The Nihon Ki-in ( 日本棋院 ), also known as the Japan Go Association , is the main organizational body for Go in Japan , overseeing Japan's professional system and issuing diplomas for amateur dan rankings . It is based in Tokyo. The other major Go association in Japan is Kansai Ki-in . Its innovations include the Oteai system of promotion, time limits in professional games, and the introduction of issuing diplomas to strong amateur players, to affirm their ranks.
22-612: The Nihon Ki-in was established in July 1924. The first president of the Nihon Ki-in was Makino Nobuaki , a great Go patron himself, with Okura Kishichiro serving as vice president. The vast majority of pros at the time joined the fledgling organization, excepting the Inoue faction in Osaka and Nozawa Chikucho . A brief splinter group called Kiseisha was created soon after the Nihon Ki-in
44-593: A chief secretary, and three additional secretaries. All privy councilors including the president and the vice president were appointed by the Emperor for life, on the advice of the Prime Minister and the cabinet . In addition to the twenty-four voting privy counselors, the Prime Minister and the other ministers of state were ex officio members of the council. The princes of the imperial household (both
66-854: A close advisor to the throne through the end of World War II in 1945. Born to a samurai family in Kagoshima , Satsuma Domain (present day Kagoshima Prefecture ), Makino was the second son of Ōkubo Toshimichi , but adopted into the Makino family at a very early age. In 1871, at age 11, he accompanied Ōkubo on the Iwakura Mission to the United States as a student, and briefly attended school in Philadelphia. After he returned to Japan, he attended Tokyo Imperial University , but left without graduating. Upon beginning his career as
88-605: A diplomat, Makino was assigned to the Japanese Embassy in London. There, he made the acquaintance of Itō Hirobumi . Following his service abroad, he served as governor of Fukui Prefecture (1891–1892) and Ibaraki Prefecture (1892–1893). He resumed his career in diplomacy as an Ambassador to Italy (1897–1899) and later Ambassador to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Switzerland. In March 1906, Makino
110-496: A very conservative “old boys” club, often at odds with the party-dominated elected government. After the Privy Council unsuccessfully challenged the government by attempting to reject several government decisions, and by attempting to assert itself on certain foreign policy issues, it was demonstrated that in actuality the balance of power was with the elected government. The Privy Council was thenceforth largely ignored, and
132-535: Is Makino's great-grandson. His great-granddaughter, Nobuko Asō , married Prince Tomohito of Mikasa , a first cousin of Emperor Akihito . In addition, Ijūin Hikokichi , the former minister of foreign affairs, was the brother-in-law of Makino. Privy Council (Japan) The Privy Council of Japan ( 枢密院 , Sūmitsu-in ) was an advisory council to the Emperor of Japan that operated from 1888 to 1947. It
154-579: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an organization or organization-related topic in Japan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Makino Nobuaki Count Makino Nobuaki , also Makino Shinken ( 牧野 伸顕 , November 24, 1861 – January 25, 1949) , was a Japanese politician and imperial court official. As Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan , Makino served as Emperor Hirohito 's chief counselor on
176-502: The shinnōke and the ōke ) over the age of majority were permitted to attend meetings of the Privy Council and could participate in its proceedings. The president was the authority as he called and controlled meetings inside of the council. The Council met in secret at the Tokyo Imperial Palace , with the Emperor in attendance on important occasions. The Council was empowered to deliberate on any matters upon which
198-457: The ultra nationalist League of Blood , but he was not harmed. It was part of the May 15 Incident . In 1935, he relinquished his position as Lord Keeper and was elevated in the title to hakushaku ( count ). Although he formally retired his positions in 1935, his relations with Hirohito remained good, and he still had much power and influence behind the scenes. This made him a target for radicals in
220-678: The Council of the Left, Centre, and Right, who would be collectively known as the Council of the Elders ( genrō in). The Elders oversaw the writing of the Meiji Constitution , and would become councilors in the Privy Council. The Privy Council of Japan was established by an imperial ordinance of Emperor Meiji dated 28 April 1888, under the presidency of Itō Hirobumi , to deliberate on the draft constitution . The new constitution, which
242-580: The Elder Statesmen [genro] and other ‘officials close to the Throne,’ shifts in the relative strength of cliques, deals among wire-pullers and bosses, assignation-house politics, and so forth." During its early years, many members of the Privy Council were simultaneously members of the elected government; however in its later years, the Privy Council essentially replaced the genrō and the Genrōin as
