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59-649: Jante may refer to: Jante Law , a code of conduct said to be common in Nordic countries Jante, Nepal , a village Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Jante . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jante&oldid=871188930 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

118-411: A "new form of cost-benefit analysis" for government expenditures in which a "critical level of extra happiness" yielded by a project is established. It contemplates the prioritization of increasing happiness of the happy vs. reducing misery of the miserable, as well as the issues of discount rate (weight) for the happiness of future generations. It includes a technical annex with equations for calculating

177-498: A Holistic Definition of Development inviting member countries to measure the happiness of their people and to use the data to help guide public policy. The first World Happiness Report was released on 1 April 2012, as a foundational text for the UN High Level Meeting: Well-being and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm , drawing international attention. On 2 April 2012, this was followed by

236-458: A New Economic Paradigm, Bhutan's Gross National Happiness philosophy, the term's "convening and attention attracting power", and the asset in a "double usage of happiness" as an emotional report and life evaluation. Chapter 2, The Geography of Happiness is written by John F. Helliwell, Hailing Huang and Shun Wang. This chapter reports the happiness of nations measured by life evaluations. It includes color coded maps and an analysis of six factors

295-525: A ladder, with the best possible life for them being a 10, and the worst possible life being a 0. They are then asked to rate their own current lives on that 0 to 10 scale. The report correlates the life evaluation results with various life factors. The life factor variables used in the reports are reflective of determinants that explain national-level differences in life evaluations across research literature. However, certain variables, such as unemployment or inequality, are not considered because comparable data

354-689: A proper means of social progress and public policy."), citing the OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, a referendum in the EU requiring member nations to measure happiness, and the success of the World Happiness reports (with readership at about 1.5 million), and the adoption of happiness by the government of the United Arab Emirates , and other areas. It sets an aspiration of the inclusion of subjective well-being into

413-489: A way of behaving in order to fit in and results in dressing similarly and the types of cars that people buy and buying similar products for their homes. It is commonly stated that Jante Law is for people in the provinces, but commentators have suggested that metropolitan areas are also affected. While the original intention was as satire, Kim Orlin Kantardjiev, a Norwegian politician and educational advisor, claims that

472-705: Is a publication that contains articles and rankings of national happiness , based on respondent ratings of their own lives, which the report also correlates with various (quality of) life factors. Since 2024, the report has been published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford , in partnership with Gallup , the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network , and an independent editorial board. The editorial board consists of

531-480: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jante Law The "Law" was first formulated as ten rules in Sandemose's satirical novel A Fugitive Crosses His Tracks ( En flyktning krysser sitt spor , 1933), but the attitudes themselves are older. Sandemose portrays the fictional small Danish town of Jante, modelled upon his native town Nykøbing Mors in

590-573: Is felt everywhere almost equally by men and women, stress peaks in the Middle Ages, and women experience depression more than men. It finds that where older people are happier, there is a sense of social support, freedom to make life choices and generosity (and income does not factor in as heavily as these three factors). Chapter 4, How to Make Policy When Happiness is the Goal is written by Richard Layard and Gus O'Donnell . This chapter advocates for

649-502: Is human nature to broadly define happiness and understand the connection between happiness and the common good , (2) that the current understanding of individuality is stripped of ties to the common good, and (3) that there is a need to restore the common good as central value for society. The chapter also proposes Catholic school teachings as a model for restoring the common good as a dominant value. Chapter 3, The Challenges of Public Happiness: An Historical-Methodological Reconstruction

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708-413: Is not a lot of difference in life evaluations between men and women across nations or within ages in a nation (women have slightly higher life evaluations than men: 0.09 on a ten-point scale). It reports that overall happiness falls into a U shape with age on the x axis and happiness on the y, with the low point being middle age (45-50) for most nations (in some happiness does not go up much in later life, so

767-480: Is not yet available across all countries. The variables used illustrate important correlations rather than causal estimates. The use of subjective measurements of wellbeing is meant to be a bottom-up approach which emancipates respondents to evaluate their own wellbeing. In this context, the value of the Cantril Ladder is the fact that a respondent can self-anchor themselves based on their perspective. In

826-597: Is the Goal , (5) Neuroscience of Happiness , (6) Healthy Young Minds Transforming the Mental Health of Children, (7) Human Values, Civil Economy, and Subjective Well-being , and (8) Investing in Social Capital. Chapter 1, Setting the Stage is written by John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs. This chapter celebrates the success of the happiness movement ("Happiness is increasingly considered

