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60-553: The Jardine Scholarship is a full scholarship offered by Jardines for study at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge . It is considered among the world's most prestigious and selective international scholarship programs alongside the Rhodes Scholarship. It was established in 1982 to commemorate the company's 150th anniversary and was founded with the objective of developing future leaders, who would give back to

120-676: A 50% interest in Maxim's, Hong Kong's leading restaurant chain. Jardine Strategic has a 78% shareholding in Dairy Farm. As of 8 March 2012 , Dairy Farm owned 70% of the shares of Lucky Group, the largest grocery mall operator in Cambodia. Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group is an international hotel investment and management company operating deluxe and first class hotels and residences in city and resort destinations around

180-643: A full range of automobile and motorcycle products in partnerships with companies which include Toyota, Daihatsu, Isuzu, UD Trucks, Peugeot and BMW for automobiles, and Honda for motorcycles. Astra also has a strong presence in the automotive component sector through its subsidiary PT Astra Otoparts Tbk. In addition, Astra has interests in financial services; heavy equipment and mining; agribusiness; infrastructure and logistics; and information technology. In financial services, Astra's businesses provide financial products and services to support its automotive, heavy equipment sales, and general and life insurance. Henry Keswick,

240-676: A major influence in the First and Second Opium Wars although the company stopped this trading in 1870 to pursue a broad range of other trading interests including shipping, railways, textiles and property development. William arrived in China and Hong Kong in 1855, the first of five generations of the Keswick family to be associated with Jardines. He established a Jardine Matheson office in Yokohama, Japan in 1859. He returned to Hong Kong to become

300-641: A number of well-known local brands. It has a significant presence in Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Indonesia, and a growing presence in China, India and Vietnam. Dairy Farm operates supermarkets under the banners of Wellcome, Jasons, Shop N Save, Cold Storage, Hero, Yonghui, and MarketPlace; hypermarkets under the Giant brand; health and beauty stores under Mannings and Guardian; IKEA furniture stores in Hong Kong, Macau, Indonesia, and Taiwan; as well as 7-Eleven convenience stores. The group also has

360-615: A partner of the firm in 1862. He became managing partner (Taipan) from 1874 to 1886. He left Hong Kong in 1886 to work with Matheson & Co. in London as a senior director responsible only to Sir Robert Jardine (1825–1905), a son of David Jardine, William Jardine's older brother and the head of Mathesons in London. He spent three spells on the Legislative and Executive Councils of Hong Kong between 1868 and 1887. William represented Epsom , Surrey, as Member of Parliament from 1899 and

420-640: A presence since 1926. JC&C has an interest of just over 50% in Astra, a listed Indonesian conglomerate and the largest independent automotive group in Southeast Asia, as well as other motor interests in the region. Together with its subsidiaries and associates, Jardine Cycle & Carriage employs 250 000 across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Thailand. Jardine Cycle & Carriage operates in Singapore, Malaysia, and Myanmar under

480-597: A relationship with another prominent Scottish family, the Flemings , of which the author Ian Fleming was also a member. From 1970 until 1998, Jardine Matheson operated a pan-Asian investment banking joint venture, Jardine Fleming , with Robert Fleming & Co. , a London merchant bank controlled by the Fleming family. In 2000, Jardine Fleming and Robert Fleming & Co. were sold to JP Morgan Chase . Keswick family As tai-pans of Jardine Matheson & Company,

540-521: A separately assigned topic. The final interview is with the Scholarship Committee, typically a panel of eight or more experts. Former chairmen of the Scholarship Committee include Duncan Robinson , Sir Ivor Roberts and Geoffrey Grimmett . The Jardine Foundation specifies four standards against which applicants are to be judged: The scholarship covers full tuition fees, college fees, an annual stipend, insurance, and return airfare from

600-586: A significant stake in Indonesia's leading supermarket group Hero . Hotel brand Mandarin Oriental also embarked on a strategy to double its available rooms and improve returns. The first decade of the new millennium saw Jardine Cycle & Carriage acquire an initial 31% stake in Astra International , which has since been increased to just over 50%. Hongkong Land became a Group subsidiary for

