67-857: (Redirected from Jimmy Guthrie ) James Guthrie may refer to: Church [ edit ] James Guthrie (minister) (1612–1661), Scottish Presbyterian martyr, executed at the Restoration Entertainment [ edit ] James Guthrie (artist) (1859–1930), Scottish painter James Guthrie (conductor) (1914–1996), American conductor and newspaper executive James Guthrie (record producer) (born 1953), English recording engineer and record producer Jim Guthrie (singer-songwriter) , Canadian singer-songwriter Politics [ edit ] James Guthrie (Australian politician) (1872–1958), Australian Senator James Guthrie (Kentucky politician) (1792–1869), railroad president, Secretary of
134-529: A bodysnatching raid in 1830. There was also (now demolished) a large United Presbyterian Church at the West Port. The manse still stands, but is now a private residence. In 2015 Lauder's population was estimated by the National Records of Scotland as 1,803. Lauder is today strongly influenced by its proximity to Edinburgh as it is now considered to be close enough for people to commute into
201-620: A copy of John Brown's Apologeticall Relation of the Particular Sufferings of the Faithful Ministers and Professors of the Church of Scotland. Guthrie, the eldest son of the laird of Guthrie , Forfarshire, was born about 1612. He was educated at St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews , where he graduated with an MA , and became one of the regents , distinguished for his lectures on philosophy. At this time Guthrie
268-553: A donation to the Brethren of the Hospital at Lauder, in 1245 a chapter of the clergy of East Lothian met at Lauder, and between 1248 and 1252 Emericus is recorded as Rector of Lauder. Joseph Bain states that the de Morville's held one-third of half Lauder and Lauderdale for one knight's service. It would appear that de Morville's superiority did not extend over the entire valley of Lauderdale which, by his own demarcation recorded in
335-701: A garden area then bounded by the Free Kirk Manse and the County Police Station, close by the Easter Port. The road west from the town crossed the Midrow and passed Tower Yard, then passed by Lauder Mill. A continuation of the road went onwards to Chester Hill. It was not taken down until 1700. In 1837 "the new United Presbyterian manse was built on a site which was purchased, for £115, from Baillie [George] Lauder." Notable buildings in
402-486: A high-handedness which sealed his own fate. Middleton, who joined Charles II immediately on his landing on 23 June, took the lead in a project for a royalist army in the north. On 17 October Guthrie, by the " Western Remonstrance ", withdrew from the royalist cause; on 14 December he sent a letter to the general assembly at Perth denouncing Middleton as an enemy of the Covenant, and proposing his excommunication. Guthrie
469-548: A la langley en la terre de Meuros [Melrose] le quartior de Septembre en lan de grace MCCC et disneifme." Above the burgh of Lauder, abutting Lauder Moor and the boundaries of Wedale and the lands of Ladypart, were the lands of Alanshaws, granted to the monks of Melrose by Alan of Galloway , the Constable of Scotland . By 1500 these too were in the hands of the Lauders, probably by feu. The superiority of Ladypart remained in
536-668: A letter to the Commission of Assembly their dissatisfaction with the aforesaid Resolutions, they continued to preach against them and to denounce them as involving the nation in sin. For this they were cited to appear before the Committee of Estates at Perth, where Charles II was now holding his Court, and, having done so, they refused to acknowledge the King's right to interfere with them in the discharge of their ministerial functions. In 1650 Guthrie treated General John Middleton with
603-647: Is a town in the Scottish Borders in the historic county of Berwickshire . On the Southern Upland Way , the burgh lies 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Edinburgh , on the western edge of the Lammermuir Hills . Although Lauder sits in the valley of Leader Water, Watson notes that the names Lauder and Leader appear to be unconnected. In the earliest sources Lauder appears as Lawedder and Loweder . The name may be derived from
670-444: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages James Guthrie (minister) James Guthrie (c. 1612 – 1 June 1661), was a Scottish Presbyterian minister . Cromwell called him "the short man who would not bow." He was theologically and politically aligned with Archibald Johnston , whose illuminating 3 volume diaries were lost until 1896, and not fully published until 1940. He
737-528: Is the only old road in Scotland that is associated with the name of an individual person. The ancient settlement was further up the hills on the edge of the Moor. The present town of Lauder existed as a kirk-town in the time of David I (1124–53), or from in the latter half of the twelfth century. The town was once surrounded by walls with gates commonly referred to as 'ports'. Two major mills, which dated from
