50-564: The Just Group owns and operates a total of seven retail brands: the clothing chains Just Jeans, Jay Jays , Jacqui E, Portmans, Dotti , Peter Alexander Sleepwear , and the stationery chain Smiggle . The group has over 1,000 stores throughout Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom. The group is part of the ASX -listed investment company Premier Investments . Just Jeans
100-413: A cryogenic chamber and is usually used for deflashing plastic and rubber components. The size of the wheel blast machine, and the number and power of the wheels vary considerably depending on the parts to be blasted as well as on the expected result and efficiency. The first blast wheel was patented by Wheelabrator in 1932. In China, the first blast wheel was built around the 1950s, Qinggong Machinery
150-405: A blast cabinet. Blast operators work inside the room to roughen, smooth, or clean surfaces of an item depending on the needs of the finished product. Blast rooms and blast facilities come in many sizes, some of which are big enough to accommodate very large or uniquely shaped objects like rail cars, commercial and military vehicles, construction equipment, and aircraft. Each application may require
200-405: A chamber in which sand and air are mixed. The mixture travels through a hand-held nozzle to direct the particles toward the surface or work piece. Nozzles come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials. Boron carbide is a popular material for nozzles because it resists abrasive wear well. Wet abrasive blasting uses water as the fluid moving the abrasives. The advantages are that the water traps
250-419: A connected blast hose from a higher pressure differential, or use a non-pressurized hopper, which utilizes a process called dual induction, which conveys abrasive media to a tandem blast nozzle using an air powered jet pump or eductor, in which abrasive is propelled through a blast nozzle via a separate air hose connected to the blast nozzle, which eliminates the requirement for a pressure vessel. A blast cabinet
300-508: A controlled environment using ventilation, protective clothing and breathing air supply. Many consumers are willing to pay extra for jeans that have the appearance of being used. To give the fabrics the right worn look sandblasting is used. Sandblasting has the risk of causing silicosis to the workers, and in Turkey , more than 5,000 workers in the textile industry suffer from silicosis, and 46 people are known to have died from it. Silicosis
350-502: A failure and Just Jeans sold MSD two years later for $ 1. Roger Kimberley built his own fashion chain called Cheap Jeans. Just Jeans bought his 50-store business in 1985 and relaunched it as Jeans Extra. Craig and Connie also acquired Roger's stake in Just Jeans. The following year, Jeans Extra was relaunched again as Extra Clothing then in late 1987 the business was sold to Sportscraft for an estimated $ 30 million. Three months before
400-483: A separate blast medium. The surface is treated by a brush-like rotary tool made of dynamically tuned high- carbon steel wire bristles. Repeated contact with the sharp, rotating bristle tips results in localized impact, rebound, and crater formation, which simultaneously cleans and coarsens the surface. Vacuum blasting is a method that generates very little dust and spill, as the blast tool does dry abrasive blasting and collects used blast media and loosened particles from
450-500: A serious breach of his employment terms". In late October 2024, Premier and Myer announced they had reached a deal for Myer to buy the Apparel Brands division. As part of the transaction, Myer will issue new shares (worth $ 863.78 million) to Premier Investments while Premier will contribute $ 82 million to the business. The deal requires approval from the shareholders of both companies. Premier plans to launch Peter Alexander in
500-412: A spinning wheel propels the abrasive against an object. It is typically categorized as an airless blasting operation because there is no propellant (gas or liquid) used. A wheel machine is a high-power, high-efficiency blasting operation with recyclable abrasive (typically steel or stainless-steel shot, cut wire , grit, or similarly sized pellets). Specialized wheel blast machines propel plastic abrasive in
550-402: A store front or interior design. Sandblasting can be used to refurbish buildings or create works of art (carved or frosted glass ). Modern masks and resists facilitate this process, producing accurate results. Sandblasting techniques are used for cleaning boat hulls , as well as brick, stone, and concrete work. Sandblasting is used for cleaning industrial as well as commercial structures, but
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#1732793537002600-468: A surface under high pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface, shape a surface or remove surface contaminants . A pressurised fluid, typically compressed air , or a centrifugal wheel is used to propel the blasting material (often called the media ). The first abrasive blasting process was patented by Benjamin Chew Tilghman on 18 October 1870. There are several variants of
650-598: Is a large amount of dust created through abrasive blasting from the substrate and abrasive. Although many abrasives used in blasting rooms are not hazardous in themselves, (steel shot and grit, cast iron, aluminum oxide , garnet, plastic abrasive and glass bead), other abrasives (silica sand, copper slag , nickel slag, and staurolite ) have varying degrees of hazard (typically free silica or heavy metals). However, in all cases their use can present serious danger to operators, such as burns due to projections (with skin or eye lesions ), falls due to walking on round shot scattered on
