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99-465: Jan is introduced in the pilot episode of the series. As Vice President, her authority leads her to inform Michael of the impending downsizing or closure Scranton's branch faces. She continually reappears both over phone and in person over each season to assert corporate policy on Michael, specifically with health care plans, sexual harassment concerns, and downsizing. Her character is expanded upon, and changes in tone during " The Client ", when Michael and

198-472: A Radisson to a Chili's , per advice—that he sent in—to the magazine Small Businessman . During their meeting, Michael tells Christian and Jan the Lighthouse and naval vessel joke . Dwight reveals to the camera that he was once in a production of Oklahoma! , and played the part of "Mutie The Mailman". He explains that the production had too many kids, so they made up extra roles. Michael's screenplay

297-514: A read-through of the script, in which the character sequence "Dwigt" appears. They realize Michael based his incompetent sidekick on Dwight Schrute , but later changed the name with a search and replace, which did not affect the misspelling of Dwight's name. Dwight is upset and shuts down the exercise to invite everyone to set off fireworks outside, but only Kevin Malone follows. When the staff discuss their worst first dates, Pam astounds them with

396-399: A sperm donor is used. Additionally, an egg donor may be used and so the recipient patient uses artificial insemination to carry a child that she is not genetically related to, and that may or may not be related to her partner (if she has one), depending on how the sperm is acquired. This is typically an option for women who are unable to use their own eggs due to age and/or health concerns and

495-551: A climax, and followed various successful "setup-punchline rhythms". He also applauded the introduction of the Threatlevel: Midnight screenplay, calling it "a subplot so crucial to the mythology of the series, it would form the basis of an entire episode near the end of Steve Carell's time in Scranton." Adams ultimately concluded that the episode is "a top-notch Office installment overall", thanks in large part to

594-461: A couple would seek to use artificial insemination using the male partner's sperm. In the case of such couples, before artificial insemination is turned to as the solution, doctors will require an examination of both the male and female involved in order to remove any and all physical hindrances that are preventing them from naturally achieving a pregnancy including any factors which prevent the couple from having satisfactory sexual intercourse. The couple

693-402: A cycle. The success rate increases with increasing TMSC, but only up to a certain count, when other factors become limiting to success. The summed pregnancy rate of two cycles using a TMSC of 5 million (may be a TSC of ~10 million on graph) in each cycle is substantially higher than one single cycle using a TMSC of 10 million. However, although more cost-efficient, using a lower TMSC also increases

792-576: A gift to the staff. Jan is heard over the phone in " Couples Discount "; Andy Bernard , now the Scranton regional manager, points out that Dwight had offered a discounted price without getting Andy's approval (something that would've been impossible for Dwight to do, as Andy himself was abroad at the time), and attempted to renegotiate Dunder Mifflin's contract with the White Pages. Infuriated, Jan proceeds to terminate her contract with Dunder Mifflin altogether. Andy later admits that he spitefully tanked

891-521: A good couple and she was slumming by ever dating him; an angry Michael shocks her by saying (wrongly as it turned out) that he has herpes , and later expresses disbelief that he thought she could have been "the one". She reappeared on the show in a cameo scene in Michael's self-produced movie " Threat Level Midnight ", playing a covert agent jazz singer named Jasmine Windsong who slips key information to Agent Michael Scarn and gets killed by an assassin. In

990-488: A largely positive review wrote that Michael is "totally taken with himself", but still "has shown us his vulnerabilities". Sciannamea noted that, by showing the audience Michael's humanity, the writers were making "this sitcom so compelling". Sciannamea, however, did point out that this is the second week in a row that "Pam is offended by something Jim has said or done", which in his mind "will get tiresome quickly if it continues". "Miss Alli" of Television Without Pity graded

1089-497: A meaningful answer, e.g. definition of success and calculation of the total population. These rates can be influenced by age, overall reproductive health, and if the patient had an orgasm during the insemination. The literature is conflicting on immobilization after insemination has increasing the chances of pregnancy. Previous data suggests that it is statistically significant for the patient to remain immobile for 15 minutes after insemination, while another review article claims that it

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1188-450: A medical setting, it is important to bring intimacy and family-centeredness into this process, as this promotes connectedness and inclusiveness in what can be seen as a hostile and discriminatory environment. LGBTQ couples or individuals typically have to navigate more complexities and barriers than heterosexual couples when undergoing fertility treatment, such as stigma and carrier decisions, so allowing room for intimacy and connectedness in