660-441: A wholly owned subsidiary. Jardines today comprises a group of companies with extensive operations across Asia and, through some of its businesses, the world. The firm's business interests include Jardine Pacific , Jardine Motors , Hongkong Land , Dairy Farm , Mandarin Oriental , Jardine Cycle & Carriage , through which its interest in Astra is held. The Group also has strategic interests in other entities. Jardine Pacific

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720-415: Is a Fortune Global 500 company. In 2013, both Jardine Matheson and Jardine Strategic were among the top 200 publicly traded companies in the world, as valued by market capitalisation . The firm of Jardine, Matheson & Company emerged in 1832 from an evolving process of partnership changes in the trading business Cox & Reid, a partnership established in 1782 between John Cox and John Reid ,

780-512: Is a holding company which represents a significant number of the Group's non-listed interests in Asia, principally in engineering and construction, transport services, restaurants and IT services. These include a number of Jardines’ long-standing businesses such as Jardine Engineering Corporation (JEC), Jardine Aviation Services , Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals , Jardine Schindler (joint-venture with

840-571: Is active in the sales and service of motor vehicles in Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China and the United Kingdom. Subsidiary Zung Fu, which has held the Mercedes-Benz luxury vehicle franchise in Hong Kong for over 50 years, has achieved one of the highest market penetrations in the world for the luxury brand and ranks among its top international performers. The group also represents Smart and Hyundai passenger cars in Hong Kong. Zung Fu

900-534: Is expanding its presence across the growing market of Southern China where it is actively developing a network of Mercedes-Benz dealerships. In the United Kingdom, Jardine Motors is one of the country's largest retail dealership groups with a portfolio of specialist franchises that includes Aston Martin, Audi and Volkswagen, Jaguar and Land Rover, Mercedes Benz and Porsche. Hongkong Land is an Asian property investment, management and development group. Established in Hong Kong in 1889 by Sir Paul Chater and William Keswick,

960-497: Is limited also to the countries in which Jardine Matheson has a significant presence; these include Hong Kong , Mainland China , Singapore , Indonesia , Thailand , Vietnam , Cambodia , Malaysia , Myanmar , the Philippines , and Taiwan . The application process involves both interviews and tests. There are typically two rounds of interviews and two timed essay exams, the latter on the applicant's career aspirations and on

1020-541: The Jardine Scholarship in 1982 and Mindset, a mental health-focused charity, in 2002. Jardines was one of the original Hong Kong trading houses or Hongs that date back to Imperial China . 58 percent of the company's profits were earned in China in 2019. The company is controlled by the Keswick family , who are descendants of co-founder William Jardine's older sister, Jean Johnstone. Jardine Matheson

1080-488: The Keswick family , who are direct descendants of William Jardine's sister Jean through the marriage of her daughter to Thomas Keswick, father of William Keswick , an early Tai-pan of the firm. While the leadership of Jardines is Scottish, the firm is international in its dealings. The staff of Jardines is predominantly Asian, with senior management levels composed of a mixture of British, Chinese, Indonesians, Europeans, Australians and Americans. The Keswicks have maintained

1140-610: The Qing dynasty the next year, and demolished the next year. In the early decades of the 20th century, Jardines built cotton mills, a press packing plant, and a brewery in Shanghai while expanding into Africa, America, and Australia. When war came to China in 1937 , the firm suffered heavily both in Hong Kong and in mainland China. After the 1949 foundation of the People's Republic of China, trading conditions for foreign companies under

1200-537: The Schindler Group which evolved from JEC's earlier appointment as Schindler 's sole Hong Kong representative), Gammon Construction as well as more contemporary interests that reflect the demands of Asian consumers; among them Pizza Hut restaurants in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam and Myanmar, KFC franchises in Hong Kong (not part of Yum China or Yum Brands ), Macau and Taiwan. Pizza Hut and KFC operations are under Jardine Restaurant Group. Jardine Motors

