through at least 2017 with sole focus on growing the league in the US, the exception being international exhibition games to introduce prospective countries to the league. The LFL announced new uniforms with new colors for
327-583: A 2020 season and would re-evaluate markets in the future. Four days later, the LFL was restructured into the Extreme Football League, which was announced to begin play in April 2020. The league size remained at eight teams, which initially were all in the same markets as the former LFL teams, but under new team identities. The Nashville Knights were the only team listed in the X League announcement to not change names, but they were replaced by
436-509: A 2023 season and later updated their website with plans to announce a 2024 schedule in October 2023. This was later updated again to indicate a 2025 schedule, to be announced October 15, 2024. The schedule would be pushed back and finally released on November 21, 2024 which revealed the league's intentions to return in 2026. Playing style is full-contact and similar to other indoor football leagues. There are seven players from each team on
545-511: A 28–6 victory over Philadelphia Passion. The Temptation's Ashley Salerno and Amber Reed were co-MVP's, with Salerno throwing three touchdown passes and Reed scoring two rushing touchdowns. In 2012, the LFL expanded its annual "All-Fantasy" game into a three-game international series, with one game in Mexico and two games in Australia. The Mexico All-Fantasy Game took place on May 5, 2012, at
654-698: A 31–24 victory in the third and final "All-Fantasy" match in Sydney , Australia, on June 9, 2012, at Allphones Arena . Queensland native and wide receiver for the Los Angeles Temptation Chloe Butler served as the ambassador of LFL Football coming to Australia and captained the Western Conference squad. The LFL then helped found the Ladies Gridiron League in Australia to serve as a minor league for
763-485: A Guardian Cap during games, though its use is not mandatory. The outer shell of helmets have changed appreciably throughout the history of the NFL. In the 1920s, football helmets had soft leather exteriors, whereas today they have polycarbonate exteriors. The first molded polycarbonate helmet appeared in the NFL in 1986. Today's helmets typically have polycarbonate shells on the order of 3.35mm. The hard outer shell protects
872-455: A Navy doctor that another kick to his head would result in "instant insanity" or even death, so he commissioned an Annapolis shoemaker to make him a helmet out of leather. Later, helmets were made of padded leather and resembled aviators' helmets or modern day scrum caps . At least in professional football, they were optional. Some National Football League players, notably Hall-of-Famer Bill Hewitt , played all or most of their careers without
981-487: A chinstrap. Each position has a different type of face mask to balance protection and visibility, and some players add polycarbonate visors to their helmets, which are used to protect their eyes from glare and impacts. Helmets are a requirement at all levels of organized football, except for non-tackle variations such as flag football. Although they are protective, players can and do still suffer head injuries such as concussions . Football helmets have changed dramatically with
1090-423: A conflict of interest, testing data that focuses on skull fractures instead of concussions, and failure to take into account new research. The most common NOCSAE test is the drop test (developed 1973). This test uses a 13-pound dummy head full of sensors and a gelatin material. The head and helmet is dropped at specified velocities at one of the six NOCSAE specified locations on the helmet. These locations include
1199-531: A face mask; the last player to do so was Scott Player , who last played professionally in 2009. Typically, by the mid-1980s only placekickers and punters in professional football in Canada and the United States wore the one-bar face mask, a notable exception being quarterback Joe Theismann . The one-bar had two different variations. The standard one-bar was made from nylon or other hard plastic and
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#17327869041901308-416: A false sense of security and made more dangerous tackles. University of New Hampshire participate in a study in which some players practiced twice a week without helmets. By the end of the season, those that were practicing twice a week without a helmet hit their heads 30% less. This research suggests that modernizing the best practices of the game might have more benefits than improving the materials within
1417-466: A helmet. One innovation from the early 1900s period was hardened leather. In 1917, the first helmets were raised above the head in an attempt to direct blows away from the top of the head. Ear flaps also had their downfall during this period as they had little ventilation and made it difficult for players to hear. The 1920s marked the first time that helmets were widely used in the sport of football. These helmets were made of leather and had some padding on
1526-411: A material deforms reversibly in proportion to its young's modulus , or stiffness. In the plateau region the foam begins to collapse, and this is also a type of recoverable deformation. When the material reaches its densification region it begins to change its internal structure permanently and cannot return to its original shape. Because football helmets are used repeatedly, they needed to be designed, so
1635-530: A new design of helmet called the Revolution in response to a study of concussions. In addition, Riddell has recently come out with a new design of helmets, the Riddell Speed Flex. This helmet came out in 2014. This new helmet uses elements of Riddell's older helmets, the 360 and the Revolution, such as Side Impact Protection and All Points Quick Release face mask attachment system. Demand for