1287-463: A moderate male factor, the incapability to ejaculate in vagina and an idiopathic infertility. A short period of ejaculatory abstinence before intrauterine insemination is associated with higher pregnancy rates . For the man, a TMS of more than 5 million per ml is optimal. In practice, donor sperm will satisfy these criteria and since IUI is a more efficient method of artificial insemination than ICI and, because of its generally higher success rate, IUI

1386-449: A more efficient delivery of the sperm. In general terms, IUI is usually regarded as more efficient than ICI or IVI. It is therefore the method of choice for single and lesbian women wishing to conceive using donor sperm since this group of recipients usually require artificial insemination because they do not have a male partner, not because they have medical problems. Owing to the high number of these recipients using donor sperm services, IUI

1485-405: A more rounded end, may be used for this purpose. Any further enclosed air is removed by gently pressing the plunger forward. The woman lies on her back and the syringe is inserted into the vagina. Care is optimal when inserting the syringe, so that the tip is as close to the entrance to the cervix as possible. A vaginal speculum may be used for this purpose and a catheter may be attached to the tip of

1584-514: A natural way as if the sperm had been deposited in the vagina through intercourse. The woman is therefore advised to lie still for about half-an-hour to assist conception. One insemination during a cycle is usually sufficient. Additional inseminations during the same cycle may not improve the chances of a pregnancy. Ordinary sexual lubricants should not be used in the process, but special fertility or 'sperm-friendly' lubricants can be used for increased ease and comfort. When performed at home without

1683-424: A partner, in the presence of her partner, or by her partner. ICI was previously used in many fertility centers as a method of insemination, but its popularity in this context has waned as other, more reliable methods of insemination have become available. During ICI, air is expelled from a needleless syringe which is then filled with semen which has been allowed to liquify. A specially-designed syringe, wider and with

1782-423: A private donor may be used. Semen supplied by a sperm bank prepared for ICI or IUI use is suitable for ICI. ICI is a popular method of insemination amongst single and lesbian women purchasing donor sperm on-line. Although ICI is the simplest method of artificial insemination, a meta-analysis has shown no difference in live birth rates compared with IUI. It may also be performed privately by the woman, or, if she has

1881-409: A re-shoot to explain the "Dwigt" situation clearly and concisely. The kiss between Michael and Jan was rehearsed and filmed "many, many, many times", according to B. J. Novak . While editing the kiss between Michael and Jan, Greg Daniels brought many people into the editing room to see if they thought the kiss was too long or not long enough. Among the scenes deleted from the episode before broadcast

1980-462: A romantic encounter with her, but Michael refuses to accept her change of heart. He and Jim share a moment of confusion at their love interests. This episode was the third episode of the series directed by Greg Daniels . Daniels had previously directed the episodes " Basketball " and " The Dundies ". "The Client" was written by Paul Lieberstein , who acts on the show as human resources director Toby Flenderson . The idea for Jan and Michael to have

2079-437: A romantic relationship was conceived by Steve Carell as far back as the filming of the pilot episode . According to writer and producer Greg Daniels "it was like he (Michael) was turned on by his teacher." Lieberstein said that the first idea that anybody came up for the episode was the final shot, where Jim and Michael look at each other and shake their heads, suggesting that they had been through similar experiences. The rest of

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2178-483: A scented candle business. Her heedless spending combined with his own poor financial sense rapidly drain Michael's resources. She also sues Dunder Mifflin, claiming wrongful dismissal , although Michael is betrayed by Jan, who uses his private diary as evidence that the company mistreats its employees, and also learning that she gave him a scathing performance review while they were dating. In response, Michael torpedoes her lawsuit by refusing to confirm her negative views of

2277-442: A story of how her date forgot about her and left her behind at a minor league hockey game. Their astonishment increases when they realize the date was her now-fiancé, Roy. Jim Halpert and Pam break off their respective evening plans to enjoy an impromptu dinner on the roof and watch Dwight and Kevin fool around with fireworks. The next day Jim half-jokingly remarks to Pam that this was their first date. When Pam replies bluntly that it

2376-482: A study from 2021, lesbian women undergoing IUI had an average clinical pregnancy rate of 13.2% per cycle and 42.2% success rate giving the average number of cycles at 3.6. The rates of successful pregnancy for artificial insemination are 10-15% per menstrual cycle using ICI, and 15–20% per cycle for IUI. In IUI, about 60 to 70% have achieved pregnancy after 6 cycles. However, these pregnancy rates may be very misleading, since many factors have to be included to give