1260-579: The 'east coast of England' [a reference to Cambridge] I do feel that men from north of the border are the most suitable for our routine business... I am very keen on keeping the Scottish entity of the Firm. But I hope I have not conveyed that I have swung against the University man... I merely consider that he must be aided and abettered by the solid, plodding type from Scotland." Jardines is controlled by

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1320-546: The 1997 handover of Hong Kong , in 1990 Jardine Matheson Holdings and four other listed group companies arranged primary share listings on the London Stock Exchange in addition to their Hong Kong listings. Other significant developments during this decade included the merging of Jardine Insurance Brokers with Lloyd Thompson to form Jardine Lloyd Thompson , the acquisition of a 16% interest in Singapore blue-chip Cycle & Carriage and Dairy Farm ’s purchase of

1380-678: The British Treasury since May 2010, joined Jardine Matheson as an executive board member in January 2013. This appointment brought together members of two great Asian trading dynasties, since Jardine Matheson and the Sassoon family were rivals in the 19th century when they competed to open up and grow trade in Hong Kong and China. He retired on 9 April 2020. Until 1936, principles of staff recruitment remained Scottish first, Oxbridge second. W. J. Keswick said: "With all due deference to

1440-834: The Cambridge Commonwealth, European & International Trust and Gadjah Mada University . Jardine Matheson Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited (also known as Jardines ) is a Hong Kong –based, Bermuda -domiciled British multinational conglomerate . It has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and secondary listings on the Singapore Exchange and Bermuda Stock Exchange . The majority of its business interests are in Asia, and its subsidiaries include Jardine Pacific, Jardine Motors , Hongkong Land , Jardine Strategic Holdings , DFI Retail Group , Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group , Jardine Cycle & Carriage and Astra International . It set up

1500-527: The Cycle & Carriage banner. The group represents some of the world's best-known motoring marques including Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Honda and Kia. Jardine Strategic has a 72% shareholding in Jardine Cycle & Carriage. Astra is Southeast Asia's largest independent automotive diversified business group with seven primary businesses in Indonesia. Operating predominantly in Indonesia, it is a provider of

1560-458: The Japanese took the city, escaping with his wife Clare to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and served during the war with Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten 's staff. John Keswick returned to Shanghai after the war to organise in the rebuilding of Jardine's office and to reestablish the firm's trading links throughout China and Asia. In 1949, after the communist party's takeover of China, Jardine's head office

1620-854: The Keswick family have at some time been closely associated with the ownership or management of the HSBC , the Indo-China Steam Navigation Company Ltd. , the Canton Insurance Office Ltd, (now the HSBC Insurance Co), The Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company Limited , Star Ferry , Hong Kong Tramway , the Hong Kong Land Investment and Agency Co Ltd, and the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Co Ltd . The founder of

1680-644: The Legislative and Executive Councils in Hong Kong and of the Shanghai Municipal Council responsible for Shanghai's International Settlement . They were also Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Chamber of Commerce at various times. When William and his father Henry Keswick returned to the United Kingdom they both served as members of parliament with responsibility for Far Eastern interests. "Tony" Keswick

1740-462: The London merchant bank, Hambros . He was the chairman of English football club Arsenal F.C. Young Henry's youngest brother, Simon Keswick , born 1942, joined the firm in 1962 and became a director in 1972 but left Jardines in 1977 to join his brother at Matheson & Co. He returned to join Jardines again in 1983 as senior managing director and then chairman after his father managed to remove

1800-944: The New York office of Jardines. The first gap in the long line of continuous association with Hong Kong occurred when he returned home to represent Hong Kong at the coronation of King George V in 1911. He did return to Hong Kong and the Far East in his yacht " Cutty Sark " in 1922. He remained a director of Jardines until his death in 1928. Like his father, Henry served as M.P. for Epsom, Surrey, and on his death left UK estate valued at £466,409, worth approximately £46 million at 2014 values . He married Ida Wynifred Johnston and had 3 children, David Johnston, Sir William Johnston "Tony" Keswick and Sir John Henry Keswick KCMG. The next family members to be associated with Hong Kong and Shanghai were Henry's sons "Tony" and John Keswick. As well as being directors of Jardines they served as members of

