The Japanese Village , known in Thai as Ban Yipun or Muban Yipun ( หมู่บ้านญี่ปุ่น ; Japanese : アユタヤ日本人町 , romanized : Ayutaya Nihonjin-machi ), was a historic Japanese ethnic enclave ( nihonmachi ) just outside the capital city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom that flourished from the 17th century to the mid-18th century, now in the area of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District . It was located on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya river , facing the Portuguese enclave on the western bank, and adjacent to the British and Dutch enclaves. It is believed that approximately 1000 to 1,500 Japanese lived in the enclave (excluding native slaves and indentured servants such as the Tai ), though the Japanese book Shamu-koku fūdo gunki (暹羅国風土軍記) estimates there were up to 8,000 ethnic Japanese during the Kan'ei period (1624–1644). The inhabitants of the enclave consisted of mercenaries , traders, Japanese Christians, and Thai and Chinese slaves.
30-625: Japanese Village may refer to: Japanese Village (Ayutthaya) , a former settlement and museum in Ayutthaya, Thailand Japanese Village (Dugway Proving Ground) , a US Army weapons test facility Japanese Village, Knightsbridge , a 1885–1887 exhibition in Knightsbridge, London Japanese Village and Deer Park , a defunct amusement park in Buena Park, California Japanese Village Plaza ,
60-585: A unicameral city council of 52 members. Sakai contributes eight members to the Osaka Prefectural Assembly . In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Osaka 15th district, Osaka 16th district and Osaka 17th districts of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . Sakai has seven wards ( ku ): Sakai was traditionally dependent on heavy industry and its port. However, after
90-546: A clash between French sailors and Japanese gendarmes resulting in multiple casualties. When the Western powers demanded the opening of Osaka a port for foreign trade, both Sakai and Hyōgo were named as candidates; however, Sakai's proximity and ease of access to Kyoto and the presence of many imperial tombs led to the selection of Hyōgo. Following the Meiji restoration , Sakai was transformed into an industrial center as part of
120-542: A desperate battle against his army. Most citizens fled and Sakai was burned and seized by Nobunaga. After the assassination of Nobunaga in 1582, Toyotomi Hideyoshi , seized power and abolished the autonomous system of Sakai, forcing many merchants to move to his stronghold in Osaka. In 1615, Sakai was razed to the ground in the summer campaign of the Siege of Osaka between the Toyotomi clan and Tokugawa Ieyasu . Sakai
150-456: A major influx of Japanese immigrants. Portuguese gun corps were usually hired, but Portuguese mercenaries usually balked as the Toungoo had also hired a Portuguese corps. This dilemma was resolved by hiring Japanese mercenaries. The Japanese mercenaries grew into the hundreds, about 200-800, and they began to grow powerful politically as well. The power of these Japanese corps can be seen in
180-472: A monument in remembrance. A Japanese guide is stationed at a travel agency to use this park for package tour courses. The museum displays a small number of books sent from Japan during the Edo period, along with other artifacts. 14°19′58″N 100°34′39″E / 14.33278°N 100.57750°E / 14.33278; 100.57750 Sakai Sakai ( Japanese : 堺市 , Hepburn : Sakai-shi )
210-500: A particularly large portion of the settlement in response to the Shogunate's persecution of Christians , as Ayutthaya had very little religious restriction. Portuguese missionary António Francisco Cardim , who visited the community, said to have performed sacraments to around 400 Japanese Christians in 1627. In 1629, King Prasat Thong attempted to cut back on Japanese influence by changing trade regulations. Yamada Nagamasa, who
240-571: A period of high economic growth after World War II, along with the development and expansion of the Osaka metropolitan area, Sakai also has increasingly become a satellite city ( commuter town ) for Osaka metropolis, as represented by the development of Senboku New Town. Shimano , a major manufacturer of cycling and fishing products, is based in Sakai. Kura Sushi , the conveyor belt sushi chain, has its headquarters in Sakai. Sakai has 98 public elementary schools and 43 public middle schools operated by
270-402: A port for foreign trade. It was a leading producer of textiles and ironwork. In those days, it was said that the richest cities were Umi no Sakai, Riku no Imai (tr. "along the sea, Sakai; inlands, Imai"; the latter is now a part of Kashihara, Nara ). The famous Zen Buddhist priest Ikkyū chose to live in Sakai because of its free atmosphere. The first reliable account of the city is dated to