2475-404: A successful meeting with an important client. Reflecting on the kiss, Hardin stated “I thought it was a great first kiss for the two of them. [...] It has the kind of ‘wait that’s so wrong’ and ‘wait a second, I want more of that’ thing that I think Jan struggled with the entire relationship with Michael.” Jan ultimately gets fired at the end of season 3, and begins to have a less prominent role in

2574-511: A third party are used, the procedure may be known as ' assisted insemination '. The first recorded case of artificial insemination was John Hunter in 1790, who helped impregnate a linen draper's wife. The first reported case of artificial insemination by donor occurred in 1884: William H. Pancoast , a professor in Philadelphia, took sperm from his "best looking" student to inseminate an anesthetized woman without her knowledge. The case

2673-436: A tube attached which may be inserted empty into the vagina after which liquefied semen is poured into the tube. These methods are designed to ensure that semen is inseminated as close as possible to the cervix and that it is kept in place there to increase the chances of conception. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves injection of washed sperm directly into the uterus with a catheter . Insemination in this way means that

2772-400: Is a form of conception device , may be inserted into the vagina following insemination and may be left in place for several hours. Using this method, a woman may go about her usual activities while the cervical cap holds the semen in the vagina close to the entrance to the cervix. Advocates of this method claim that it increases the chances of conception. One advantage with the conception device

2871-494: Is a parody of secret agent films, most notably the James Bond franchise. In Michael's screenplay, his love interest is named Catherine Zeta-Jones . The name of Michael's movie has been referenced several other times through the series. In the third season episode " Product Recall ", Michael frantically states that, due to the amount of angry customers, the office has been "put at Threat Level Midnight." Michael's screenplay

2970-403: Is also given a fertility test to determine the motility, number, and viability of the male's sperm and the success of the female's ovulation. From these tests, the doctor may or may not recommend a form of artificial insemination. The results of investigations may, for example, show that the woman's immune system may be rejecting her partner's sperm as invading molecules. Women who have issues with

3069-432: Is also important. A female under 30 years of age has optimal chances with IUI; A promising cycle is one that offers two follicles measuring more than 16 mm, and estrogen of more than 500 pg/mL on the day of hCG administration. However, GnRH agonist administration at the time of implantation does not improve pregnancy outcome in intrauterine insemination cycles according to a randomized controlled trial . One of

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3168-414: Is critical, as the window and opportunity for fertilization is little more than twelve hours from the release of the ovum. To increase the chance of success, the woman's menstrual cycle is closely observed, often using ovulation kits, ultrasounds or blood tests, such as basal body temperature tests over, noting the color and texture of the vaginal mucus, and the softness of the nose of her cervix. To improve

3267-419: Is directed at heterosexual couples. Indeed, many sperm banks seem reluctant to inform donors that most of their donations will be used for lesbians and single women. To improve the way society talks about and carries out donor insemination inclusive language may be used. One way to do this is to bring LGBTQ narratives into this process, with a particular emphasis on this being a family-centered process. Even in

3366-511: Is dismayed when Dwight and Pam arrive instead. Nevertheless, Dwight keeps her from refusing by assigning Customer Service representative Clark Green as her personal liaison. The two hit it off and travel abroad for several weeks. In " Suit Warehouse ", Clark returns to the office, having gotten Jan to sign on as a client after spending several weeks in Europe as her lover. Jan also sent an expensive Italian-made espresso machine back with Clark as

3465-490: Is done via IVF . Some countries have laws which restrict and regulate who can donate sperm and who is able to receive artificial insemination. Some women who live in a jurisdiction which does not permit artificial insemination in the circumstance in which she finds herself may travel to another jurisdiction which permits it . Compared with natural insemination , artificial insemination can be more expensive and more invasive, and may require professional assistance. Timing

3564-527: Is eventually turned into a home movie, which is viewed by the entire office in the seventh season episode " Threat Level Midnight ." "The Client" originally aired on NBC in the United States on November 8, 2005. The episode was viewed by 7.5 million viewers and received a 3.8 rating/9% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 3.8% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 9% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at

3663-413: Is in charge of the county government's office paper contract. Taking him on as a client could mean the branch will not have to downsize, a threat that has been looming for the past year. Jan is not happy that Michael changed the meeting location from a hotel meeting room to Chili's without permission and persists in jokes and personal discussion instead of getting down to business. However, she discovers at