1744-425: A player receives, such as the force and direction of the impact. If the force recorded by the sensors is over 100 Gs, it signals a possible concussion. Some players will experience up to 2,000 of these potential concussion blows each season. This data is then analyzed by doctors. Recently some companies have released helmets with sensors that send alerts when a player might have experienced a serious impact. The goal
1853-480: A player with the Jacksonville Breeze, stated she would rather wear a conventional uniform: "I mean, I don't like it. You'd rather wear full clothing. I have a bunch of scrapes on me." The league was accused in its earlier years of fining players for wearing too many clothes, as well as not paying medical bills for injured players. However, the league responded by claiming that fines were given because
1962-638: A powder coating that is resistant to impact and corrosion. The Polyarmor is a thermoplastic coating used on a number of surfaces. While some organizations purchase new face masks every season, others have their equipment reconditioned. Rules in place for NFL, NCAA, and high school football require that all helmets be certified by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment . Reliance on NOCSAE certification has been criticized on numerous grounds, including that organization's control by equipment manufacturers causes
2071-690: A professor at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a MacArthur Fellow , has researched concussions in football of all age groups. He has been equipping UNC football helmets with accelerometers to measure impacts and concussions. Also, the NFL has awarded over $ 1.6 million in sports medical research, almost $ 1 million of which has been toward concussion prevention. All this concussion prevention research has led football helmet manufacturers to develop safer products. A joint effort between Virginia Tech and Wake Forest has been testing current football helmets and giving them yearly ratings since 2011. On
2180-545: A safer helmet prompted Schutt Sports to announce the arrival of a next generation helmet, the ION 4D, which included an integrated face guard. This new face guard design features shock-absorbing "Energy Wedges" that reduce the force of impacts to the face guard. College teams wearing the helmet include Air Force , Penn State and Virginia . Schutt has also distinguished between their varsity helmets and youth helmets. The varsity helmets from Schutt are made with polycarbonate, which
2289-426: A scale out of 5 stars, only one helmet was awarded a 5 in 2011. In 2012, two additional helmet designs were awarded 5 stars. Some researchers have found the counterintuitive result that wearing helmets actually increases the chance of injury, and thus they recommend players occasionally practice without helmets. When hard shells were first introduced, the number of head injuries actually increased because players had
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#17327869041902398-476: A tackle. It was found that the helmets could withstand 2,500 Newtons or about 562 pounds of force. Design parameters for football helmets have traditionally been based on linear-acceleration models. This mode of impact is more straightforward to study and matches design metrics, such as cadaver skull fracture. Ongoing research is focused on understanding rotational forces on football helmets and how to design for more realistic, non-centrosymmetric forces. In 1948,
2507-407: A team can attempt a one-point conversion from the one-yard line, or a two-point conversion from the three-yard line. Since 2015, teams are given the option to punt if within their own 10 yard line; the ball is placed on the 15 or wherever it went out of bounds if the punt is not returned. A game consists of four ten-minute quarters and a 12-minute halftime (30-minute halftime in championship). In
2616-546: A unique design challenge because, unlike bicycle helmets , which are thrown out after a single hit, football helmets need to withstand multiple impacts. A recent focus on improving player safety through better helmet designs has started reducing the total number of concussions. One of the first instances of football headgear dates to 1896 when George "Rose" Barclay , a halfback at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania , began to use straps and earpieces to protect his ears. It
2725-403: Is Windpact, which has a new type of foam that they call "foam in an airbag", or "Crash Cloud", which compresses when energy is absorbed and dissipates the energy through impact vents, then rapidly reinflates. Current foams are limited by certain factors that affect the usefulness of the foam, which is the limited amount of space inside of a helmet. Helmets cannot be too big or be too constricting on
2834-479: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a sports team in Florida is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to Jacksonville, Florida is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lingerie Football League The Extreme Football League ( X League ) is a women's semi-professional indoor American football league operating in
2943-544: Is a very strong polymer designed to take bigger hits. The Schutt youth helmets are made from ABS, which is a lighter material, meant for children who do not take such powerful hits. The newest model Schutt has released is the Schutt F7. Schutt came out with the Schutt F7 in 2017 and it was released into the NFL in the same year. The F7 expands on F7 technologies such as TPU (thermoplastic urethane) cushioning and 3-Dimensional Tectonic Plate Technology. Schutt engineers improved
3052-455: Is deformed, or more practically, the velocity of the hit. In general, when the material is strained more quickly it is stiffer, so it deforms less. The degree of protection provided by the helmet depends on the velocity of the hit, and performance is poor for the fastest and slowest hits. Air pockets, while absorbing some energy themselves, also help the helmets perform better in very high and low velocity hits. Air chambers have venting systems so