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#1732787886179804-784: The Chronicle of Melrose , stopped at the Lauder burn south of the town. This appears to be confirmed by the fact that a charter mentions Hugo de Morville possessing half of the mill of Lauder being the mill lands and rights south of the Lauder Burn, the other half being in the possession of the Lauder family. De Morville's inheritance passed to Alan of Galloway and later, to his daughter Ellen who had married Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester . Their daughter Margaret (d.1280) married William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby and in 1290 their son "the late Sir William de Ferrers, Knt.," (d.1287)
871-626: The Brittonic lǭwadr , meaning "washing or bathing place" ( Breton laouer ). Or else, Lauder may be named from a word related to Middle Welsh llawedrawr , "a heap of ruins". Below Lauder are the lands of Kedslie which were bounded on the west by a road called "Malcolm's rode", and it is thought this formed part of the Roman road known as Dere Street , which passed through Lauder. Hardie suggests that it had been reconditioned by Malcolm III for use in his almost constant warfare against England. It
938-685: The Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling where he remained for ten years. The origin of the dispute goes back to the year 1647, when, after difficult and intricate negotiations, Charles was delivered up to the English Parliament, and after an attempt to escape from Hampton Court was taken and committed as a prisoner to Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight . While there, a secret treaty
1005-645: The Marquis of Hamilton's expedition for the relief of the King from proving successful. The defeat of his army at Preston , while it extinguished the hopes of his party, widened the breach which had now been made in the once united ranks of the Covenanters . Two parties were formed, which regarded one another with unconcealed hostility: the Engagers , so called from the Engagement which Hamilton had made with
1072-420: The "resolutioners" was James Sharp , afterwards archbishop, whose arguments led Cromwell to refuse the plea of the "protesters" for a commission in their favour. Cromwell assured the "protesters" that he was "for monarchical government, and that in the person of the king"; yet there is no doubt that Guthrie's insistence on the king's rights injured his chances. The cause of the "protesters" was further weakened by
1139-446: The "western remonstrance" and the rejection of the king's ecclesiastical authority were, from a legal point of view, the most formidable charges. In the preparation of his defence he surprised his counsel by the accuracy of his knowledge of Scots law. The trial was not concluded until 11 April. Guthrie's closing appeal made a strong impression. Several members withdrew; but only Tweeddale spoke in his favour, proposing banishment in place of
1206-458: The 12th century, also served the town. With the introduction of the feudal system to Scotland by David I, a provincial Lordship of Regality of Lauderdale , had been created for the King's favourite, Hugh de Morville (who founded Dryburgh Abbey ), which covered an extensive amount of territory, although Thomson states that the family of de Lawedre were "there in the previous century." About 1170 Richard de Morville , Constable of Scotland, made
1273-536: The Church, forsaking the higher sphere, issued certain Resolutions, which were strenuously protested against by a large and influential minority. Such was the origin of the controversy between the Resolutioners and Protesters, which raged with unabated animosity for many years. Those in favour of the loosening of the conditions for fighting were known as Resolutioners, a name derived from their approval of
1340-401: The Committee of Estates the paper called The Western Remonstrance . (2) His contriving, writing, and publishing the abominable pamphlet called "The Causes of God's wrath." (3) His contriving, writing and subscribing the paper called "The Humble Petition," of the 23 of August last, when he was apprehended. (4) His convocating of the King's lieges at several times, without warrant or authority, to
1407-632: The Committee of Estates to repair to Perth, 19 February 1651, to answer for preaching against the Public Resolutions agreed to by Church and State in order to a levy, but they refused. He was deposed by the Assembly, 30 July following, for having joined in the Protestation against the lawfulness of that Assembly. He and others holding similar views thereupon formed a separate Church under the protection of Cromwell . Along with others of
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#17327878861791474-658: The Cross of Edinburgh on 1 June 1661. His head was placed on the Netherbow Port . The sentence of forfeiture was rescinded by Parliament 22 July 1690, and his skull, after being a public spectacle for about twenty-eight years, was removed by Alexander Hamilton, then a student at the university, who afterwards succeeded the Holy Rude Church in Stirling. From his determined support of Presbyterian principles, Guthrie