3762-463: Is in the pilot episode, in which she discusses the prospect of downsizing with regional manager Michael Scott , played by Steve Carell . Jan's portrayer, Melora Hardin , revealed that when she auditioned for the role of Jan, she had also auditioned for a role in the short-lived CBS drama Wolf Lake . Hardin initially expressed interest in Wolf Lake, as it was a lead role, but ultimately went for

3861-402: Is no longer holding onto feelings for Jan. Jan also insists Michael not go out with Holly, leading Michael to promptly and successfully ask Holly out on a date. Jan is not seen again until the seventh season, by which time she is employed as a hospital administrator, raises Astrid as a single mother and has recorded a Doris Day cover album. She tells Michael at great length that they were never

3960-425: Is not ready for a relationship. Her appearances in the second season during a 'women in the workplace' seminar and a financial presentation with CFO David Wallace continue this rejection, despite Michael's advances. However, upon being invited by Michael to the company casino night, she is emotionally hurt by the presence of his other date, Carol Stills , and hastily leaves. With an overnight bag in her Volvo shown to

4059-405: Is not. A point of consideration, is that it does cost the patient or healthcare system to remain immobile for 15 minutes if it does increase the chances. For couples with unexplained infertility , unstimulated IUI is no more effective than natural means of conception. The pregnancy rate also depends on the total sperm count , or, more specifically, the total motile sperm count (TMSC), used in

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4158-558: Is one of the more cost-effective avenues to parenting. While clinic based IUI may be open to many, it typically still includes hetero-reproductive narratives which dates from the early days of fertilization procedures when these were often exclusively for married couples and when there was a resistance in many societies to extend these services to the LGBTQ+ community. Indeed, in the early days, there were very few fertility clinics which would provide services to single women and lesbian couples. In

4257-477: Is seen again in the fourth-season finale, in which she is revealed to be pregnant via artificial insemination . Michael goes to her Lamaze classes when Jan asks him to and is incredibly excited to be there for the birth of "their" child. However, he is utterly deflated when Jan gives birth to her daughter Astrid without him there, and when Jan reluctantly lets Michael spend time around her, Michael sadly recognizes that he feels no connection at all to Astrid and that he

4356-405: Is that fresh, non-liquefied semen may be used. The man may ejaculate straight into the cap so that his fresh semen can be inserted immediately into the vagina without waiting for it to liquefy, although a collection cup may also be used. Other methods may be used to insert semen into the vagina notably involving different uses of a conception cap. These include a specially designed conception cap with

4455-400: Is therefore the most popular method of insemination today at a fertility clinic. The term 'artificial insemination' has, in many cases, come to mean IUI insemination. It is important that washed sperm is used because unwashed sperm may elicit uterine cramping, expelling the semen and causing pain, due to content of prostaglandins . (Prostaglandins are also the compounds responsible for causing

4554-432: Is usually the insemination procedure of choice for single women and lesbians using donor semen in a fertility centre. Lesbians and single women are less likely to have fertility issues of their own and enabling donor sperm to be inserted directly into the womb will often produce a better chance of conceiving. A 2019 showed that pregnancy rates were similar between lesbian women and heterosexual women undergoing IUI. However, it

4653-451: The fertile window during ovulation. However, a randomized trial of insemination after ovarian hyperstimulation found no difference in live birth rate between single and double intrauterine insemination. A Cochrane found uncertain evidence about the effect of IUI compared with timed intercourse or expectant management on live birth rates but IUI with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is probably better than expectant management. Due to

4752-523: The vagina during sexual intercourse . It is painless and is the simplest, easiest and most common method of artificial insemination involving the introduction of unwashed or raw semen into the vagina at the entrance to the cervix , usually by means of a needleless syringe. ICI is commonly used in the home, by self-insemination and practitioner insemination. Sperm used in ICI inseminations does not have to be 'washed' to remove seminal fluid so that raw semen from

4851-412: The 1980s, direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI) was occasionally used, where doctors injected sperm into the lower abdomen through a surgical hole or incision, with the intention of letting them find the oocyte at the ovary or after entering the genital tract through the ostium of the fallopian tube . There are multiple methods used to obtain the semen necessary for artificial insemination, and

4950-795: The Pam–Jim and Michael–Jan subplots and dynamics. Artificial insemination Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse . It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is a common practice in animal breeding , including dairy cattle (see frozen bovine semen ) and pigs . Artificial insemination may employ assisted reproductive technology , sperm donation and animal husbandry techniques. Artificial insemination techniques available include intracervical insemination ( ICI ) and intrauterine insemination ( IUI ). Where gametes from