3161-427: Is not certain who invented the football helmet. Many sources give credit for the creation of the helmet to James Naismith (the inventor of basketball ), while other sources credit U.S. Naval Academy Midshipman Joseph M. Reeves (later to become the "Father of Carrier Aviation"), who had a protective device for his head made out of mole skin to allow him to play in the 1893 Army–Navy game . Reeves had been advised by
3270-538: Is scheduled for return in 2026, in a hybrid format of tackle and flag football . The concept of the league originated from an alternative Super Bowl halftime television special called the Lingerie Bowl , a pay-per-view event broadcast opposite the Super Bowl halftime show. In 2009, league chairman Mitch Mortaza expanded the concept from a single annual exhibition game to a ten-team league, branded as
3379-496: Is to be able to detect concussions as soon as they happen to get players immediate medical care. Controversy has surrounded the use of sensors in the National Football League . While almost everyone agrees the intentions are laudable, there are concerns about the quality of the data and about privacy of personal health records. During the 2013 season, two unnamed NFL teams tested accelerometers , but their use
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3488-430: Is wearing a headset and hearing the plays being called. The one-bar face mask was once common but its use has been supplanted in professional and amateur sport. For example, it has been illegal in the National Football League since 2004 , but a grandfather clause allowed players who wore the mask prior to 2004 to continue to do so for the remainder of their careers. No current professional player currently wears such
3597-655: The Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre and competed in the Western Division of LFL Canada. On February 20, 2012, the LFL announced that the franchise would be named the BC Angels following the results of an online fan vote. The decision for Abbotsford to host a team sparked some controversy, including expressed concern from at least one city councilor, as "Abbotsford is a deeply religious agricultural community." On February 22, 2012,
3706-650: The COVID-19 pandemic . The X League's eight-team 2022 season spanned June to September, concluding with the restructured league's inaugural championship, the X Cup, won by the Chicago Blitz . Since 2021, the league is owned by Mike Ditka , a former National Football League (NFL) player and an inductee of the Pro Football Hall of Fame . Samantha Gordon was also named an owner in May 2022. The league
3815-669: The Calgary Fillies ; their home games would be played at the Stampede Corral . Meanwhile, the Toronto Triumph suspended operations for the 2013 season, bringing the number of LFL Canada teams back to four. On September 16, 2013, the LFL then postponed the entire 2013 LFL Canada season until 2014. However, the BC Angels were expected to participate in the second-annual Pacific Cup, an exhibition game between
3924-614: The Cedar Park Center and the name was announced as the Austin Acoustic . On November 2, it was announced that Dallas , Texas, would rejoin the league in 2016 after being on hiatus since the end of the 2010–2011 season, retaining the Dallas Desire name, at Dr Pepper Arena . The Las Vegas Sin then suspended operations. A team was also added for New England bringing the league's total to eight teams. During
4033-551: The Chicago Blitz defeated the Atlanta Empire in the first X Cup championship game, 19–12. Football helmet A football helmet is a type of protective headgear used mainly in gridiron football , although a structural variation has occasional use in Australian rules football . It consists of a hard plastic shell with thick padding on the inside, a face mask made of one or more plastic-coated metal bars, and
4142-523: The Kansas City Force in January 2020. As part of the league restructuring, it began offering ownership stakes to its players and coaches based on the individuals contributions and commitment to the organization, as well as revenue distribution program for merchandise featuring an individual player's likeness. The league also said it was to use 70-yard fields in a press release, although this
4251-678: The Ladies Gridiron League , originally a subsidiary of the LFL now operating as its own league. In the 2013 offseason, the LFL announced that the Philadelphia Passion and Minnesota Valkyrie had suspended operations for the 2014 LFL US season. It was also announced that the Cleveland Crush were moving to Toledo, Ohio , and play its home games at the Huntington Center . On September 16, 2015, Austin, Texas , received an expansion team for 2016 to play at
4360-511: The Legends Football League , retaining the LFL initials, on January 10, 2013. The league also announced that the athletes would wear "performance apparel" instead of lingerie, but the uniforms look very much the same as before. In addition to the new uniforms, redesigned shoulder pads were introduced to provide more protection for players. Other league changes included eliminating images of sexy women from team logos and changing
4469-425: The Lingerie Football League , or LFL . The league operated on a similar schedule to the National Football League (NFL), playing in fall and winter and played most of its games indoors with similar rules to indoor football . Many of the teams were coached by former NFL players and coaches who were already well known in their respective cities. Many of the LFL players had a background in other competitive athletics at
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4578-536: The Los Angeles Rams were the first NFL team to put logos on their helmets; the basic "ram's horn" logo on the helmet has remained mostly the same, except for color, ever since. Through the 2019 NFL season, the Cleveland Browns are the only remaining NFL teams not using any form of a primary logo on its helmets. The Pittsburgh Steelers are the only NFL team that puts its logo on only one side of