885-479: Is the first year that the World Happiness Report ranks cities. The happiest city in the world is Helsinki , the capital of Finland . The report shows that the happiness ranking of cities is almost identical to that of the countries they are in. In 2020, the editorial team expanded and Jan-Emmanuel De Neve became a co-editor, joining John F. Helliwell , Richard Layard , Jeffrey D. Sachs , and

944-438: Is the second year that the World Happiness Report ranks cities. The happiest city in the world is Helsinki , the capital of Finland . The report shows that the happiness ranking of cities is almost identical to that of the countries they are in. The 2020 World Happiness Report, released on March 20, 2020, ranks 156 countries based on an average of three years of surveys between 2017 and 2019. The 2020 report especially focuses on

1003-579: Is valued less, and in poorer countries, people suffer in financial and time costs when they have children. Chapter 5, Multidimensional Well-Being in Contemporary Europe: Analysis of the Use of Self-Organizing Map Allied to SHARE Data is written by Mario Lucchini, Luca Crivelli and Sara della Bella. This chapter contains a study of well-being data from older European adults. It finds that this chapter's study results were consistent with

1062-548: Is written by Jeffrey Sachs. This chapter identifies ways that sustainable development indicators (economic, social and environmental factors) can be used to explain variations in happiness. It concludes with a report about an appeal to include subjective well-being indicators into the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) . Part Two 2016 Special Rome Edition was edited by Jeffrey Sacks, Leonardo Becchetti and Anthony Arnett. Chapter 1, Inside

1121-597: Is written by Luigino Bruni and Stefano Zemagni. This chapter contemplates Aristotelian concepts of happiness and virtue as they pertain to and support the findings in the World Happiness Reports regarding the impact of social support, trust in government, and equality of happiness. Chapter 4, The Geography of Parenthood and Well-Being. Do Children Make Us Happy, Where and Why ? is written by Luca Stanca. This chapter examines other research findings that children do not add happiness to parents. Using data from

1180-590: Is written by Richard Layard, This chapter argues for a revival of an ethical life and world, harkening to times when religious organizations were a dominant force. It calls on secular non-profit organizations to promote "ethical living in a way that provides inspiration, uplift, joy and mutual respect", and gives examples of implementation by a non-profit founded by Richard Layard, the chapter author, Action for Happiness, which offers online information from positive psychology and Buddhist teachings . Chapter 4, Happiness and Sustainable Development: Concepts and Evidence

1239-496: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) approach to measuring subjective well-being and other international and national efforts. From 2021 the World Happiness Report has advocated for the use of WELLBYs (Well-Being-Adjusted Life-Years); it argues that QALYs only count the individual patient's health-related quality of life, and instead WELLBYs should be used. Policy-makers should aim to maximise

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1298-544: The World Values Survey , it finds that, with the exception of widowed parents, having children has a negative effect on life satisfaction for parents in 2/3 of the 105 countries studied, with parents in richer countries suffering more. Once parents are old , life satisfaction increases. The chapter concludes that "existing evidence is not conclusive" and a statement that the causes for the low life satisfaction levels may be that for richer countries, having children

1357-451: The 1930s where nobody was anonymous, a feature of life typical of small towns. There are ten rules in the law as defined by Sandemose, all expressive of variations on a single theme and usually referred to as a homogeneous unit: You are not to think you're anyone special, or that you're better than us. The ten rules state: The Janters who transgress this unwritten "law" are regarded with suspicion and some hostility, as it goes against

1416-438: The 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (not fulfilled), and outlines the 2015 report. It also address the use of the term Happiness, identifying the cons (narrowness of the term, breath of the term, flakiness), and defining the use of the term for the reasons that the 2011 UN General Assembly Resolution 65/309 Happiness Towards A Holistic Approach to Development and April 2012 UN High Level Meeting: Well-being and Happiness: Defining

1475-626: The Law of Jante is taught in schools as more of a social code to encourage group behavior , and attempts to credit it with fueling Nordic countries' high happiness scores . It has also been suggested that contentedness with a humdrum lifestyle is a part of happiness in the Scandinavian countries. However, in Scandinavia, there have also been journalistic articles which link the Law of Jante to high suicide rates . Backlash has occurred against