5049-478: The Scranton office to the contrary, agrees to get back together with Jan. Unfortunately, the corporate position for which Michael, Jim, and Karen are interviewing is Jan's; after being absent from work, abusing corporate policies, and being in Scranton far too often, Jan is fired and escorted from the building in New York, and is replaced by Ryan Howard . Season four has Jan moving into Michael's condo and starting

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5148-777: The UK, notable pioneers in this respect were the British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) and the Pregnancy Advisory Service (PAS), both of which operated before statutory control of fertility services in 1992, and the London Women's Clinic (LWC) which provided artificial insemination to single women and lesbians from 1998. Most donor insemination procedures undertaken in many countries today are for lesbian couples or single mainly lesbian women, yet much of their rhetoric and advertising

5247-581: The audience, it is heavily implied that Jan has developed feelings for Michael. In the third-season premiere, Jan approves the transfer of Jim Halpert to the Stamford branch after interviewing him in an earlier episode of the second season. She also negotiated a paid three-month vacation and Lexus company car to accountant Oscar Martinez when Michael ignorantly outs him. After several episodes referring to downsizing, Jan ultimately plans to merge Scranton into Stamford, with some employees being laid off and

5346-487: The average time taken to achieve pregnancy. Women whose age is becoming a major factor in fertility may not want to spend that extra time. The number of samples (ejaculates) required to give rise to a child varies substantially from person to person, as well as from clinic to clinic. However, the following equations generalize the main factors involved: For intracervical insemination : The pregnancy rate increases with increasing number of motile sperm used, but only up to

5445-480: The cervix – such as cervical scarring, cervical blockage from endometriosis , or thick cervical mucus – may also benefit from artificial insemination, since the sperm must pass through the cervix to result in fertilization. Nowadays artificial insemination in humans is mainly used as a substitute for sexual intercourse for women without a male partner who wish to have their own children—such as women in lesbian relationships and single women—and thus where sperm from

5544-497: The chemistry between Jan and Michael. Hardin recalled: "I remember sitting at the tables with Greg Daniels and Steve Carell, and we were all laughing at, kind of, how weirdly interesting Jan and Michael were together.” Finding potential in Jan and Michael’s relationship, the writers expressed interest in expanding Jan’s character if the series was picked up for a second season. In the season 2 episode " The Client ", Michael and Jan kiss after

5643-409: The company, badly damaging their relationship. Following this, during a dinner party, the two fight over each other's eccentricities and Jan throws a Dundie Award at his cheap plasma television before breaking down and nearly being arrested on a destruction of property charge. The two split up, with Michael staying at Schrute Farms a few weeks until Jan packs up her things and moves away for good. Jan

5742-467: The end of the day that there is a method to his madness, as the bonding between Michael and Christian allows him to close the deal. Afterwards, in the parking lot, Michael and the recently divorced Jan kiss and leave together. During the meeting Michael calls Pam Beesly to read from one of the joke books in his desk, where she finds a screenplay written by Michael entitled Threat Level: Midnight , starring himself as "Agent Michael Scarn". The staff perform

5841-444: The episode was written to lead to that scene. The scene where Oscar tells a story about a date getting a background check on him was based on an actual date that Paul Lieberstein went on. While filming, Steve Carell and Tim Meadows improvised a lot of their dinner scene, but most of it never made the final cut. One improvised scene that did make the final cut was the "Baby Back Ribs" song. In an interview, Jenna Fischer said that

5940-457: The episode with a "B+". Rolling Stone named the scene wherein the employees read Threat Level: Midnight as the tenth funniest in The Office's first three seasons. Erik Adams of The A.V. Club awarded the episode an "A" and called it "a series-best episode of The Office whose series-best status sneaks up on you". He was largely complimentary towards the way the episode built towards

6039-417: The fallopian tube where fertilization takes place. Although many fertilization procedures, such as IUI are typically carried out in a medical setting, society is increasingly recognizing the important role that this plays in the lives of individuals who might otherwise not conceive through heterosexual penetrative sexual intercourse. Artificial insemination using a sperm donor for LGBTQ+ individuals and couples

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6138-399: The final cut. During the production of the episode, the cast and crew were informed by NBC that the show would be picked up for a whole 22 episodes, a move that "surprised" them. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics and earned a Nielsen rating of 3.8 in the 18–49 demographic, being viewed by 7.5 million viewers. Michael Scott and Jan Levinson meet with Christian, who