4687-707: The Palacio de los Deportes in Mexico City ; the Western Conference defeated the Eastern Conference, 37–7. The second match of the "2012 LFL All-Fantasy Tour" took place in Brisbane , Australia, on June 2, 2012, at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre ; the Western Conference again emerged victorious, this time by a 45–36 score. The Western Conference took a 3–0 series sweep with
4796-610: The Saskatoon Sirens and the BC Angels at the Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre in Abbotsford, British Columbia . The BC Angels won the inaugural championship game 25–12 with BC Angels' quarterback Mary Anne Hanson and receiver Aleesa Garcia named as the game's MVPs. On December 15, 2012, the first annual Pacific Cup was played between the Seattle Mist of LFL US and the BC Angels of LFL Canada. Dubbed
4905-717: The Seattle Mist beat the Atlanta Steam 38–28 in the Legends Cup, played at the Citizens Business Bank Arena in Ontario, California , to cap off their perfect 6–0 season to go with their second LFL title. The 2019 season was the tenth and final season of the Legends Football League. It began April 5 and concluded on August 10. Following a regular season reduced to two games per team,
5014-550: The Toronto Triumph who began play in LFL United States, LFL Canada's other five markets would consist of Vancouver , Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , and Montreal ; ironically, none of those five markets would actually get an LFL franchise. On February 9, 2012, the LFL announced that Abbotsford, British Columbia , would be the next Canadian city to host a team in the League. The franchise played its home games at
5123-543: The 'Border War', the game was hosted by the Seattle Mist at the ShoWare Center in Kent, Washington , with home venues alternating each season. The league delayed the next LFL US season from fall/winter 2012 to April 2013 in order to shift to a spring/summer schedule and to focus on the 2012 LFL Canada season. On June 27, 2013, the 2013 LFL Canada schedule was released. LFL Canada accepted one proposed expansion team,
5232-462: The 2011 season and converted the league into an amateur organization; players must also pay for their own health insurance. League founder Mortaza admitted at one point the league was marketed toward "mostly beer-drinking college students aged 21 and up." The league received many complaints from players in regards to safety. Since the uniforms covered very little skin, the players are more susceptible to injury. Ex-lingerie football player Nikki Johnson
5341-402: The 2016 season. Numbers and logos were printed on the uniform as opposed to previously being sewn on. In addition, the league also announced that teams would have a choice of camouflage or black alternates. In 2017, the league also added a long pants uniform in lieu of the regular bikini bottom for the final home games. On December 13, 2019, the league announced that it would not be producing
5450-594: The Adelaide Arsenal, with home games to be played at the Coopers Stadium . However, on September 29, the 2014–2015 season was cancelled due to the lack of a broadcast partner with competition planned to resume in 2015–2016 including an expansion into New Zealand. In February 2015, it was revealed that the players and coaches had actually left after disputes and issues with LFL management, namely commissioner Mortaza. Players and coaches left and joined
5559-782: The Angels and LFL US's Seattle Mist scheduled for December 2013. On October 3, it was announced that the Angels would be replaced in the game by the LA Temptation, citing not enough preparation. The Pacific Cup was played at ShoWare Center on December 6, 2013. Several key players from the Angels joined the Mist while a few key players from Las Vegas Sin joined the Temptation. Following the two All-Fantasy games held in Australia in 2012, LFL Australia premiered in December 2013. Prior to
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#17327869041905668-458: The F7 LTD's shell design to boost performance and impact absorption in high-impact sections of the helmet. The helmet now incorporates Anti-Friction faceguard attachment points, as well. Recently, a brand new type of helmet has come into play. Vicis is a new company that is producing helmets that have a softer outer layer. The softer layer absorbs more energy from impacts. In addition, the inside of
5777-576: The LFL announced that Regina, Saskatchewan , would be the next Canadian city to host a team in the League. Home games would be played at the Brandt Centre . On March 6, the LFL announced that the franchise would be named the Regina Rage after an online fan vote. Six days later, on February 28, the LFL announced that Saskatoon , Saskatchewan, would join Regina as LFL Canada's second team in
5886-485: The NFL to move the kickoff line five yards forward to the 35-yard-line, with the intention of increasing the number of touchbacks , a safer play. Two Ohio -based inventors, John Campbell and George Sarles, devised a headset for Cleveland Browns coach Paul Brown so he could radio plays to quarterback George Ratterman. It was banned shortly after its first use in 1956 (after the Browns had played three preseason games with
5995-823: The Orlando Fantasy, was awarded offensive MVP for her 3 touchdown passes and game-winning rushing touchdown, while Liz Gorman, a safety with the Tampa Breeze, was named defensive MVP. The LFL accepted five expansion franchises – the Cleveland Crush , Green Bay Chill , Las Vegas Sin , Minnesota Valkyrie , and Toronto Triumph , while the Dallas Desire , San Diego Seduction , and Miami Caliente suspended operations. The season kicked off on August 26, 2011, and culminated with Lingerie Bowl IX on February 4, 2012. The LFL Eastern and Western Conference championship games were played back-to-back on January 28, 2012, at Citizens Business Bank Arena in Ontario, California . For
6104-439: The United States. The league was originally founded in 2009 as the Lingerie Football League ( LFL ), and later rebranded as the Legends Football League in 2013. On December 13, 2019, the league announced that it would not be holding a 2020 season and that it had instead restructured under its current name, placing new teams mostly in the same locations as the 2019 LFL season. The league also did not operate during 2021, amid