1534-609: The Life Satisfaction Blackbox is written by Leonardo Becchetti, Luisa Carrado, and Paolo Sama. This chapter proposes using quality of life measurements (a broader range of variables that life evaluation) in lieu of or in addition to overall life evaluations in future World Happiness Reports. Chapter 2, Human Flourishing, the Common Good, and Catholic Social Teaching is written by Anthony Annett. This chapter contains explanations for three theories: (1) It

1593-527: The Life Satisfaction Blackbox , (2) Human Flourishing, the Common Good, and Catholic Social Teaching , (3) The Challenges of Public Happiness: An Historical-Methodological Reconstruction , (4) The Geography of Parenthood and Well-Being: Do Children Make Us Happy, Where and Why? , and (5) Multidimensional Well-Being in Contemporary Europe: An Analysis of the Use of a Self-Organizing Map Applied to Share Data . Chapter 1, Setting

1652-549: The Oxford Wellbeing Research Centre became a fourth research pillar for the report. Associate editors were Lara Aknin, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang, and Sharon Paculor was recognized as production editor. From 2020, Gallup became a full data partner. The 2019 World Happiness Report focuses community. According to the 2019 Happiness Report, Finland is the happiest country in the world, with Denmark , Norway , Iceland , and The Netherlands holding

1711-524: The Stage is written by John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey Sachs. This chapter briefly surveys the happiness movement ("Increasingly, happiness is considered to be the proper measure of social progress and the goal of public policy.") gives an overview of the 2016 reports and synopsis of both parts of the 2016 Update Rome Addition. Chapter 2, The Distribution of World Happiness is written by John F. Helliwell, Hailing Huang, and Shun Wang. This chapter reports happiness levels of countries and proposes

1770-515: The WELLBYs of all who are born, and also include the WELLBYs of future generations (subject to a small discount rate). Country rankings for the young and the old are quite different, and systematically so, underscoring the fact that convergence between the two halves of Europe has been driven mainly by the rising happiness of the young. Countries ranking highest for the old are generally countries with high overall rankings, but include several where

1829-451: The World Happiness Report 2016 update: positive affect (feelings) have a stronger impact on a person's satisfaction with life than do negative affect (feelings). The 2015 World Happiness Report has eight chapters: (1) Setting the Stage , (2) The Geography of World Happiness , (3) How Does Subjective Well-being Vary Around the World by Gender and Age? , (4) How to Make Policy When Happiness

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1888-445: The account for the differences: (1) social support in terms of someone to count on in times of need, (2) GDP per capita (income), (3) life expectancy (in terms of healthy years), (4) sense of corruption in government and business (trust), (5) perceived freedom to make life decisions, and (6) generosity. The first three factors were found to have the biggest impact on a population's happiness. Crisis ( natural disasters and economic crisis)

1947-409: The environment – social, urban, and natural, and includes links between happiness and sustainable development. Finland holds the rank of the happiest country in the world for the fourth consecutive year. It is followed by Denmark , Switzerland , Iceland and Netherlands . Afghanistan received the lowest score, with South Sudan and Rwanda just above it. In addition to country rankings, this

2006-406: The environment – social, urban, and natural, and includes links between happiness and sustainable development. Finland holds the rank of the happiest country in the world for the third consecutive year. It is followed by Denmark , Switzerland , Iceland and Norway . Afghanistan received the lowest score, with South Sudan and Zimbabwe just above it. In addition to country rankings, this

2065-479: The first UN High Level Meeting called Wellbeing and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm , which was chaired by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and Prime Minister Jigmi Thinley of Bhutan , a nation that adopted gross national happiness instead of gross domestic product as their main development indicator. The first report outlined the state of world happiness, causes of happiness and misery, and policy implications highlighted by case studies. In 2013,

2124-475: The global rankings and calculates that bringing the social foundations from the lowest levels up to world average levels in 2014-2016 would increase life evaluations by almost two points. This means that social foundations effects are together larger than those of GDP per capita and healthy life expectancy. The third chapter focuses on economic growth and wellbeing in China, and shows that unemployment and changes in

2183-512: The greatest decrease. The chapter also considers how happiness has been affected by changes in the quality of government. The third chapter considers happiness and voting behaviour, with data suggesting that happier people are more likely to vote, and to vote for incumbents. The fourth chapter is an examination of happiness and pro-social behaviour, finding that people are more likely to derive happiness from helping others when they feel free to choose whether or how to help, when they feel connected to