6237-407: The first two cycles of ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI. However, for women aged over 40 years, there appears to be no benefit after a single cycle of COH/IUI. Medical experts therefore recommend considering in vitro fertilization after one failed COH/IUI cycle for women aged over 40 years. A double intrauterine insemination theoretically increases pregnancy rates by decreasing the risk of missing

6336-507: The insurance plan, state policies and regulations, and the underlying cause of infertility. Several states have mandated insurers to provide coverage for infertility services. IUI can be used in conjunction with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Clomiphene Citrate is the first line, Letrozole is second line, in order to stimulate ovaries before moving on to IVF. Still, advanced maternal age causes decreased success rates; women aged 38–39 years appear to have reasonable success during

6435-406: The lack of reliable evidence from controlled clinical trials, it is not certain which semen preparation techniques are more effective (wash and centrifugation; swim-up; or gradient) in terms of pregnancy and live birth rates. Intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination (IUTPI) involves injection of washed sperm into both the uterus and fallopian tubes . The cervix is then clamped to prevent leakage to

6534-402: The lubricant can inhibit the sperm motility. When an ovum is released, semen is introduced into the woman's vagina , uterus or cervix , depending on the method being used. Sperm is occasionally inserted twice within a 'treatment cycle'. Intracervical insemination (ICI) is the method of artificial insemination which most closely mimics the natural ejaculation of semen by the penis into

6633-464: The myometrium to contract and expel the menses from the uterus, during menstruation .) Resting on the table for fifteen minutes after an IUI is optimal for the woman to increase the pregnancy rate. Using this technique, as with ICI, fertilization takes place naturally in the external part of the fallopian tubes in the same way that occurs following intercourse. For heterosexual couples, the indications to perform an intrauterine insemination are usually

6732-434: The ninth-season episode " The Whale ", Jan is now back in Scranton, working as an executive at the White Pages phone book company. Dwight and Pam make the sales call in her office, initially unaware that she is the contact. Jan had no intention of giving Dunder Mifflin her business, and had intended to refuse David Wallace (now the owner and CEO of Dunder Mifflin) personally in retaliation for firing her several years before; she

6831-451: The office women lead him to discuss Jan's radical sexual preferences, including recording their intimacy, against Michael's wishes and playing it with a therapist to improve "his form", as well as ignoring Michael's use of their safeword during sex. He realizes his unhappiness with her and breaks up. In the season finale, during which Michael interviews for a corporate position, Jan attempts a reunion. Michael, despite urgings from all women in

6930-429: The preferred technique over intrauterine insemination. Intratubal insemination (ITI) involves injection of washed sperm into the fallopian tube , although this procedure is no longer generally regarded as having any beneficial effect compared with IUI. ITI however, should not be confused with gamete intrafallopian transfer , where both eggs and sperm are mixed outside the woman's body and then immediately inserted into

7029-440: The presence of a professional, aiming the sperm in the vagina at the neck of the cervix may be more difficult to achieve and the effect may be to 'flood' the vagina with semen, rather than to target it specifically at the entrance to the cervix. This procedure is sometimes referred to as ' intravaginal insemination' (IVI). Sperm supplied by a sperm bank will be frozen and must be allowed to thaw before insemination. The sealed end of

7128-428: The process can improve the experience for individuals, reduce stress, and minimize barriers that target marginalized individuals. Lesbian couples may either select a friend or family member as their sperm donor or choose an anonymous donor. After a sperm donor is selected, a couple can proceed with donor sperm IUI. IUI is an economic option for same-sex couples and can be done without the use of medication. According to

7227-586: The prominent private clinic in Europe has published a data A multiple logistic regression model showed that sperm origin, maternal age, follicle count at hCG administration day, follicle rupture, and the number of uterine contractions observed after the second insemination procedure were associated with the live-birth rate The steps to follow in order to perform an intrauterine insemination are: The cost breakdown for Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) involves several components. The procedure itself typically ranges from $ 300 to $ 1,000 per cycle without insurance. The cost of

7326-477: The recently-divorced Jan attend a business meeting at a Chili's with Christian, a highly-valuable potential client. During the meeting, Jan is unimpressed by Michael's casual and joking attitude, but changes her mind when Michael and Christian's bond leads to Michael closing the business deal. At the end of the episode, Jan and Michael share a kiss. Michael's attempts at a meaningful relationship stemming from that night are rejected, as Jan open-endedly states that she