6213-775: The West. Chicago and Seattle won their Conference Championships and advanced to the Legends Cup in a rematch of both the previous championship and a meeting earlier in the season though with the opposite result of those two prior matches. The season ended on August 27, 2016, with the Chicago Bliss defeating the Seattle Mist 31–26 to win their third Legends Cup . The championship game was played at WestWorld in Scottsdale, Arizona . The 2017 season began with new teams at Pittsburgh and Denver replacing New England and Dallas. Three teams (Chicago, Los Angeles, and Seattle) completed
6322-655: The Wheat Province. Home games would be played at the Credit Union Centre . Upon releasing the Saskatoon Sirens ' logo and colors, the league announced that LFL Canada was set at four teams for the 2012 season, with the league playing an eight-game schedule, scheduled to end with Lingerie Bowl I Canada the week before the Grey Cup. The 2012 LFL Canada season began on August 25, 2012, and culminated with Lingerie Bowl Canada I on November 17, 2012, between
6431-530: The announced LFL Australia expansion. For the 2011–12 LFL United States season , the All-Fantasy Game was played in Hamilton, Ontario . This was due in part to the league's announcement that in 2012 there would be a Canadian Lingerie Football League. LFL Canada was originally scheduled for a twelve-week season with teams in six markets. On September 28, 2011, it was announced that, in addition to
6540-477: The beginning of 2014 marked the debut of the new performance wear uniforms. The LFL planned to launch a fourth global league – LFL Europa – in 2015 with teams in Dublin (Ireland), Manchester (England), Düsseldorf and Hamburg (Germany). Barcelona (Spain) and Frankfurt (Germany) had previously been mentioned as potential franchise cities. With four global leagues, the league announced intentions to compete in
6649-687: The college and semiprofessional level, as well as some experience in tackle football from playing in other semiprofessional leagues. The initial uniforms consisted of shoulder pads, elbow pads, knee pads, performance wear, and ice hockey -style helmets with clear plastic visors in lieu of face masks. The original uniforms of the Lingerie Football League consisted of an athletic bra and underwear that were more revealing than protective, as well as added lace, ribbons, and garters as decoration. While these uniforms were routinely criticized by media, players' reactions were typically mixed on
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#17327869041906758-772: The conference championship games held on February 4, 2010, in Miami, and the conference champions played in Lingerie Bowl VII on February 6, 2010. The Western Conference Los Angeles Temptation defeated the Eastern Conference Chicago Bliss by the score of 27–14. For the 2010–2011 season, the LFL added new franchises in Orlando and Baltimore , while the New York Majesty and Denver Dream suspended operations. The 2011 Lingerie Bowl
6867-417: The equipment worn was in direct conflict with the league's sponsored gear. The league also prohibited players from commenting on personnel matters, a rule that prompted the vast majority of the Toronto Triumph , including team captain Krista Ford , to quit in protest in October 2011. Originally a professional league with players receiving a cut of net revenue, Mortaza stopped paying his players beginning in
6976-446: The event of a tie, an extra 8 minute sudden death period is played; whoever scores first wins the game. If still tied, the game ends as a draw, and counts as tie for both teams in the standings. In postseason games, multiple 10-minute sudden death overtime periods are played until one team scores, which wins the game and advances to the next round or wins the championship. Teams get two timeouts per half or overtime period. The league
7085-426: The field during play. The field is 50 yards between end zones , 30 yards wide, and the end zones are 8 yards deep, roughly the same as other indoor leagues. Many fields are just over 28 yards wide, as games are often played in converted National Hockey League -sized rinks (85 feet wide), with the plexiglass removed, dasher boards padded, and ice surfaces covered with artificial turf. There are no kickoffs , except
7194-431: The first to come out with a visor/shield for former Chicago Bears quarterback Jim McMahon (who needed the visor because of a childhood eye injury). While Mullaney and McMahon's visors were tinted, most of the earlier visors were clear or smoked, but they are now offered in a variety of styles ranging from blue, gold, black, rainbow, silver, or amber. High-school and pee-wee leagues prohibit all but clear visors. This rule
7303-403: The football helmet is the visor or eye shield, which is affixed to the face mask to protect players from glare or eye injuries, such as pokes. It is believed that the first player to use a protective visor was Mark Mullaney of the NFL's Minnesota Vikings in 1984, in order to protect a healing eye injury. Top manufacturers of visors are Nike , Oakley , Under Armour and SHOC, with Leader being
7412-409: The force peak under the load recommended for head health (1.5MPa) without deforming, while being relatively lightweight and easy to manufacture. The polyurethane or nitrile foams are all be broadly categorized as viscoelastic foams. When a stress is applied to these types of materials, there are three main regions of deformation: linear elastic, plateau and densification. In the linear elastic region
7521-478: The front, rear, left side, right side, right boss, and left boss. The sensors in the dummy head measure the amount of force that the head experiences. The NOCSAE has certain regulations such as the peak severity index can never more than 1200 SI. If a helmet fails to meet these requirements, they do not pass the NOCSAE drop test. There has been significant study/research regarding head injuries in football and football helmet design in recent years. Kevin Guskiewicz ,
