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22-730: The temple was first established in the year 824, as a merger of two private temples founded earlier by Wake no Kiyomaro . They were the Jingan-ji (神願寺) in Kiyomaro's home province and the Takaosan-ji (高雄山寺). Jingo-ji holds sixteen National Treasures of Japan . They include the honzon and other statues. Another treasure is a list written by Kūkai in 812 called the "Name List of Abhisheka [Initiates]" ( 灌頂歴名 , kanjōrekimyō ) and displays some of Kukai's talent for calligraphy. This list contains people and deities in 812 who underwent

44-400: A trusted advisor to Emperor Kammu; in the spring of 793, he convinced the emperor to abandon the delay-plagued construction of a capital at Nagaoka and instead seek another location to the northeast, at Heian-kyō (modern-day Kyōto . His face appeared on 10-yen notes issued from 1888. Bizen Province Bizen Province ( 備前国 , Bizen-no-kuni ) was a province of Japan in

66-618: Is a National Historic Site . The presumed ruins of the Bizen Kokubun-niji are located 300 meters south of the monastery site. The details are not clear because no full-scale investigation has been conducted and the site is not covered by the National Historic Site designation, The ichinomiya of the province is Kibitsuhiko Shrine , located in Kita-ku, Okayama . Many shōen landed estates developed in

88-517: Is controversial as it was largely based on the geographic name of the site, which may or may not date to the Nara period. The location of the Bizen Kokubun-ji is well defined, and is located in the city of Akaiwa, Okayama . It is located about 6.5 kilometers northeast of the estimated location of Bizen Kokufu . The foundations of the main temple buildings have been discovered, and the site

110-478: Is located above the Kiyotaki River ( 清滝川 , kiyotakigawa ) , and has a special ceremonial well ( 閼伽井 , akai ) built on the grounds. Visitors can purchase tiny plates made of clay to throw out from the famous cliffs, the kin'unkei ( 錦雲渓 ) , overlooking Kiyotaki River, with the hopes of one's plate hitting the river far below. Buses from the center of the city arrive at a stop alongside

132-660: The Wamyō Ruijushō it was located in Mino District. However, ruins discovered in Joto District in what his now the Kokufuichi neighborhood of Naka-ku, Okayama ( 34°41′31.56″N 133°57′23.14″E  /  34.6921000°N 133.9564278°E  / 34.6921000; 133.9564278  ( 備前国庁跡 ) have been officially designated by the government as an Okayama Prefectural Historic Site. The designation

154-679: The Amago clan declined, Ukita Naoie , a vassal of the Urakami clan, drove out the remnants of Urakami clan, and conquered Mimasaka Province and parts of Bitchū and Bizen Province to become a daimyō of the Sengoku period. He established Okayama as his stronghold. His successor, Ukita Hideie was defeated at the 1600 Battle of Sekigahara and dispossessed by Tokugawa Ieyasu , who awarded Okayama to Kobayakawa Hideaki . When Kobayakawa Hideaki died without heir, Okayama Castle and all of Bizen Province

176-685: The Kofun period , and also had salt fields along its coast with the Seto Inland Sea , which also provided for convenience of marine transportation to the Kinai region Shikoku and Kyushu . The province was economically prosperous, and although its area as not large, it was ranked as a "superior country" under the Ritsuryō classification system. The location of the Bizen kokufu is uncertain. Per

198-482: The "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Okayama . After its conquest, the ancient Kingdom of Kibi became Kibi Province . It was divided into Bizen (備前), Bitchū (備中), and Bingo (備後) Provinces in the Ritsuryō administrative reforms in the late 7th century, with "Bizen" taking the first kanji of its name from "Kibi" and

220-507: The abhisheka at Takaosan-ji presided by Kūkai . The Buddhist Sutra "Bimashōkyō", translated by Guṇabhadra , was handed down at the temple. It is "one of the a volume from the Issaikyō (a Buddhist corpus), commonly known as Jingo-ji kyō , the corpus originally consisted of more than 5,400 volumes in total, but only 2,317 still remain as the rest were scattered outside the temple." Buildings at Jingo-ji have been destroyed by fire and war. Of

242-648: The area that is eastern Okayama Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of western Japan. Bizen bordered Bitchū , Mimasaka , and Harima Provinces . Its abbreviated form name was Bishū ( 備州 ) . In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Bizen was one of the provinces of the San'yō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Bizen was ranked as one of the 35 "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of