7425-439: The recipient woman or her partner, or it may be transported in specially insulated containers. Some donors have their own freezing apparatus to freeze and store their sperm. Semen used is either fresh, raw, or frozen. Where donor sperm is supplied by a sperm bank, it will always be quarantined and frozen, and will need to be thawed before use. The sperm is ideally donated after two or three days of abstinence, without lubrication as

7524-463: The rest of the office finds a screenplay written by Michael and they decide to read it together. The idea for Jan and Michael to have a romantic relationship was conceived by Steve Carell as far back as the filming of the pilot episode. The kiss between the two was rehearsed and filmed "many, many, many times", according to B. J. Novak . While filming, Steve Carell and Tim Meadows improvised a good majority of their dinner scene, but most of it never made

7623-414: The rest transferred - her plan falls apart when Josh Porter, whom she planned on becoming the manager of the merged branches, leverages the position with Staples into a senior management position there. This development influences Jan into merging Stamford with Scranton instead. Following a Christmas party, Michael calls an unknown woman to invite her to Sandals Resorts Jamaica. It is later revealed that

7722-400: The role of Jan at the insistence of the casting director: "[The casting director] had told me that she really wanted me to get the part on The Office. In the end, she was right." In an Office Ladies podcast, Hardin revealed that she had been unsure if her character would return to the show, as Jan only had a brief appearance in the pilot. While filming the pilot, co-creator Greg Daniels noted

7821-427: The rooftop scene was her favorite to shoot. Fischer recalled that "there was a very small crew up on the roof and they had the cameras really far away." For the scene where the characters do a read-through of "Threat Level Midnight", in an inverse of the typical television filming process, the cast members held scripts on-camera but improvised most of their dialogue. After the main shooting ended, producers decided to do

7920-401: The sale because the staff was hostile to him upon his return from overseas. In " Finale ", it is mentioned that Dwight (who succeeded Andy as regional manager) managed to reacquire the White Pages' business by again offering the discounted price. Jan is not referenced over the course of the documentary's TV release and is not invited to any of the events connected to it. Jan's first appearance

8019-406: The sample to ensure that he does not carry a transmissible disease. Sperm from a sperm bank will also be suspended in a semen extender which assists with freezing, storing and shipping. If sperm is provided by a private donor, either directly or through a sperm agency, it is usually supplied fresh, not frozen, and it will not be quarantined. Donor sperm provided in this way may be given directly to

8118-421: The semen in the vagina. The syringe (and catheter if used) may be left in place for several minutes before removal. The woman can bring herself to orgasm so that the cervix 'dips down' into the pool of semen, again replicating closely vaginal intercourse, and this may improve the success rate. Following insemination, fertile sperm will swim through the cervix into the uterus and from there to the fallopian tubes in

8217-461: The series very well, and was pleased at the overall conclusion of Jan’s character, stating: “It was really great to see her back in the corporate world.” The Client (The Office) " The Client " is the seventh episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office and the show's thirteenth episode overall. Written by Paul Lieberstein , who also acts in

8316-421: The show after breaking up with Michael in season 4. Jan continues to make sporadic appearances throughout the series; her final on-screen appearance was in the ninth-season episode “ The Whale ”, and she has a brief voice role in " Couples Discount ". Hardin was initially told she would come back in the series finale, but the plans never came to fruition. Despite this, Hardin expressed that the writers had wrapped up

8415-573: The show as Toby Flenderson , and directed by Greg Daniels , the episode first aired in the United States on November 8, 2005, on NBC . The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Jan Levinson ( Melora Hardin ) and Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) begin a relationship after landing an important client ( Tim Meadows ). Meanwhile,

8514-566: The show's second season had only been brought back for six episodes, to test the water. Despite the lackluster reception the first season had, ratings jumped during the second season to 7.7 million in the fall alone. After the ratings success, Kevin Reilly , NBC Entertainment president, "surprised" the cast and crew of the staff and ordered a full season; he later likened the series to Seinfeld and Cheers , noting that they too had "slow starts". Michael tells Jan that he moved their meeting from

8613-420: The sperm do not have to swim through the cervix which is coated with a mucus layer. This layer of mucus can slow down the passage of sperm and can result in many sperm perishing before they can enter the uterus. Donor sperm is sometimes tested for mucus penetration if it is to be used for ICI inseminations but partner sperm may or may not be able to pass through the cervix. In these cases, the use of IUI can provide