7630-446: The head from local impacts by delocalizing the force, so the load can be absorbed by the other elements. Polycarbonates are ideal materials for outer shells because they are lightweight, tough and exhibit good impact strength, even in extreme temperatures. Polycarbonates refer to a family of thermoset polymers that are wIdely used in manufacturing, for their mechanical performance and ease in manufacturing. The aesthetic design of
7739-437: The helmet (the right side). At first, this was a temporary measure because the Steelers were not sure they would like the look of the logo on an all-gold helmet. They wanted to test them before going all-out. Because of the interest generated by having the logo on only one side of their helmets and also due to the team's new success, the Steelers decided to leave the helmet that way permanently. The Cincinnati Bengals , after using
7848-464: The helmet also has a foam-like substance that absorbs energy and improves comfort. In the summer of 2022, the National Football League had offensive and defensive linemen, linebackers and tight ends wear a Guardian Cap , a protective cover worn on top of head. Players who wore the Caps had more than 50% fewer concussions than players who did not. Starting in the 2024 season players are allowed to wear
7957-421: The helmet. Vijay Gupta, a professor at UCLA, has done research and produced a special polymer that if added as a layer on the inside of football helmets can produce up to a 25% decrease in the g-forces a player would experience. This reduction of forces would produce a similar amount of reduction of the probability of a player suffering a concussion from the same hits. There are also ongoing efforts to improve
8066-553: The helmet. The design takes account of a player's comfort and specific position, as well as the goal of protecting the most sensitive regions of the head and areas where big hits are most common. Because football helmets need to withstand multiple collisions, the helmet materials need to return to their original form after each hit. Padding materials need to be low density to make the helmet comfortable and practical without sacrificing energy absorption. Most football helmets are made from polyurethane or nitrile foams, because they keep
8175-452: The idea to encase football helmets with a number of inflatable pockets in order to cushion the blows a football player receives and reduce concussions. The foams in football helmets break down over time, and this process is often overlooked in safety modeling. Especially for youth teams, helmets are reused over the course of many years, putting players at risk since they are less protected than otherwise anticipated. A more recent addition to
8284-480: The inside, but the padding was insufficient and provided little protection. In addition, they lacked face masks. As a result, injuries were very common. Early helmets also absorbed a lot of heat, making them very uncomfortable to wear. In 1939, the Riddell Company of Chicago, Illinois started manufacturing plastic helmets because it felt that plastic helmets would be safer than those made of leather. Plastic
8393-422: The leading helmet football helmet manufacturers, Riddell, and took one of their helmets to implement Crash Cloud technology inside it. Before adding Crash Cloud, the normal Riddell helmet ranked #18th in protection compared to other helmets. With Crash Cloud it jumped to #3 overall. This is without changing any of the design of the helmet, just by adding to what already exists. Recent research has begun to assess
8502-400: The league outlawed the plastic helmet, considering the hard-plastic material to be an injury risk. The NFL lifted the plastic helmet ban after just one year in 1949, and by 1950, the plastic helmet had become universal in that league. By the 1950s, the introduction of polymers ended the leather helmet era. The last leather helmet manufacturer, MacGregor, ceased production of leather helmets in
8611-464: The league tagline from "True Fantasy Football" to "Women of the Gridiron". Along with the rebrand of the league in 2013, the league also began changing the uniforms as the originals were too heavy on sex appeal, initially dropping the ribbons and garters. The league designed new ones for the 2014 season closer to more traditional activewear , resembling uniforms similar to volleyball players, replacing
8720-440: The mid-1960s. The NFL also recommended face masks for players in 1955, reducing the number of broken noses and teeth, but also necessitating new rules prohibiting opposing players from grabbing the face mask. By varying accounts, either Pat Studstill or Garo Yepremian was the last to forgo the facemask; among non-kickers, Tommy McDonald was the last to do so. In 2002, American football equipment manufacturer Riddell released
8829-504: The modernization of the sport to facilitate technological changes and to improve the safety of the game. Despite lower rates of some injuries, serious traumas to the head are still common, and determining the consequences of these traumas is an active area of research. In addition to the acute concern about traumatic brain injuries , such as concussions, studies have found players increase their risk for long-term problems such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Football helmets present
8938-471: The option for an on-side kick should the game be close near the end, nor field goals ; halves and after scores begin on team's own 15-yard line. Kicking off after every scoring drive was added before the 2013 Pacific Cup, but was removed shortly after the first game of the LFL Australia season. A team must attempt to get a first down on every fourth down, or they risk a turnover. After a touchdown ,