700-476: Is added to the water in the nozzle producing a high-speed mist, called "vapor". This process is even milder than wet blasting, allowing mating surfaces to be cleaned while retaining their ability to mate. Bead blasting is the process of removing surface deposits by applying fine glass beads at a high pressure without damaging the surface. It is used to clean calcium deposits from pool tiles or any other surfaces, remove embedded fungus, and brighten grout color. It
750-461: Is also used in auto body work to remove paint. In removing paint for auto body work, bead blasting is preferred over sand blasting, as sand blasting tends to create a greater surface profile than bead blasting. Bead blasting is often used in creating a uniform surface finish on machined parts. It is additionally used in cleaning mineral specimens, most of which have a Mohs hardness of 7 or less and would thus be damaged by sand. In wheel blasting,
800-426: Is considered to be a higher-end product as compared to flat signs. These signs often incorporate gold leaf overlay and sometimes crushed glass backgrounds which is called smalts . When sandblasting wood signage it allows the wood grains to show and the growth rings to be raised, and is a popular way to give a sign a traditional carved look. Sandblasting can also be done on clear acrylic glass and glazing as part of
850-410: Is dictated by the volume of air the compressor can provide. Fully equipped blast systems are often found mounted on semi-tractor trailers , offering high mobility and easy transport from site to site. Others are hopper -fed types making them lightweight and more mobile. Portable blast systems use either a welded pressure vessel, to overcome nozzle backpressure, to store and transfer abrasive media into
900-399: Is essentially a closed loop system that allows the operator to blast the part and recycle the abrasive. It usually consists of four components; the containment (cabinet), the abrasive blasting system, the abrasive recycling system and the dust collection. The operator blasts the parts from the outside of the cabinet by placing their arms in gloves attached to glove holes on the cabinet, viewing
950-399: Is one of the earliest manufacturers of blast wheel. Micro-abrasive blasting is dry abrasive blasting process that uses small nozzles (typically 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm diameter) to deliver a fine stream of abrasive accurately to a small part or a small area on a larger part. Generally the area to be blasted is from about 1 mm to only a few cm at most. Also known as pencil blasting,
1000-418: Is rarely used for non-metallic workpieces. Mobile dry abrasive blast systems are typically powered by a diesel air compressor. The air compressor provides a large volume of high pressure air to a single or multiple "blast pots". Blast pots are pressurized, tank-like containers, filled with abrasive material, used to allow an adjustable amount of blasting grit into the main blasting line. The number of blast pots
1050-487: Is similar to that of using sandpaper , but provides a more even finish with no problems at corners or crannies. Sandblasting can occur naturally, usually as a result of particles blown by wind causing aeolian erosion , or artificially, using compressed air . An artificial sandblasting process was patented by Benjamin Chew Tilghman on 18 October 1870. Thomas Wesley Pangborn perfected the idea and added compressed air in 1904. Sandblasting equipment typically consists of
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#17327935370021100-939: The 12-store Jeans Junction chain in New South Wales for $ 1 million. In the early 1980s, it acquired the Queensland chain Denim in Jeans and the South Australian chain Zip Up. In 1988, it purchased the failed women's fashion chain Central Park, which had 15 stores in Western Australia, for $ 2 million. In the 1982, Just Jeans bought the MSD chain of sporting goods stores for $ 500,000. The venture proved to be
1150-579: The Kimberleys reduced their stake from 70 per cent to 58 per cent. In December 1993, Just Jeans purchased Jay Jays for $ 4.5 million. In September 1994, Just Jeans acquired the 50-store womenswear chain Jacqueline Eve for $ 4.6 million. The chain was repositioned to focus on working women aged 30–45 and, in February 1996, was relaunched as Jacqui E. Later in 1996, Just Jeans attempted to purchase
1200-747: The Premier Board as executive director on 3 December 2021. In March 2024, Premier Investments announced plans to spin off Smiggle into an independent company by the end of January 2025 and explore a spin-off of Peter Alexander for sometime in 2025. However, in September 2024, Premier decided to postpone the Smiggle demerger to focus on a possible sale of its Apparel Brands division (Just Jeans, Jay Jays, Jacqui E, Portmans and Dotti) to Myer . Earlier in September, Premier Investments also sacked Smiggle chief executive John Cheston for "serious misconduct and
1250-590: The UK, with three stores and a UK online store set to open by November 2024. Jay Jays Jay Jays is an Australian apparel chain store . It is owned and operated by the Just Group . Jay Jays focuses on clothing for younger people. At present, the chain has over 200 stores located in Australia and New Zealand. Prior to being acquired by the Just Group , Jay Jays was known as Jay Jays Jeans Warehouse, which
1300-403: The ability to use extremely fine or coarse media with densities ranging from plastic to steel and the ability to use hot water and soap to allow simultaneous degreasing and blasting. The reduction in dust also makes it safer to use siliceous media and to abrade asbestos , radioactive or poisonous surfaces. Process speeds are generally not as fast as conventional dry abrasive blasting when using