8712-515: The sperm may vary widely, with prices per vial ranging from $ 500 to $ 1,000 or more from a sperm bank. Additional expenses might include consultation fees, ovulation-inducing medication, ultrasounds, and blood tests. The extent of insurance coverage for fertility treatments, including Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), varies considerably. Some insurance plans may cover some of the costs, while others may not provide any financial support for fertility treatments. Coverage depends on various factors, such as

8811-494: The sperm used in artificial insemination may be provided by the recipient patient's partner or by a sperm donor whose identity is known or unknown. Artificial insemination techniques were originally used mainly to assist heterosexual couples to conceive where they were having difficulties, but with the advancement of techniques in this field, notably ICSI , the use of artificial insemination for such couples has largely been rendered unnecessary. However, there are still reasons why

8910-417: The straw itself must be cut off and the open end of the straw is usually fixed straight on to the tip of the syringe, allowing the contents to be drawn into the syringe. Sperm from more than one straw can generally be used in the same syringe. Where fresh semen is used, this must be allowed to liquefy before inserting it into the syringe, or alternatively, the syringe may be back-loaded. A conception cap, which

9009-454: The success rate of artificial insemination, drugs to create a stimulated cycle may be used, but the use of such drugs also results in an increased chance of a multiple birth. Sperm can be provided fresh or washed . Washed sperm is required in certain situations. Pre- and post-concentration of motile sperm is counted. Sperm from a sperm bank will be frozen and quarantined for a period, and the donor will be tested before and after production of

9108-404: The syringe to ensure delivery of the semen as close to the entrance to the cervix as possible. The plunger is then slowly pushed forward and the semen in the syringe is gently emptied deep into the vagina. It is important that the syringe is emptied slowly for safety and for the best results, bearing in mind that the purpose of the procedure is to replicate as closely as possible a natural deposit of

9207-401: The time of the broadcast. The episode retained 73 percent of its lead-in " My Name is Earl " audience, the best the show had done up until that point. An encore presentation of the episode, on April 25, 2006, received 2.4 rating/7% share was viewed by over 4.8 million viewers. The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics. TV Squad 's Michael Sciannamea gave the episode

9306-617: The vagina, best achieved with a specially designed double nut bivalve (DNB) speculum. The sperm is mixed to create a volume of 10 ml, sufficient to fill the uterine cavity , pass through the interstitial part of the tubes and the ampulla , finally reaching the peritoneal cavity and the Pouch of Douglas where it would be mixed with the peritoneal and follicular fluid . IUTPI can be useful in unexplained infertility , mild or moderate male infertility, and mild or moderate endometriosis. In non-tubal sub fertility, fallopian tube sperm perfusion may be

9405-414: The woman is Jan, when Michael accidentally forwards a risqué photo of Jan tanning to the entire office. The relationship between Jan and Michael becomes official when David Wallace hosts a cocktail party. The duo attend as a couple after disclosing their relationship to HR ; Michael immediately declares "I love this woman!" shortly after. When Michael has a "women's appreciation day", his conversations with

9504-408: Was a talking head interview in which Jim says that his worst first date was when he went out to lunch with Pam under the mistaken impression that they were on a date and learned that she was engaged; Daniels said this was his favorite scene of season two. During the production of the episode, the cast and crew were informed by NBC that the show would be picked up for a whole 22 episodes. Initially,

9603-414: Was found that there is a significantly higher multiple gestation rate among lesbian women undergoing ovulation induction (OI) when compared to lesbian women undergoing natural cycles. Unlike ICI, intrauterine insemination normally requires a medical practitioner to perform the procedure. One of the requirements is to have at least one permeable tube, proved by hysterosalpingography. The infertility duration

9702-519: Was not a date, Jim is caught by surprise and makes a snide comment about the hockey game date. Hurt, Pam breaks off the conversation. The following morning, Dwight, having spent the night in the office, sees Jan coming by to retrieve her car, igniting gossip that she had sex with Michael. Michael reveals to the documentary crew that they made out and talked long into the night before falling asleep. Jan calls and says she regrets what happened, even accusing Michael of deliberately getting her drunk to initiate

9801-622: Was reported 25 years later in a medical journal. The sperm bank was developed in Iowa starting in the 1950s in research conducted by University of Iowa medical school researchers Jerome K. Sherman and Raymond Bunge. In the United Kingdom, the British obstetrician Mary Barton founded one of the first fertility clinics to offer donor insemination in the 1930s, with her husband Bertold Wiesner fathering hundreds of offspring. In

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