9047-495: The outer shell has become central to teams' uniform and image. The performance of a football helmet is based on its ability to decrease the force to the head from an impact. A helmet reduces the peak force transferred to the head by temporarily storing or dissipating impact energy. The primary energy absorbing elements are the compression shock and shock bonnets, while the secondary elements are comfort pads. The materials used to build these components and their dimensions vary within
9156-556: The outfits were only for marketing purposes. Heather Furr, a quarterback for the Chicago Bliss said "I think with little girls watching the game ... if they can see past the uniform and see us as role models, then that's what I want." Abbie Sullivan of the Cleveland Crush stated, "Just because we play in the LFL does not mean we promote promiscuity. We are smart females. We are athletes who take care of our bodies. We are
9265-446: The padding that is already there. Crash Cloud foams can control the rate of airflow to meet certain application's needs. This could be usefully paired with data that is being collected about the types of hits that certain positions in football experience. Different positions get hit differently and in different areas so adjusting the helmet to meet that position is where research is moving towards now. During testing, Windpact took one of
9374-418: The player, so a balance must be found between performance and safety. Another limitation is that not every hit is equal to another. Foams inside of today's helmets perform best when impacted directly and are not the best at hits coming from different angles or "rotational impacts". Crash Cloud units can either replace the padding in the helmets that are already present or line the inside of the helmet alongside
9483-587: The playing a game, the LFL's deal with the Ladies Gridiron League (LGL) fell through and the LGL no longer served as a minor league to the LFL. The New South Wales Surge, Queensland Brigade, Victoria Maidens, and Western Australia Angels participated in the inaugural 2013–14 LFL Australia season. The LFL Australia Legends Cup was played on February 8, 2014, at nib Stadium in Perth , Western Australia. On March 23, 2014, LFL Australia accepted one proposed expansion team,
9592-542: The pool of local athletes. On January 27, 2015, the LFL stated that the Breeze had suspended operations with plans to relaunch in another Florida market within the next three years. This American football team article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Tampa -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a location in Duval County , Florida
9701-435: The radio). The NFL approved use of headsets for all NFL teams in 1994. NFL rules state that all helmets equipped with headsets must have a visible green dot on the back. A few times in 2006, the holder on the field goal attempt was told to pull up and throw or run at the last second because of a change the coaches saw on the field. According to the NFL, this gave teams an "unfair advantage". The new rules let each team know who
9810-727: The regular season with perfect 4–0 records, a first in LFL history. Chicago and Atlanta advanced to the playoffs from the East while Seattle and Los Angeles advanced in the West. Atlanta upset Chicago in the Eastern Conference Championship, their first victory against the Bliss following seven consecutive defeats. In a war of unbeatens, Seattle bested Los Angeles in the Western Conference Championship. The season ended on September 3, 2017, as
9919-550: The ribbons with shoelaces on the front of the top and bottom. The LFL then began looking into a Latin American league with six franchises throughout Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. On September 16, 2013, the LFL postponed the entire 2013 LFL Canada season until 2014 with plans to merge the US, Canada, and Mexico teams into a single league called LFL North America. The LFL then formed another league in Australia in December 2013 and played one season. LFL Australia's debut season in
10028-414: The season, New England was forced to forfeit its final game as injuries caused the team to have below the minimum number of players needed to field a team. Seattle won a three-way tie with Dallas and Los Angeles for the best record in the Western Conference while Chicago had the best record in the Eastern Conference. Chicago and Atlanta advanced to the playoffs in the East while Seattle and Dallas advanced in
10137-590: The second straight year, the Los Angeles Temptation won the Western Conference championship while the Philadelphia Passion won the Eastern Conference championship, setting up a rematch in the 2012 Lingerie Bowl of the previous year's championship game. The 2012 Lingerie Bowl was played at Orleans Arena in Las Vegas , in the afternoon prior to the start of Super Bowl XLVI . The Los Angeles Temptation won its third consecutive Lingerie Bowl with
10246-559: The selection of energy absorbing materials in football helmets. Some researchers are using computational methods to sort through libraries of known materials. Others are developing entirely new foams or by layering existing foams to create a composite that absorbs energy better. Foams tend to be stiffer at lower temperatures. Researchers are currently looking into ways to minimize the impact of temperature on foam stiffness in order to give players maximal protection in all weather. One company in particular that has been making large strides
10355-402: The strain stays in the elastic or plateau region. The area under the curve in stress strain curve (shown in the figure to the right) represents the energy absorbed. Foams should be strained a precise amount, so they absorb energy without permanent densification. In viscoelastic materials, the elastic region changes its shape depending on the strain rate, meaning the speed at which the material
10464-408: The tests specifically employed to create the safest football equipment. In 2015, David Camarillo at Stanford conducted a study that suggested football helmet tests did not account for the delay between injury-causing brain movement and stress impact. Neuroscientists at Ohio State University launched baseballs from air cannons at football helmets in order to simulate a kick or blow to the head such as
