Misplaced Pages

#858141

18-549: Japanese Railways may refer to: Japanese Government Railways Japanese National Railways See also [ edit ] Japan Railways Group Japanese railway signals Nippon Railway Rail transport in Japan Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Japanese Railways . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

36-547: The Chosen Government Railway respectively - and were not part of JGR. While the JGR was the only major operator of intercity railways after the railways were nationalized in 1906–1907, privately owned regional railways were also active. The gauge used for Japanese railways was 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) (narrow gauge) other than some minor exceptions (184.2 km (114.5 mi) total in

54-592: The Japan Development Bank , were sources of long-term investment funds and instrumental in shaping the pattern of industry, especially in the early postwar period. Because public corporations also added revenue to the national budget and were, theoretically, self-financing they required little from the government in the way of financial support. They also provided employment for retired bureaucrats. The reemployment of retired bureaucrats as advisers to these corporations as well as to many private-sector firms

72-555: The Japanese economy is largely based on private enterprise, it has a number of government-owned (public) corporations , which are more extensive and, in some cases, different in function from what exists in the United States . In 1988 there were ninety-seven public corporations, reduced from 111 in the early 1980s as a result of administrative reforms. Public companies at the national level were normally affiliated with one of

90-447: The economic ministries , although the extent of direct management and supervision varied. The government divided the national-level corporations into several categories. The first included the main public service and monopoly corporations: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation , Japanese National Railways , and Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation (now Japan Tobacco ). However, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation

108-605: The Board of Tourist Industry ( 国際観光局 , Kokusai Kankō Kyoku ) as a section of the Japanese Government Railways (Ministry of Railways). The Board printed and distributed picture posters and English guidebooks overseas and encouraged development of resort hotels at home. The Board was dissolved in 1942, following the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941. Japanese public corporations Although

126-621: The central government of Japan from 1872 to 1949 notwithstanding the official English name of the system of each era. By the end of World War II in 1945, the Japanese Government Railways operated on the main Japanese islands of Honshū , Hokkaidō , Kyūshū , Shikoku and Karafuto . The railways in Taiwan and Korea were operated by the local Governor-General Offices - the Taiwan Government-General Railway and

144-434: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Railways&oldid=809785827 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Japanese Government Railways The English name "Japanese Government Railways"

162-400: The operating department generally mean "department (or office, section, agency) of railways" or like. Since opening in 1872, the railway set fares for passengers in three classes. The transportation of freight was charged based on weight and class of goods. In 1872, passengers could choose from Upper, Middle and Lower classes, which were later renamed as First, Second and Third classes. Freight

180-480: The peak years of 1936-38 ) of 762 mm ( 2 ft 6 in ) gauge lines being used. The first railway in Japan was operated by the imperial government in 1872. The idea of centralization of the railway was promoted under the idea of "breaking down of the geographical barriers that existed in the feudal communities which hindered the centralization of authority". Placing the railways under government control

198-589: Was also possible to ship them via futsubin (regularly-scheduled trains) and kyukobin (express trains). "It may, therefore, be fairly said that the freight rates of the State-owned railways in Japan are of absolute uniformity." As Japan is an island nation, it was noted that ocean-going vessels are a major source of competition for the freight business of the railway. The railway invested heavily in methods to reduce coal consumption in steam locomotives; between 1920 and 1936, coal consumption per kilometer traveled

SECTION 10

#1732790762859

216-556: Was for military and political ends; the government had no intention for the central railway to be operated as a "model enterprise". Early shareholders of the railway were members of the nobility, holding "the major portion of (the) capital". The governmental system was largely expanded by the promulgation of the Railway Nationalization Act in 1906. In 1920, the Ministry of Railways was established. In 1949, JGR

234-713: Was formed out of the former government-run postal services, but privatization is still pending and a major issue in Japanese politics . Other categories of corporations included those charged with special government projects, loans and finance, and special types of banking. Local public corporations were involved with utilities. Public corporations benefited the economy in several ways. Some, like Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation before privatization, were important sources of technology development funds or centers around which private industry could cluster. Others provided vital public services that private industry would find impossible to finance. The development banks, particularly

252-490: Was privatized in 1985, and the Japanese National Railways in 1987, and Japan Tobacco and Salt Corporation in 1988. The second category included the major development corporations devoted to housing, agriculture, highways, water resources, ports, energy resources, and urban development projects. The Japanese Highway operators were changed into public-owned private corporations in 2005. In 2003, Japan Post

270-452: Was reduced by about a quarter. The government mandated the use of automatic couplers on all cars on the system in July 1925. The system was transitioning from vacuum brakes to air brakes at this time, with most freight cars equipped with air brakes by April 1927. One of the roles of the Japanese Government Railways was to attract foreign tourists to Japan. In 1930, the government created

288-480: Was reorganized to become a state-owned public corporation named the Japanese National Railways . Before the establishment of the Japanese National Railways as a public corporation on June 1, 1949, the Japanese Government Railways were operated by the governmental agencies. The table below shows the historical operators of the JGR. Translated names of ministries may not be official. Names of

306-406: Was shipped using one of five rates based on 100 kin of product. A 1923 review of the shipping tariffs further explained that goods are divided into three shipping classes (according to the ways in which they are to be handled by the railway): koguchi atsukai (goods in small lots), kashikini atsukai (goods for a reserved freight car) and tokushu atsukai (goods requiring special treatment). It

324-416: Was what the Ministry of Railways (established in 1920) used to call its own "Ministry Lines" ( 省線 , shōsen ) and sometimes the ministry itself as a railway operator. Other English names for the government railways include Imperial Japanese Government Railways and Imperial Government Railways , which were mainly used prior to the establishment of the ministry. This article covers the railways operated by

#858141