300-551: A shopping area in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles See also [ edit ] List of villages in Japan Nihonmachi , Japanese communities in early modern East and Southeast Asia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Japanese Village . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
330-634: Is 16.5 °C (61.7 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,232.9 mm (48.54 in) with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 28.6 °C (83.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.6 °C (42.1 °F). According to Japanese census data, the population of Sakai increased rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s, and has been relatively stable since. The area that would later become known as Sakai has been inhabited since approximately 8,000 BC. Sakai
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#1732775382404360-498: Is a city located in Osaka Prefecture , Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the medieval era. Sakai is known for its kofun , keyhole-shaped burial mounds dating from the fifth century. The kofun in Sakai include the largest grave in the world by area, Daisen Kofun . Once known for swords , Sakai is now famous for the quality of its cutlery . As of 1 January 2022 ,
390-679: Is known for its keyhole-shaped burial mounds, or kofun , which date from the 5th century. The largest of these, Daisen Kofun, is believed to be the grave of the Emperor Nintoku and is the largest grave in the world by area. During the Kofun period between 300 and 500 AD, the Mozu Tumulus Cluster was built from over one hundred burial mounds. The name "Sakai" appears in Fujiwara Sadoyori's poetry by 1045. Most of
420-691: The Grand Palace 's Weapon Museum in Bangkok . In return, Japan bought pottery, pelts (including deer ), shark skin , and betel leaf, a spice. Pelts, in particular, were the largest exported good to Japan; in the early Edo period , more than 200,000 animal skin products were shipped to Japan. The Japanese were noted by the Dutch for challenging the trade monopoly of the Dutch East India Company later on. Japanese Christians made up
450-535: The Hanshin Industrial Region , with industries centering on textiles and brick making. From 1876 to 1881, Sakai was part of Nara Prefecture . The city of Sakai was proclaimed on April 1, 1889, with the creation the modern municipalities system. It was one of the first 31 cities to be created in Japan. The 1934 Muroto typhoon killed over 300 people in Sakai. Another major disaster was in 1945, when
480-524: The Sengoku Jidai , ronin ( samurai without masters or lords) began migrating en masse out of Japan and into Southeast Asia after Ming China 's ban on Sino-Japanese trade and travel, hitting its peak following the climactic Battle of Sekigahara . The Kingdom of Ayutthaya, suffering military defeats from the neighboring Burmese Toungoo Empire , hoped to hire these Japanese samurai that had adequate military experience as mercenaries, which led to
510-707: The Three Seals Law , an important Ayutthayan legal code: Japanese mercenaries usually occupied the third-highest rank in the Siamese feudal system, the Phraya rank. Yamada Nagamasa was one such Phraya who had earned his title for his skill in martial arts and drew the admiration of King Songtham . Aside from the militaristic backgrounds of the Japanese community in Ayutthaya, there was also development between Japan and other Southeast Asian nations in terms under
540-442: The 1480s and contains publicly issued legal notices, which suggests that the city had a governing council at that point. By the 1530s, the population was around 40,000 residents, almost all of which earned a living through commercial enterprises and some of whom were the wealthiest people in Japan. At this time, Sakai was administered by an oligarchy of powerful merchants. The government had ten divisions machi that were subordinate to
570-527: The Japanese began to work as brokers or tin merchants (which was abundant in South Thailand). The revived Ban Yipun is said to have existed well into the 18th century, though both the settlement and its inhabitants gradually assimilated into the Thai population. There are no remnants of Japanese buildings in the current site of Ban Yipun, though in its place is a memorial park with a small museum and