10573-452: The total package." Similarly, Toledo Crush player Marija Condric stated, "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion. Sit down and watch. You'll forget what we are wearing and you will be thinking about how hard that girl got hit on that last play." Other players are quoted as viewing the uniforms as a necessary evil, with one saying, "Maybe one day, girls won't have to wear lingerie to get people interested [in women's football]." Liz Gorman,
10682-476: The typical LFL uniform is comparable to other uniforms, with Elizabeth Govrick of the Minnesota Valkyrie stating she "ran track and I was wearing, you know, stuff if not close to almost smaller than what I'm wearing out on the football field. You take beach volleyball, you take volleyball, you take other sports where it's pretty much the same thing." Adrian Purnell of the Jacksonville Breeze said that
10791-484: The use of the uniforms, comparing the similarities in coverage to track and field uniforms or beach volleyball bikinis . After three seasons, the league announced it was adding a companion league in Canada that began play in August 2012. It then pushed back the US season to 2013 on a spring and summer schedule, mirroring other indoor football leagues. During the hiatus, the league announced it would change its name to
10900-458: The volume and geometry of air chambers is dynamic, helping dampen the viscoelastic effect. The inception for air pockets came from Vin Ferrara, a former Harvard quarterback. One night, Ferrara was looking for an aspirin when he saw a squirt bottle in his medicine cabinet. As he pumped it and then punched it, he realized that the bottle withstood the blows of different forces. Ferrara came up with
11009-422: Was bolted to both side of the helmet just in front of the earholes. There was a "snub" version that did not extend as far out in front of the helmet as the standard. Face masks for football helmets today are multibar, having at minimum two bars. The multibar facemasks are typically constructed out of metal, such as titanium, stainless steel, or most commonly carbon steel. Each facemask is coated with Polyarmor G17,
11118-555: Was enacted so that training staff and coaches can easily view a player's face and eyes in the case of a serious injury, to discern if the player is conscious. The NCAA banned the use of tinted visors for the same reason, and the NFL has followed suit as well. However, players with eye problems may still obtain special permission to wear tinted visors, some notable examples being LaDainian Tomlinson and Chris Canty. The XFL allows players to wear tinted and decorated visors. Helmet shock data loggers and shock detectors monitor impacts
11227-567: Was found to be more effective because it held its shape when full collision contact occurred on a play. These helmets were also much more comfortable and had more padding to cushion the head in an impact. Included with the plastic helmet came plastic face mask, which allowed the helmet to protect the entire head. By the mid-1940s, helmets were required in the NFL . They were still made of leather, but with improved manufacturing techniques had assumed their more familiar spherical shape. The NFL initially allowed either plastic or leather helmets, but in 1948
11336-415: Was held in Las Vegas , Nevada, on February 6, 2011. The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Temptation defeated Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Passion, 26–25. The 2011 All-Fantasy Game was held in Hamilton, Ontario , on July 30, 2011, at Copps Coliseum . Trailing 18–6 in the second half, the Eastern Conference rallied to win, 24–18, over the Western Conference. Anonka Dixon, quarterback for
11445-534: Was met with criticism throughout its existence. Critics say the league degrades female athletes through "pernicious objectification". The uniforms received extensive criticism for their revealing nature. In an ESPN article, Sarah Spain, the co-host of espnW, wrote, "After watching these women play, I can honestly say I respect the heck out of them as athletes, but I'll still never respect the Lingerie Football League, no matter what name they give it." LFL players with experience in track and field competitions noted that
11554-469: Was never implemented. The league implements a new uniform with full pads. The league's first season was postponed to a scheduled start in June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . In May, it had been announced that it was postponed again to April 2021. During the hiatus, the league announced Mike Ditka had been named owner and chairman of the league, with plans on expanding into 24 US markets. The season
11663-449: Was one of the many players who experienced injuries in her time in the league including injuries sustained from hard hits and a broken wrist that required surgery. Ten teams played in the inaugural 2009–2010 LFL season . The league schedule ran from September 4, 2009, to January 29, 2010, with one game each Friday. Teams played one game each against the other four teams in their conference. The top two teams in each conference advanced to
11772-464: Was suspended after the trial. The league hopes to reintroduce the sensors once the questions of privacy and data quality are addressed. Nonetheless, sensors have already been used to improve the safety of the game. Using data that he collected during a pilot study, Kevin Guskiewicz showed that kickoff returns are the most dangerous part of the game. His results were compelling enough to convince
11881-504: Was ultimately cancelled on May 18, 2021, pushing the league's relaunch to the summer of 2022 due to the pandemic. The 2022 season began on June 10 with the Chicago Blitz facing the Kansas City Force . After a nine-week regular season with a total of seven games, four teams advanced to the playoffs, with the Blitz capturing the first X Cup title on September 10 when they defeated the Atlanta Empire . The league did not announce plans for
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