1541-657: The King; and the Remonstrants or strict Covenanters who were under the leadership of Warriston and Argyll . James Guthrie wanted the full force of the Covenants in national life in all parts of the kingdoms and opposed the Engagement and supporting the army which backed it; he became a Remonstrator. This breach was still further widened by an Act of the Scottish Parliament, known as the Act of Classes , which
1608-624: The Protesting brethren, having met in Edinburgh to draw up a congratulatory address and supplication to Charles II , he was seized and imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle 23 August 1660. His stipend was sequestrated 25 September, and he was removed to the prison of Dundee 20 October, from thence to Stirling and again to Edinburgh, where he was tried before Parliament, 25 May 1661, found guilty of treason, sentenced to death 28th, hanged at
1675-531: The Solemn League and Covenant. He preached before the Scottish Parliament on 10 January 1649, and on 16 January before the parliamentary commission for the visitation of the University of St. Andrews . Next month a movement was made for his removal to Edinburgh. He preached on 13 July before the parliamentary commission for the visitation of the University of Edinburgh . In November he was translated to
1742-550: The Treasury under President Franklin Pierce Jim Guthrie (politician) (born 1955), Idaho State Representative Sports [ edit ] Jimmy Guthrie (footballer) (1912–1981), Scottish footballer Jimmie Guthrie (1897–1937), motorcycle racer Jim Guthrie (racing driver) (born 1961), race car driver See also [ edit ] Guthrie (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
1809-728: The Westminster Abbey of Scotland: The monument marks Renwick's burial-place, being fixed to the wall close to the spot where criminals were interred. The Scottish parliament reversed the attainder on 22 July 1690. His name ("famous Guthrie's head") is commemorated in the rude lines on the "martyrs' monument" in Greyfriars Churchyard , Edinburgh. By his party he was called "Sickerfoot" ("Sure-foot"). Guthrie published: Posthumous publications of his work: Guthrie married Jane, daughter of Ramsay of Shielhill, who survived him, with an only son, William (who died on
1876-464: The acceptance of the military services of all but "obstinate" enemies of the covenant. Guthrie and his colleague, David Bennett , preached against this resolution. Summoned (19 February and 28 February) to Perth by the Committee of Estates to answer to the king for their conduct, they appeared, but, while acknowledging the king's civil authority, protested against his ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and declined to submit to what they called "a heighe prowoking
1943-513: The acknowledged leader. His ministerial supporters included David Dickson , Robert Baillie , and James Wood. Among the Protesters the most outstanding ministers were James Guthrie, Samuel Rutherfurd , Andrew Cant , Patrick Gillespie , and John Livingstone ; and, of the elders, Wariston and Sir John Cheisly; the two most strenuous fighters being Guthrie and Wariston. Samuel Rutherford is known to have stayed with Guthrie in Stirling. From
2010-401: The ancient family, although Windpark/Wyndepark (which overlooked Thirlestane Castle) and its Pele Tower remained in the hands of John Lauder of Winepark and Carolside (near Earlston ), until about 1750. Near to the old Crown Fort stood the ancient parish church of St. Mary (a dependency of Dryburgh Abbey ). In a Writ of c1217 an "Everardus" is recorded as pastor of Laweder, and in 1245 there
2077-608: The army. Following this reply the Parliament on 23 December 1650 passed its "Act of Levy" which in a contra-Gideon-like manner, expanded the list of those who would be allowed to fight. By and by, when the Engagers returned to power, the Act of Classes was repealed, and a new army was levied which, to a large extent, was officered and filled by men who were regarded as unfaithful to the Covenant. In favour of this proceeding, however,
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2144-773: The castle. In 1548 the fort was occupied and strengthened by Somerset, the Protector, and garrisoned by Sir Hugh Willoughby 'in the end of winter and beginning of spring'. After a minor siege with French cannon, it was evacuated on 22 March 1550. The following year John Haitlie in Fawns and William Haitlie in Redpath (near Earlston ) were arrested for "treasonably supplying the English in the Castle of Lauder, thereby enabling them to hold out longer." The Crown which had in any case abandoned
2211-720: The cause of the National Covenant . He was a member of the General Assembly from 1644 to 1651; in the first year he received (15 May) £15 towards the expenses of his attendance from the Kirk session of Stow , Midlothian . In 1646 he was one of seven commissioners appointed by the Committee of Estates to wait on Charles I at Newcastle-on-Tyne with a letter from the general assembly whose purport was, according to Kilpatrick, to press on Charles Presbyterianism and