1350-533: The blast operator if ambient levels of dust exceed allowable limits. Adequate levels of respiratory protection for blast operations in the United States are approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Typical safety equipment for operators includes: In the past, when sandblasting was performed as an open-air job, the worker was exposed to risk of injury from
1400-479: The blasted steel substrate due to the presence of water. The lack of surface recontamination also allows the use of single equipment for multiple blasting operations—e.g., stainless steel and mild steel items can be processed in the same equipment with the same media without problems. A variant of wet blasting is vapor blasting (or vapour blasting in British English). In this process pressurized air
1450-503: The dust produced, and lubricates the surface. The water cushions the impact on the surface, reducing the removal of sound material. One of the original pioneers of the wet abrasive process in late 1940s was Norman Ives Ashworth who found the advantages of using a wet process as a strong alternative to dry blasting. The process is available in all conventional formats including hand cabinets, walk-in booths, automated production machinery and total loss portable blasting units. Advantages include
1500-642: The early 1900s, it was assumed that sharp-edged grains provided the best performance, but this was later shown to be incorrect. Many coarser media used in sandblasting often result in energy being given off as sparks or light on impact. The colours and size of the spark or glow varies significantly, with heavy bright orange sparks from steel shot blasting, to a faint blue glow (often invisible in sunlight or brightly lit work areas) from garnet abrasive. Cleaning operations using abrasive blasting can present risks for workers' health and safety , specifically in portable air blasting or blast room (booth) applications. There
1550-681: The eight-store Melbourne surfwear chain Jetty Surf Shop. However, when three of Jetty's biggest suppliers said they would not supply products to stores owned by Just Jeans, the deal collapsed. In 2000, Just Jeans acquired Peter Alexander Sleepwear. Founder Peter Alexander stayed with the company as creative director. In 2001, Just Jeans was taken private in a $ 108 million management buyout led by British-based private investment group Catalyst Investment Managers. In May 2002, Just Jeans acquired women's clothing chain Portmans. The Just Group
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1600-458: The equivalent size and type of media, in part because the presence of water between the media and the substrate being processed creates a lubricating cushion that can protect both the surface and the media, reducing breakdown rates. Reduced impregnation of blasting material into the surface, dust reduction and the elimination of static cling can result in a very clean surface. Wet blasting of mild steel will result in immediate or 'flash' corrosion of
1650-494: The fine jet of abrasive is accurate enough to write directly on glass and delicate enough to cut a pattern in an eggshell . The abrasive media particle sizes range from 10 micrometres up to about 150 micrometres. Higher pressures are often required. The most common micro-abrasive blasting systems are commercial bench-mounted units consisting of a power supply and mixer, exhaust hood, nozzle, and gas supply. The nozzle can be hand-held or fixture mounted for automatic operation. Either
1700-410: The flying material and lung damage from inhaling the dust. The silica dust produced in the sandblasting process would cause silicosis after sustained inhalation of the dust. In 1918, the first sandblasting enclosure was built, which protected the worker with a viewing screen, revolved around the workpiece, and used an exhaust fan to draw dust away from the worker's face. Silicosis is still a risk when
1750-409: The force of frozen carbon dioxide particles hitting at high velocity, and by slight shrinkage due to freezing which disrupts adhesion bonds. The dry ice sublimates , leaving no residue to clean up other than the removed material. Dry ice is a relatively soft material, so is less destructive to the underlying material than sandblasting. Bristle blasting, unlike other blasting methods, does not require
1800-694: The ground, exposure to hazardous dusts, heat exhaustion, creation of an explosive atmosphere, and exposure to excessive noise. Blasting rooms and portable blaster's equipment have been adapted to these dangers. Blasting lead-based paint can fill the air with lead particles which can be harmful to the nervous system. In the US the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates engineered solutions to potential hazards, however silica sand continues to be allowed even though most commonly used blast helmets are not sufficiently effective at protecting
1850-615: The group shares that commenced on 31 March 2008. Just Group was delisted from the Australian Securities Exchange on 22 September 2008. In 2011, the group was criticised for using sandblasting to wash off their jeans, a method known to cause silicosis . In 2013, the group was still using sandblasting. The Baptist World Aid's 2015 Fashion Report named the Just Group one of the worst performers when it comes to protecting international workers. From 2012 to 2015,