1860-527: The Philippines. Prior to becoming "Taipan", Weatherall was chief executive officer of Hongkong Land. Ben Keswick, son of Simon, born 1972, joined the board in April 2007. He was group managing director of Jardine Cycle & Carriage. He joined the group in 1998 and held positions in Dairy Farm and Hongkong Land before taking an MBA at INSEAD. In 2003, he was appointed finance director of Jardine Pacific, and

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1920-480: The United Kingdom and the United States laying the groundwork for the foundation of Jardine Insurance Brokers. By 1980, the firm had operations in southern Africa, Australia, China, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, as well as the United States, and employed 37,000 people. After re-domiciling to Bermuda in 1984 ahead of

1980-843: The buy-out and then public flotation of Jardine Matheson. He was married in 1940 to the Roman Catholic, Clare Elwes (1905–1998), youngest child of the tenor Gervase Elwes . Their only child was Margaret, known as Maggie Keswick , gardener and author (1941–1995), who founded Maggie's Centres for those suffering from cancer. She had two children with her husband, the landscape architect Charles Jencks , whom she had married in 1978, as his 2nd wife. (Charles Jencks remarried in 2006 Louisa Lane-Fox, former wife of historian Robin Lane Fox and mother of Martha Lane Fox , Baroness Lane-Fox of Soho). Tony Keswick's son, Young Henry , born 1938 as Henry Neville Lindley Keswick, joined Jardines in 1961 and

2040-480: The cession of Hong Kong under the 1842 Treaty of Nanking , the firm, by then named Jardine, Matheson & Company, set up its headquarters on the island and grew rapidly, smuggling illegal opium from British-controlled India into China. Jardine Matheson has been called the "most successful opium smuggling company in the world". Both Jardine and Matheson became members of Parliament in Britain, and Matheson also bought

2100-461: The company's Tai-pan from 1970 (aged 31) to 1975 and the 6th Keswick to be Tai-pan of the company, is chairman emeritus. His brother, Simon, was the company's Tai-pan from 1983 to 1988 and was the 7th Keswick to be Tai-pan. Both brothers are the 4th generation of Keswicks in the company. The 5th generation of Keswicks are also active within the organisation. Ben Keswick, son of Simon, is executive chairman of Jardine Matheson Group and from 2012 to 2021

2160-600: The company. Percy Weatherall (born 1957) or Edward Percy Keswick Weatherall, is a great grandson of Henry Keswick (1870–1928). He was managing director of the Jardine Matheson Group from 2000 to 31 March 2006 having joined the board in 1999. Weatherall joined the Jardine Group in 1976 and worked in a number of senior executive positions in Hong Kong, the US, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Korea and

2220-875: The crises leading to the Pacific War , and survived a murder attempt by the Japanese in Shanghai. During the Pacific War, he served as head of the China Theatre of the Special Operations Executive , Britain's wartime secret service. John Keswick followed his brother to the far east in 1929 and replaced him in Shanghai after the shooting incident. Like his brother, John Keswick worked for the Special Operations Executive (SOE) alongside Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek 's spy chief General Dai Li in Chongqing. He fled Shanghai when

2280-587: The dynasty, William Keswick was born in 1834, in Dumfriesshire in the Scottish Lowlands . His grandmother, Jean Jardine Johnstone was an older sister of Dr. William Jardine , the founder of Jardine Matheson & Company His father Thomas Keswick had married Margaret Johnstone, Jardine's niece and daughter of Jean, and entered the Jardine business. The company operated as opium traders and had

2340-425: The entire Scottish island of Lewis , clearing over 500 families off the land and shipping them to Canada in order to build Lews Castle . Continuing its longstanding trade in smuggled opium , tea, and cotton, the firm diversified into other areas including insurance, shipping, and railways. By the mid-19th century, the company had become the largest of the hongs or foreign trading conglomerates with offices in all