2278-481: The church some 60 yards from the west front, and the bridge some quarter-mile to the north-east. With their local ascendancy, and with Thirlestane Castle becoming even grander, John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale decided he would demolish the ancient kirk , and had a new church erected by Sir William Bruce in 1673 in the centre of the Royal Burgh. Around it is a walled graveyard, with a watchhouse built after
2345-414: The defection of some of them (including Menzies) to independency, a development which increased Guthrie's opposition to Cromwell's government. The Restoration rendered the prospects of the "protesters" hopeless. Guthrie and nine others met in Edinburgh (23 August 1660) and drew up a "humble petition" to the king setting forth their loyalty, and reminding him of his obligations as a covenanter. The meeting
2412-516: The disturbance of the peace of the State and of the Church. (5) His refusal, by appeal and protest presented at Perth, to acknowledge the King as judge in certain matters. (6) Some treasonable expressions alleged to have been used by him in a meeting, in 1650 or 1651. On 20 February 1661, his indictment being read, Guthrie delivered an excellent speech, which may be found in Wodrow's History. Expressing
2479-640: The eiyes of the Lord's glorie". The attack on the resolution was led at the next meeting of the General Assembly at St. Andrews (16 July) by John Menzies , divinity professor in the Marischal College , Aberdeen, Guthrie strongly supported him. The assembly met by adjournment at Dundee (22 July), when a protestation against the action of the commission was read, those who had signed it absenting themselves, as from an unlawful assembly. The church
2546-453: The eve of his license for the ministry) and a daughter, Sophia. The widow and daughter after being brought before the privy council on 8 February 1666, on a charge of possessing a treasonable book, and sentenced to banishment, were permitted, on 15 January 1669, to return to Edinburgh for a month, in consequence of the son's illness. Lauder The former Royal Burgh of Lauder ( / ˈ l ɔː d ər / , Scottish Gaelic : Labhdar )
2613-412: The extreme penalty. On 28 May parliament ordered him to be hanged at the cross of Edinburgh on 1 June, in company with William Govan , an obscure deserter. Robert Traill , at the age of nineteen, stood beside Guthrie, his father's friend, on the scaffold. Guthrie's farewell letter (1 June 1661) to his wife shows great strength of character. At eleven o'clock the same day he signed a paper to dispose of
2680-467: The first, Guthrie ranged himself amongst the Protesters, and, indeed, was generally regarded as one of their principal leaders. By this time he had been translated to Stirling, where he had, as his colleague, Mr. Bennett, a man of kindred spirit, with whom, on the questions of the day, he was generally in agreement. Hew Scott's later edition says Guthrie came to Stirling around November 1650 although Kilpatrick discusses 1649. Not satisfied with expressing in
2747-473: The fort during its occupation, had given it to Robert Lauder of that Ilk (d. bef July 1567), who provided it, in 1532, to his daughter Alison as dowry when she married. Following she and her husband's deaths in feuds in 1547 it reverted to Robert Lauder whose wife was Alison Cranstoun. A Cranstoun relation later sold it on to Chancellor John Maitland in 1587. He commenced the building of the magnificent Thirlestane Castle upon that site two years later, parts of
James Guthrie - Misplaced Pages Continue
2814-498: The granddaughter of the last Robert Lauder of that Ilk (d. before July 1655) was retoured heir to it. The same Robert de Lawedre was one of the witnesses to two charters of confirmation to Jedburgh Abbey on 20 December 1316, signed at Berwick-upon-Tweed . A document written in French, and dated 4 September 1319, entitled: "Lettre d'attorne pur doner seysine," and is granted to "Robert de Lawedir Justice de Lounes, [Lothians]....Donez
2881-452: The hands of the Lauder of Bass family until the 17th century, reconfirmed to Robert Lauder of The Bass (d. 1576). This family erected a Scottish tower house , "the beginning of authentic history as far as the town is concerned," around which the present town grew, and "Alan Lawedir of the Tower of Lawedir" is mentioned in 1445. Lauder Tower stood in what in 1903 was known as Tower Yard,
2948-502: The hope that the Lord Commissioner ( Middleton , who was known to have a grudge against him) would "patiently and without interruption" hear him, he reminded his judges that the law of God, referred to in the indictment, is the supreme law, not only of religion, but also of righteousness, and that all laws and Acts of Parliament are to be understood and expounded in the light of our solemn vows and covenants. The contriving of