600-491: The city government. The city also has one private elementary school, three private combined middle/high schools and one private combined elementary/middle/high school. The city has 23 public high schools operated by the Osaka Prefectural Board of Education, and four private high schools. The city operates two and the prefecture operates four special education schools for the disabled. The city previously had
630-430: The city had an estimated population of 819,965, making it the fourteenth most populous city in Japan (excluding Tokyo). Sakai is located in southern Osaka Prefecture, on the edge of Osaka Bay and directly south of the city of Osaka . Osaka Prefecture Sakai has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Sakai
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#1732775382404660-510: The city was heavily bombed on six occasions during World War II with over 1800 civilian deaths. Following the February 2005 annexation of the town of Mihara (from Minamikawachi District ), Sakai became a designated city in April 2006 giving it a greater measure of self-determination in governmental affairs. Sakai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and
690-482: The current city is located within ancient Izumi Province ; however, the wards of Mihara, Higashi and a portion of Kita are located within ancient Kawachi Province . Tradition holds that 10,000 homes burned to the ground in 1399. Medieval Sakai was an autonomous city run by merchant oligarchs. During the Muromachi and Sengoku periods from about 1450 to 1600, Sakai developed into one of richest cities in Japan as
720-400: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Village&oldid=1029934208 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Japanese Village (Ayutthaya) During the turbulent political landscape of
750-745: The nearby Khmer Empire . In 1633, some 400 Japanese were able to re-establish the settlement in Ayutthaya. The shogun issued the Sakoku Ordinance to the Nagasaki bugyō (officials that were in charge of Japanese affairs in Southeast Asia), which prohibited people from immigrating to Southeast Asia, and ordering expatriate Japanese to move back to Japan. This ordnance was issued out of fear of international conflict. As new travels were cut off, Japanese influence and their numbers diminished as well. Having lost their military and power status,
780-580: The representative council of wealthy townsmen known as the egōshū . Sen no Rikyū , known as the greatest master of the tea ceremony , was originally a merchant of Sakai. Because of the close relationship between the tea ceremony and Zen Buddhism and because of the prosperity of its citizens, Sakai was one of the main centers of the tea ceremony in Japan. In the Sengoku period, Christian missionaries, including Francis Xavier in 1550, visited Sakai and documented its prosperity. Gaspar Vilela described
810-438: The success of the red seal ship system. Under King Ekathotsarot , who had a notably large Japanese regiment, a port was built in the enclave to facilitate trade. Due to Ayutthaya's demand for Japanese mercenaries and weaponry, large quantities of swords were imported from the famous swordsmithing region of Sakai , who were in turn modified into more familiar Thai-style swords and spears. Many of these swords are now on display in
840-516: The town as the safest place in the area when he visited in 1561. He also mentioned that the city was "governed by consuls like Venice in Italy". After the coming of Europeans, Sakai became a manufacturing base of matchlock firearms and a daimyō , Oda Nobunaga , was one of their important customers. During his ambitious attempt to unify Japan, Nobunaga attempted to take the autonomy privilege from Sakai. Sakai's citizens denied his order and pitched
870-630: Was restored as an important trade center during the Edo period but was involved only in inland trade due to the sakoku policy of the Tokugawa shogunate , which isolated Japan from the outside world. It was also known for its sake brewing and its cutlery industries. After the isolation policy was abandoned during the Bakumatsu period , Sakai was the location of the Sakai Incident , involving
900-433: Was the leader of Ban Yipun at the time and opposed Prasat Thong's coronation, was sent away to be the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat after seeing the strong opposition of his power by other Siamese officials. The settlement saw a very dramatic end in 1630 when Nagamasa was assassinated, the settlement was burned, and residents were killed by Sheikh Ahmad , under the pretense of "rebellious activity". Many Japanese fled into
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