2400-474: The firm has focused more on consolidation of existing properties. Contrary to public perception of the firm avoiding investing into mainland China, preferring instead to seek profits in Southeast Asia, its subsidiary Hongkong Land spent 4.4 billion dollars buying a plot of land in Shanghai which, according to Jonathan Galligan of CLSA , signifies its commitment to doing business in mainland China. Moreover, according to informal calculations by Bloomberg , in 2019

2460-569: The first time following a multi-year programme of steady open market purchases while Jardine Pacific raised its interest in Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited from 25% to 42%. In 2018, Jardines sold its 41% interest in Jardine Lloyd Thompson to Marsh and McLennan Companies . With the coming of a new generation of Keswick family leadership, diversification of assets has slowed down and

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2520-409: The former managing director David Newbigging . Keswick started the restructuring of the company becoming more international rather than tied to Hong Kong. He retired as Tai-pan in 1988 after seeing the firm's holding office redomiciled to Bermuda and restructuring the firm's senior management organisation. The family still owns considerable holdings in the company with a 5th generation working within

2580-497: The group today has property interests across the region. In Hong Kong, the group owns and manages approximately 9,140,000 square feet (850,000 m ) of prime commercial space in Central . In Singapore, it is helping to create the city-state's Central Business District with an expanding joint venture portfolio of new developments. In addition to commercial properties, Hongkong Land also develops residential properties in key cities around

2640-703: The important Chinese cities as well as Yokohama , Japan. One of its branch agencies, Glover and Co. , established in Nagasaki , was known in Japan as an arms dealer who contracted with then-rebel forces from Chōshū Domain who led the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Jardine Matheson invested in the first commercial railroad in China , the Wusong-Shanghai railroad . It was built in July 1876, bought by

2700-573: The latter having been agent of the Austrian trading company, Trieste Company . University of Edinburgh Medical School graduate William Jardine (1784–1843) joined the firm, by then having morphed through Cox & Beale, Beale & Company and Beale & Magniac into Magniac & Company, and the original partners long gone, in 1825 at the invitation of principal Hollingworth Magniac . University of Edinburgh graduate James Matheson joined three years later as Magniac prepared to retire. With

2760-502: The mid 1970s saw Jardine's buy Gammon Construction , the largest construction and civil engineering group on the island. A presence was re-established on the mainland in 1979 following China's reform and opening up and a year later the firm established the Beijing Air Catering, the first foreign joint venture in the country since 1954. During the 1970s Jardines also expanded their insurance interests with acquisitions in

2820-508: The new Communist regime became increasingly difficult. The firm listed in Hong Kong in 1961. The landmark Mandarin Hotel opened in Hong Kong in 1963 as the city's first five star hotel. In 1970, Jardine Fleming, the first merchant bank in Asia, opened for business while a real estate company and sugar plantations in Hawaii and the Philippines were acquired. A Hong Kong building boom in

2880-600: The region including Hong Kong, mainland China, Macau and Singapore where its subsidiary MCL Land is a significant property developer. Jardine Strategic has a 53% shareholding in Hongkong Land. DFI Retail Group traces its origins in Hong Kong back to the 19th century when it was involved in the production of dairy products and ice. Today the company is a leading pan-Asian retailer. The Dairy Farm group's retail operations range from grocery retail and health and beauty stores to convenience and home furnishings, operating under

2940-455: The share of company profits from mainland business ventures is the third largest at 255.4 million USD. All in all, as of 2021 the company's annual report states that 55% of its profits come from China, as opposed to 42% and 3% earned in Southeast Asia and the rest of the world respectively. Following a restructuring of the complex shareholding system designed to prevent a hostile takeover in 2021, Jardine Matheson consolidated Jardine Strategic as

3000-561: The societies in which Jardine Matheson operates. By 2018, 293 Jardine Scholarships had been awarded. The scholarship is available for study in only four colleges in the University of Oxford and four in the University of Cambridge , with some exceptions. These are Exeter College, Oxford , Oriel College, Oxford , The Queen's College, Oxford , Trinity College, Oxford , Trinity College, Cambridge , Magdalene College, Cambridge , Peterhouse, Cambridge and Downing College, Cambridge . It