3015-429: The king's sins. The proposed remedy was repentance and purification. Others took a different view and blamed the defeat at Dunbar on the purging of some 5000 able men from the army and therefore wanted the conditions for entry into the army relaxed. On 14 December 1650, the Commission of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at Perth replied to a question from the government as to who would be allowed to fight in
3082-529: The last moment he "raised the napkin from his eyes", and lifted up his voice for the covenants. His head was fixed on the Nether Bow port. Guthrie's age at death was "about 49". He is celebrated as one of the first of the martyrs of the covenant, James Renwick being one of the last. The two are thus commemorated in the inscription upon the 'martyrs' monument' in the Greyfriars' churchyard, Edinburgh,
3149-504: The major part of the inheritance sold. The old family is today represented by Sir Piers Dick-Lauder , 13th Baronet. Below the town, on Castle Hill, stood the Crown Fort, a scene of many skirmishes over the years. It is shown on Timothy Pont 's map. Early records give de Morville a castle at Lauder, but it would appear that there was a new erection of it by the English in the reign of King Edward I . James III and James IV both used
3216-527: The original walls of the ancient fort being included in the walls of the new edifice. In 1670-7 Sir William Bruce , known as a 'gentleman architect', supervised its transformation into a palace through remodelling for the Duke of Lauderdale. By the 18th century the Maitlands had supplanted the ancient Lauders as the pre-eminent local family, and had managed to acquire most of the properties which had belonged to
3283-439: The resolutions of Commission and Parliament for the levy of 23 December. The Church of Scotland was now unhappily split into two contending sections. Old friends who had fought side by side in earlier days became opponents, and there was much bitterness and occasionally misrepresentations, due in some cases to misunderstandings, exaggerated reports or false rumours. Of the Resolutioners, Robert Douglas was, by head and shoulders,
3350-443: The rumour that he was willing to retract. At dinner he called for cheese, saying his physicians had forbidden it, but he was beyond the need of such precautions. He spoke at the scaffold for about an hour, leaving a copy of his speech to be given to his son when he came of age. He is also reported to have left his ring with his niece. Opportunities of escape, he said, he had rejected, as flight might be taken as an admission of guilt. At
3417-406: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Guthrie&oldid=995838693 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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#17327878861793484-508: The town today include the former tolbooth , Lauder Town Hall , which predates 1598 when records show it being burnt by a party of Homes and Cranstouns led by Lord Home who killed a prisoner William Lawther. The last of the ancient proprietors, Robert Lauder of that Ilk (d.c1655), bequeathed the tower house and other lands to his daughter Isobel, who had married Alexander Home of St. Leonards, in Lauderdale, both dead by November 1683,
3551-633: Was a Chapter of the Clergy of East Lothian at Lauder on Saturday after the Feast of Saint Peter , ad vincula , when a dispute was settled between the Priory of St. Andrews and the nuns of Haddington , regarding the tithes of Stevenstoun, nr. Haddington. In this original church many of the old Lauder family were interred, including two bishops, William de Lawedre , Bishop of Glasgow and Lord Chancellor of Scotland , and Alexander Lauder , Bishop of Dunkeld . It
3618-476: Was an episcopalian , and is said to have been zealous for prelacy and the ceremonies. Yet on 16 December 1638 the strongly antiprelatic assembly at Glasgow put him in the list of those ready for ecclesiastical vacancies. In January 1639 Samuel Rutherford was made divinity professor at the University of St Andrews , and under his influence Guthrie became a Presbyterian . In 1642 he was ordained minister of Lauder , Berwickshire , and soon distinguished himself in
3685-605: Was appointed by the English Privy Council one of the 'triers' and a visitor for the universities. A conference between "resolutioners" and "protesters" at Edinburgh was rendered abortive by the attitude of Guthrie and Warriston. At a riot in Stirling on the election (1656) of a successor to Bennett, Guthrie was attacked with stones by "resolutioners". Kirk Session records from the time still survive. Both parties appealed to Cromwell in London in 1656. The champion of
3752-419: Was appointed to pronounce the sentence next Sunday, and, despite a letter from the assembly bidding him delay the act, carried out the original order. At the next meeting of the commission (2 January 1651) Middleton was loosed from the sentence after public penance. He never forgave the affront. The same meeting of commission which ordered Middleton's excommunication had passed a unanimous resolution authorising