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#1732798568132264-407: The Emperor desired an opinion. Theoretically, the Privy Council's legal power was extensive, but, like many other aspects of Meiji-era politics, the effective power of the Privy Council was largely based upon the genrō and other oligarchs. Masao Maruyama described the Council as an "irrational arrangement prevailed in which decisions depended on fortuitous human relations, psychological coercion by
286-638: The Emperor from direct involvement in political affairs. Some historians point to this as having the unforeseen effect of making the Emperor reluctant to curb the trend towards militarism. In 1925, Makino was appointed Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan . He supported the Golden Pheasant Academy founded by the Confucian scholar Masahiro Yasuoka in 1927. He oversaw the organization of enthronement ceremony of Emperor Hirohito in 1928. On May 15, 1932, Makino's residence got attacked by
308-687: The Japanese military. He only narrowly escaped assassination at a ryokan in Yugawara during the February 26 Incident in 1936. He continued to be an advisor and exert a moderating influence on the Emperor until the start of World War II. Makino was also the first president of the Nihon Ki-in Go Society , and a fervent player of the game of go . After the war, his reputation as an "old liberalist" gave him high credibility, and
330-618: The course of his political career, he aligned his policies closely with Itō Hirobumi and later, with Saionji, and was considered one of the early leaders of the Liberalism movement in Japan. After victory in World War I, Makino was appointed to be one of Japan's ambassador plenipotentiaries to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 , headed by the elder statesman, Marquis Saionji. At the conference, he and other members of
352-675: The delegation put forth a Racial Equality Proposal . It won the majority of votes, but was vetoed by the chairman, President Woodrow Wilson . On September 20, 1920, he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers. In February 1921, he became Imperial Household Minister and elevated in rank to shishaku ( viscount ). Behind the scenes, he strove to improve Anglo-Japanese and Japanese-American relations, and he shared Saionji Kinmochi's efforts to shield
374-484: The emperor promulgated on 11 February 1889, briefly mentioned the Privy Council in Chapter 4, Article 56: "The Privy Councilors shall, in accordance with the provisions for the organization of the Privy Council, deliberate upon important matters of State when they have been consulted by the Emperor." The Privy Council consisted of a chairman, a vice chairman (non-voting), twelve (later expanded to twenty-four) councilors,
396-562: The monarch's position in Japanese society and policymaking. After victory in World War I, Makino was appointed to be one of Japan's ambassador plenipotentiaries to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, headed by the elder statesman, Marquis Saionji. At the conference, he and other members of the delegation put forth a Racial Equality Proposal . It won the majority of votes, but was vetoed by the chairman, President Woodrow Wilson . Even after his retirement in 1935, he remained
418-582: The politician Ichirō Hatoyama attempted to recruit him to the Liberal Party as its chairman. However, Makino declined for reasons of health and age. He died in 1949, and his grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo. Noted post-war Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida was Makino's son-in-law. One of his grandchildren Ken'ichi Yoshida was a literary scholar. The former Prime Minister, Tarō Asō ,
440-475: Was appointed Minister of Education under Prime Minister Saionji Kinmochi . While serving in the 1st Saionji Cabinet, he was elevated in rank to danshaku ( baron ) under the kazoku peerage system. When Saionji began his second term as Prime Minister on 30 August 1911, Makino again joined his Cabinet as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce . He was also appointed to serve on the Privy Council . Over
462-650: Was formed, but most of the players involved had returned to the Nihon Ki-in within a couple of years. Then in 1950, its western branch split away to form the Kansai Ki-in . The Nihon Ki-in organizes many tournaments for professional players. The major title tournaments include the Kisei , Meijin , Honinbo , Judan , Tengen , Gosei , and the Oza . There are also separate Honinbo, Meijin, and Kisei titles for women. (*): Kansai Ki-in player This Go -related article
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#1732798568132484-619: Was largely used to limit the power of the Imperial Diet . Modeled in part upon the British Privy Council , this body advised the Japanese Empire on matters including, but not limited to: The Privy Council had both judicial functions and certain executive functions. However, the council had no power to initiate legislation . To oversee new governmental developments, in 1871, three councils were created -
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