1900-410: The group went through its digital retail transformation. In October 2016, the Just Group lost its trial against its former CFO Nicole Peck who had left the company to work for a competing company. In August 2017, the brand director of the group, Colette Garnsey, stepped down for medical reasons. Richard Murray commenced as Premier Retail Chief Executive Officer on 6 September 2021, and was appointed to
1950-406: The media. A mild version is sodablasting (with baking soda ). In addition, there are alternatives that are barely abrasive or nonabrasive, such as ice blasting and dry-ice blasting . Sand blasting is also known as abrasive blasting, which is a generic term for the process of smoothing, shaping and cleaning a hard surface by forcing solid particles across that surface at high speeds; the effect
2000-515: The nozzle or part can be moved in automatic operation. Automated blasting is simply the automation of the abrasive blasting process. Automated blasting is frequently just a step in a larger automated procedure, usually involving other surface treatments such as preparation and coating applications. Care is often needed to isolate the blasting chamber from mechanical components that may be subject to dust fouling . In this type of blasting, air and dry ice are used. Surface contaminants are dislodged by
2050-414: The operator is not completely isolated from the sandblasting apparatus. Sandblasting also may present secondary risks, such as falls from scaffolding or confinement in a small space. Carbon monoxide poisoning is another potential risk, from the use of small gasoline-powered engines in abrasive blasting. Several countries and territories now regulate sandblasting such that it may only be performed in
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2100-409: The part through a view window, turning the blast on and off using a foot pedal or treadle . Automated blast cabinets are also used to process large quantities of the same component and may incorporate multiple blast nozzles and a part conveyance system. There are three systems typically used in a blast cabinet. Two, siphon and pressure, are dry and one is wet: A blast room is a much larger version of
2150-429: The process, using various media; some are highly abrasive, whereas others are milder. The most abrasive are shot blasting (with metal shot ) and sandblasting (with sand ). Moderately abrasive variants include glass bead blasting (with glass beads) and plastic media blasting (PMB) with ground-up plastic stock or walnut shells and corncobs . Some of these substances can cause anaphylactic shock to individuals allergic to
2200-588: The sale of Extra Clothing, the Kimberleys sold 30% of Just Jeans to the Mallcap Corporation for $ 8 million. The funds were used to cover a $ 5.5 million tax bill and give the company a better financial footing. In April 1988, Mallcap sold its stake to Byron Holdings. In June 1990, Just Jeans launched its first store in New Zealand. By January 1991, Just Jeans had 238 stores across Australia and New Zealand. In April 1993, Just Jeans went public and
2250-415: The surface to be treated, simultaneously. Blast media consumption is relatively low with this method, as the used blast media is automatically separated from dust and loosened particles, and reused several times. The lettering and engraving on most modern cemetery monuments and markers is created by abrasive blasting. Sandblasting can also be used to produce three-dimensional signage. This type of signage
2300-426: The use of many different pieces of equipment, however, there are several key components that can be found in a typical blast room: Additional equipment can be added for convenience and improved usability, such as overhead cranes for maneuvering the workpiece, wall-mounted units with multiple axes that allow the operator to reach all sides of the workpiece, and sound-dampening materials used to reduce noise levels. In
2350-656: Was founded by the Kimberley family—Craig Kimberley, his wife Connie, brother Roger and sister-in-law Chrissie. Craig was working for textile and fashion manufacturer Aywon at the time and had discovered specialty jeans stores during a business trip to Los Angeles and San Francisco earlier that year. He pitched opening similar stores—first to Aywon, then Coles Myer —but was rejected by both. The partners raised $ 4500 and opened their first store on Chapel Street , Prahran in December 1970. The idea of selling jeans stacked on shelves
2400-554: Was listed on the ASX in May 2004. In August 2004, the Just Group acquired the Dotti chain for $ 5 million. In July 2007, the Just Group acquired stationery chain Smiggle for at least $ 29 million, becoming the first non-fashion brand in its portfolio. On 8 August 2008, Premier Investments obtained a controlling interest in the shares of Just Group following an off-market takeover offer for all of
2450-646: Was new to the market, but proved to be popular. In April 1971, Just Jeans opened its second store in Centre Road, Bentleigh , followed by its third in Moonee Ponds several weeks later. In 1976, Just Jeans bought failed Melbourne menswear chain Walsh's, giving the company its first presence in suburban shopping centres. In the following years, the company expanded to other states by acquiring clothing chains and relaunching them as Just Jeans. In 1979, it purchased
2500-483: Was started in 1978 in Sydney by two brothers who had immigrated to Australia from Poland in the 1950s. In December 1993, Just Jeans purchased Jay Jays for $ 4.5 million. It had six-stores at the time. Jay Jays opened its first New Zealand store in September 1996. Sandblasting Sandblasting , sometimes known as abrasive blasting , is the operation of forcibly propelling a stream of abrasive material against
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