3819-481: Was exempted from the general pardon at the restoration of the monarchy , tried on 6 charges, and hanged in Edinburgh. James Guthrie was born about 1612 and said to be son of Guthrie of that ilk. He graduated with an M.A. from St. Andrew's University . He subsequently became a regent in St Leonard's College, St Andrews. He was one of those whom the Assembly, 16 December 1638, found ready to supply vacancies. He
3886-588: Was framed between him and representatives from Scotland, in which he agreed under certain conditions to accept the Solemn League and Covenant , and to establish Presbyterianism for three years in England. This treaty, known as the "Engagement," though approved by the Scottish Parliament, was rejected and condemned by the Commission of Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which instructed every minister to preach against it, and to use his utmost influence to prevent
3953-419: Was from this church, in 1482, that James III's favourites, including the architect Robert Cochrane , and his tailor James Homyll , were dragged by envious nobles led by Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus and hanged from the (earlier) Lauder Bridge. The sites of the ancient kirk and the bridge from which Cochrane and his colleagues met their demise, are now within the immediate policies of Thirlestane Castle,
4020-609: Was named siccar foot (the Scots term for a sure-footed person), the avowed leader of the Protesters, and their secretary and champion. He married Jane (buried in Greyfriars , 15 March 1673), who was the daughter of Ramsay of Sheilhill, and had issue – William, died on the eve of being licensed at Edinburgh April 1674; Sophia, who, along with her mother, was in 1666 banished to a lonely prison in Shetland for having in their possession
4087-462: Was not ordained until a few years later when he was called to Lauder in 1642, where he stayed for 7 years. He was selected with three others to wait upon Charles I at Newcastle in 1646 with a letter from the Assembly. He preached before Parliament on 10 January 1649, and was thanked by it. He was appointed a commissioner for visiting the Universities of St Andrews and Edinburgh that year. He
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#17327878861794154-451: Was now divided into "resolutioners" and "protesters". Guthrie and two others were deposed by the assembly on 30 July; but for the alarm of Oliver Cromwell's approach, which dispersed the assembly, other "protesters" would have been similarly dealt with. A rupture took place in nearly every presbytery; the "protesters" met by themselves, and held their own synod in Edinburgh. They even turned for protection to Cromwell. On 8 August 1654 Guthrie
4221-401: Was on record as holding them. An early member of the Lauder family, Sir Robert de Lawedre of The Bass (c1275 – September 1337) was Justiciar of Lothian as early as 1316. He received a charter dated 4 March 1316, from John Graham of Abercorn, of his lands of Dalcoif, parish of Merton, Berwickshire. The superiority of this property remained in that family for centuries. In 1683 Christina Home,
4288-524: Was ordered to disperse, and as the warning was unheeded arrests were made. Guthrie was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle . On 25 September his stipend was sequestrated. He was transferred to Dundee on 20 October, and thence to Stirling, where he remained till his trial. On 20 February 1661 he was arraigned for high treason before the parliament, Middleton presiding as commissioner. The indictment had six counts. The charges against Guthrie were six in number: (1) His contriving, consenting to, and exhibiting before
4355-494: Was passed on 23 January 1649, a week before Charles was beheaded. According to the act, the various ranks of Malignants or Engagers were declared incapable of holding any office of public trust or employment, whether in Church or in State. The first result of this Act was to throw the management of public affairs into the hands of those who were afterwards defeated by Cromwell at Dunbar in September 1650. Following Dunbar there
4422-422: Was some soul-searching to determine what had gone wrong. This led to the Western Remonstrance which was read before the government on 22 October 1650 at Stirling. The Remonstrance was also considered by the Commission of Assembly starting on 25 November 1650. Essentially God was considered to have withdrawn his favour due to Achan-like sin at a personal and a national level. They did not shy away from listing even
4489-426: Was translated and admitted to the Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling in November 1650. He took an active and leading part in the business of the Church, and by a small majority in the Assembly got General John Middleton, afterwards the Earl of Middleton , excommunicated, announcing the sentence from his own pulpit, notwithstanding an appeal by the King. He and Bennett, his colleague, were required by His Majesty and
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