3060-416: The students' country of origin. The scholarship has been valued at over $ 200,000. Upon acceptance, scholars are bound by a set of regulations, decided by the Scholarship Committee. Jardines maintains the network of scholars and offers them summer internships within the conglomerate, and hosts regular gatherings with alumni and senior management. Jardines' postgraduate scholarships are offered in partnership with

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3120-527: The world. The group's flagship hotel, Mandarin Oriental, Hong Kong, has been recognised as one of the world's leading hotels since shortly after its opening in 1963 along with the equally world-renowned Mandarin Oriental, Bangkok, previously known as The Oriental. Jardine Strategic has a 79% shareholding in Mandarin Oriental. Jardine Cycle & Carriage (JC&C) is an established Singapore-listed company where, as Cycle & Carriage, it has had

3180-415: Was Tai-pan. Adam Keswick, son of Sir Chips Keswick was Deputy managing director. The organizational structure of Jardines has changed fundamentally since its foundation, but the members of the family of Dr. William Jardine still have significant influence in the firm. As of 2021, the directors of Jardine Matheson Holdings were: Lord Sassoon , a former UBS Warburg banker who had been a junior minister in

3240-540: Was a member of the legislative council and chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in five spells between 1890 and 1900. He was Sir Harry Smith Parkes ' son-in-law and taipan of Jardine, Matheson from the 1890s to the turn of the century. He founded Hongkong Land together with close associate Sir Paul Chater, a development company established in 1889 which remained closely associated with Jardine Matheson. John Johnstone Jardine Keswick

3300-449: Was appointed the county's High Sheriff in 1898. He died at his home, Eastwick Park , Great Bookham, Surrey, on 9   March 1912. William had lived in the house since 1882 and on his death, it passed to his son Henry. J.J. Keswick , younger brother of William, arrived in the Far East in 1870 and remained for 26 years, mostly based in Hong Kong. Nicknamed, "James the bloody polite", a tribute to his personality. Like his brother, he

3360-431: Was assigned to the firm's offices in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. He was made a director in 1967, senior managing director in 1970 and chairman in 1972. He retired as senior managing director and chairman in 1975. He returned to London and is the current chairman of Jardine Matheson Holdings. Sir Chips Keswick , Tony Keswick's second son who was born in 1940, was not associated with Jardine Matheson but instead with

3420-566: Was based in Calcutta , where he headed Jardine Skinner & Co, with a fellow Scot as his business partner John (Skinner) Stewart. J.J.J. Keswick was also the chairman of the Rio Tinto Company (now Rio Tinto Group ) in the early years of the 20th century. He lived at Dormont, Lockerbie, Dumfries. Son of William, Henry Keswick arrived in Hong Kong in 1895 the year before his uncle James left. He had previously spent two years in

3480-597: Was born in Yokohama , Japan, but returned to England as a boy to attend Winchester School and Trinity College, Cambridge . He arrived in the Far East in 1926. Keswick and his brother remained directors of the firm after they had left the Far East. He was in charge of the Shanghai office (at that time the Head Office in the Far East) from 1935 until 1941. He was also chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council during

3540-442: Was its chief executive officer from 2005 to 2007. Ben Keswick became chairman and managing director (taipan) of Jardine Matheson Limited in April 2012. He also holds senior leadership positions in Cycle & Carriage Bintang and MCL Land; and a commissioner of Astra and United Tractors. Adam Keswick, born 1973, son of Chips, joined the board in April 2007. He is chief executive of Jardine Pacific and of Jardine Motors . After joining

3600-642: Was moved to Hong Kong. Despite attempting to work with the communists, business conditions became worse. Operations were closed in 1954 with the effective nationalisation of the company's interests and a $ 20m loss. John Keswick became a member of the Hong Kong Executive Council in 1952. He retired as Tai-pan in 1953 and joined Matheson & Co in 1956. He returned temporarily as non-executive chairman of Jardine Matheson in Hong Kong from 1970 to 1972. While in England, he and his brother financed

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