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264-437: The governor of Dazaifu to send officials to Usa to investigate allegations of "fraudulent oracles"; in his later report, Wake no Kiyomaro stated that out of five oracles checked, two were found to be fabricated. This resulted in the government relieving Usa no Ikemori of his position as head priest and replacing him with the previously-disgraced Ōga no Tamaro . Following this, Wake no Kiyomaro returned to Yamato . He remained

286-559: The original buildings, only the Daishi-dō survived the Ōnin War ; even the present Daishi-dō is of uncertain date. Itakura Katsushige , a daimyō and former Kyoto shoshidai in the Tokugawa shogunate , commissioned a major reconstruction in 1623. Another reconstruction took place in the 1930s with a contribution from Gendō Yamaguchi. Present structures include the following: The temple

308-562: The power of the Akamatsu clan declined, the power of the Yamana clan increased, and Bizen gradually became a battlefield between the two clans and their proxies. During the Sengoku period , the Urakami clan, the shugodai , tried to rule Bizen Province by usurping the power of the Akamatsu clan, but were defeated by Amago Haruhisa , a powerful warlord from the San'in region . However, when

330-474: The protection of the Fujiwara clan saved him from being killed outright. The following year, however, Empress Shōtoku died. She was succeeded by Emperor Kōnin , who in turn exiled Dōkyō to Shimotsuke Province and not only recalled Wake no Kiyomaro from exile, but also appointed him as both kami (governor) of Bizen Province and Udaijin (junior minister of state). The following year, he petitioned

352-782: The province during the Heian and Kamakura periods , and during this time the province also became famous for its production of Japanese swords , especially that of the Osafune school and the Ichimonji schools. Bizen ware pottery also developed during this period, but did not reach national prominence for several centuries. In the Muromachi period , the Akamatsu clan , based in Harima Province , came to serve as shugo . When

374-416: The road. A long set of stairs leads down to the river, and a short bridge leads across it. A similar set of stairs leads up to the gate of the temple. 35°3′18.06″N 135°40′15.12″E  /  35.0550167°N 135.6708667°E  / 35.0550167; 135.6708667 Wake no Kiyomaro Wake no Kiyomaro ( 和気 清麻呂 , 733–799) was a high-ranking Japanese official during the Nara period. He

396-662: The second from its geographic position closest to the capital. Bizen Province at this time included the territory of what would later become Mimasaka Province , Tsurashima (Torago, Kojima County), Shōdoshima , and the northern part of the Naoshima Islands . In 713, the six northern counties of Eita, Katsuta, Tomata, Kume and Mashima were separated from Bizen to form Mimasaka Province. Bizen, with much flat land and many rivers of reasonable size for flood control and water transportation, has been suitable for agriculture since ancient times. It has been an iron production area since

418-544: Was awarded to Ikeda Tadatsugu , the second son of Ikeda Terumasa . The Ikeda clan continued to rule all of Bizen Province until the Meiji restoration . Under the Meiji government , on August 29, 1871, Bizen Province became part of Okayama Prefecture , with the exception of its islands in the Seto Inland Sea, which were transferred to Kagawa Prefecture and Ehime Prefecture . A small area of former Bizen Province

440-544: Was born in Bizen Province (now Wake, Okayama ) to a family of politically important, devoted Buddhists who hoped to keep Buddhism and politics separate through religious reform. He became a trusted advisor to Emperor Kanmu , a position which he used to encourage the development of Buddhism in a direction which would prevent it from posing a threat to the government. According to the Shoku Nihongi , he

462-553: Was sent to the Usa Shrine to receive a divine message; stating that only those of descent from Amaterasu could become emperor, it refuted the previous divine message claiming Dōkyō was to be the next emperor after Empress Kōken (later Empress Shōtoku). This report angered Dōkyō, who used his influence with the Empress to have an edict issued sending Kiyomaro into exile; he also had the sinews of Kiyomaro's legs cut, and only

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484-422: Was transferred to Akō, Hyōgo in 1963 at the request of is local inhabitants. Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō ( 旧高旧領取調帳 ) , an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 680 villages with a total kokudaka of 423,379 koku . [REDACTED] Media related to Bizen Province at Wikimedia Commons This Okayama Prefecture location article

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