2242-608: The importance of employment for happiness across the world. The final chapter uses happiness history over the past ten years, analysing the case of the United States through the lens of social foundations of happiness. The 2016 World Happiness Report -Rome Addition was issued in two parts as an update. Part one had four chapters: (1) Setting the Stage, (2) The Distribution of World Happiness , (3) Promoting Secular Ethics , and (4) Happiness and Sustainable Development: Concepts and Evidence . Part two has six chapters: (1) Inside

2301-399: The importance of the social foundations of happiness, which are analysed by comparing the life experiences between the top and bottom ten countries in the year’s happiness rankings. Norway topped the global happiness rankings in this report, jumping from fourth place in 2016 to first in 2017. It was followed by Denmark , Iceland and Switzerland . The second chapter of the report focuses on

2360-569: The links between wellbeing and dementia and a deep dive into the wellbeing of older people in India. The 2023 World Happiness Report was a triannual analysis of 2020–2022, heavily influenced by COVID-19 and other significant challenges. For the sixth consecutive year, Finland was ranked on top, followed by Denmark, Iceland, Israel and the Netherlands. In the top-10 rankings, Israel jumped five places, while Switzerland fell four places. Lithuania

2419-556: The maximization for happiness in public expenditure , tax policy , regulations , the distribution of happiness and a discount rate. Chapter 5, Neuroscience of Happiness is written by Richard J. Dawson and Brianna S. Schuyler. This chapter reports on research in brain science and happiness, identifying four aspects that account for happiness: (1) sustained positive emotion, (2) recovery of negative emotion (resilience), (3) empathy , altruism and pro-social behavior, and (4) mindfulness (mind-wandering/affective sickness). It concludes that

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2478-488: The measure for affect (feelings), finding that positive affect (happiness, laughter, enjoyment) has much "large and highly significant impact" on life satisfaction than negative affect (worry, sadness, anger). The chapter also examines differences in happiness levels explained by the factors of (1) social support, (2) income, (3) healthy life, (4) trust in government and business, (5) perceived freedom to make life decisions and (6) generosity. Chapter 3, Promoting Secular Ethics

2537-411: The next top positions. The second chapter of the report, 'Changing World Happiness', measures year-to-year changes in happiness across countries. For this, changes are reported from 2005-2008 to 2016-2018. Of the 132 countries with data for 2005-2008 and 2016-2018, 106 had significant changes: 64 were significant increases and 42 were significant decreases. Benin was the top gainer, while Venezuela showed

2596-462: The people they are helping, and when they can see how their help is making a difference. The final topic of the report, digital and information technologies and happiness, is covered in the remaining chapters. The editorial team for the 2019 report was expanded to include Lara Aknin as associate editor. The 2018 iteration was released on 20 March and focused on the relation between happiness and migration. The fifth World Happiness Report emphasizes

2655-821: The quality of governance, and social support were found to be the key drivers for changes in national happiness levels, with the happiness of nations undergoing a crisis in which people have a strong sense of social support falling less than nations where people do not have a strong sense of social support. Chapter 3, How Does Subjective Well-being Vary Around the Globe by Gender and Age? is written by Nicole Fortin , John F. Helliwell and Shun Wang. This chapter uses data for 12 experiences: happiness (the emotion), smiling or laughing, enjoyment, feeling safe at night, feeling well rested, and feeling interested, as well as anger, worry, sadness, depression, stress and pain to examine differences by gender and age. Findings reported include that there

2714-449: The reports, experts in fields including economics , psychology , survey analysis, and national statistics , describe how measurements of well-being can be used effectively to assess the progress of nations, and other topics. Each report is organized by chapters that delve deeper into issues relating to happiness , including mental illness, the objective benefits of happiness, the importance of ethics, policy implications, and links with

2773-667: The reports. The Gallup World Poll questionnaire measures 14 areas within its core questions: (1) business & economic, (2) citizen engagement, (3) communications & technology, (4) diversity (social issues), (5) education & families, (6) emotions (well-being), (7) environment & energy, (8) food & shelter, (9) government and politics, (10) law & order (safety), (11) health, (12) religion & ethics, (13) transportation, and (14) work. The 2024 World Happiness Report focused on happiness at different stages of life. Chapter 3 presents global data on child and adolescent wellbeing, whereas Chapters 4 and 5 focus on older age, covering

2832-478: The rules, and in Norway someone even placed a grave for Jante Laws, declaring them dead in 2005. However, others have questioned whether they will ever go away, as they may be firmly entrenched in society. Andersen, Steen: Nye forbindelser. Pejlinger i Aksel Sandemoses forfatterskab. Vordingborg: Attika, 2015. ISBN   978-87-7528-8700 . In Danish Language. Happiness score The World Happiness Report

2891-552: The rules; he simply sought to formulate social norms that had stamped the Danish and Norwegian psyches for centuries. Although intended as criticism of society in general, some critics in the 1990s argued that the Law of Jante had shifted to refer to personal criticism of people who want to break out of their social groups and reach a higher position. It is common in Scandinavia to claim the Law of Jante as something quintessentially Danish, Norwegian or Swedish. The rules are treated as

2950-454: The second World Happiness Report was issued, and in 2015 the third. Since 2016, it has been issued on an annual basis on 20 March, to coincide with the UN's International Day of Happiness. The rankings of national happiness are based on a happiness measurement survey undertaken world-wide by the polling company Gallup, Inc . Nationally representative samples of respondents are asked to think of

3009-686: The shape is more of a downhill slide), and that the U shape holds for feeling well rested in all regions. It finds that men generally feel safer at night than women but, when comparing countries, people in Latin America have the lowest sense of safety at night, while people in East Asia and Western Europe have the highest sense of safety at night. It also finds that as women age their sense of happiness declines and stress increases but worry decreases, as all people age their laughter, enjoyment and finding something of interest also declines, that anger

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3068-495: The social safety nets explain both the post-1990 fall in happiness levels and the subsequent recovery since 2005. The fourth chapter discusses the reasons why countries in Africa are generally lagging behind others in life evaluations. The fifth chapter analyses key determinants of happiness, including income, mental health, and physical health. The sixth chapter considers the determinant of employment and work in particular, emphasising

3127-548: The three founding editors, John F. Helliwell , Richard Layard , and Jeffrey D. Sachs , along with Jan-Emmanuel De Neve , Lara Aknin , and Shun Wang. The report primarily uses data from the Gallup World Poll . As of March 2024, Finland has been ranked the happiest country in the world seven times in a row. In July 2011, the UN General Assembly adopted resolution 65/309 Happiness: Towards

3186-436: The town's communal desire to preserve harmony, social stability and uniformity. An eleventh rule recognized in the novel as "the penal code of Jante" is: From the chapter "Maybe you don't think I know something about you": That one sentence (the eleventh rule), which acts as the penal code of Jante, as such was rich in content. It was an accusation of absolutely anything, and that it also had to be, because absolutely nothing

3245-823: The use of inequalities of happiness among individuals as a better measure for inequality than income inequality , and that all people in a population fare better in terms of happiness when there is less inequality in happiness in their region. It includes data from the World Health Organization and World Development Indicators , as well as Gallup World Poll. It debunks the notion that people rapidly adapt to changes in life circumstances and quickly return to an initial life satisfaction baseline , finding instead that changes in life circumstances such as government policies , major life events ( unemployment , major disability ) and immigration change people's baseline life satisfaction levels. This chapter also addresses

3304-420: The world Happiness, Benevolence, and Trust During COVID-19 and Beyond . Among 146 countries ranked by the report, Afghanistan scores the lowest point of 2.523 and was ranked as the least 'happy' country in the world in 2022. The 2021 World Happiness Report, released on March 20, 2021, ranks 156 countries based on an average of three years of surveys between 2017 and 2019. The 2020 report especially focuses on

3363-501: The young have recently fared very poorly. The World Happiness Report has been published every year since 2012 (except for 2014). In addition to ranking countries’ happiness and well-being levels, each report has contributing authors and most focus on a particular theme. The data used to rank countries in each report is drawn from the Gallup World Poll, as well as other sources such as the World Values Survey , in some of

3422-665: Was allowed. It was also an elaborate indictment, with all kinds of unspecified penalties given to be expected. Furthermore it was useful, depending fully on tone of voice, in financial extortion and enticement into criminal acts, and it could also be the best means of defense. Sandemose's novel described working-class life in the fictional town of Jante. He wrote in 1955, a bit mischievously, that "Many people have recognized [in Jante] their own hometown – this has happened regularly to people from Arendal [Norway], Tromsø [Norway] and Viborg [Denmark]". Sandemose made no claim to having invented

3481-431: Was the only new country in the top-20. The 2022 World Happiness Report included a section looking at possible genetic effects on individual happiness. Finland is in the top position in the world happiness report in 2022. Followed by Denmark and Iceland in second and third place. Switzerland , Netherlands , Luxembourg , Sweden , Norway , Israel and New Zealand , were among the top 10 'happiest' countries in

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