The United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire between 1521 and 1614, formed from the personal union of the duchies of Jülich , Cleves and Berg .
14-559: Jülich-Cleves-Berg can refer to one of two historical territories: United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1521–1614), a state of the Holy Roman Empire Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1815–1822), a province of the Kingdom of Prussia [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with
28-437: A century later, in 1521, these two duchies, along with the county of Ravensberg , fell extinct, with only the last duke's daughter Maria von Geldern left to inherit; under Salic law , women could only hold property through a husband or guardian, so the territories passed to her husband—and distant relative— John III, Duke of Cleves and Mark as a result of their strategic marriage in 1509. These united duchies controlled most of
42-692: The Guelders War , and William was forced to accept the Treaty of Venlo . William also spent a lot of his reign developing his lands by constructing fortresses and residencies. William also set two major laws, the Privilegium Unionis and Priviligium Successionis. The Privilegium Unionis had declared that the Duchies of Jülich, Cleves, and Berg would remain united rather than divided during succession. The Priviligium Successionis declared that in
56-874: The Prince-Bishoprics of Liège , Münster and Osnabrück , and Archbishops in Cologne . Later collateral lines became dukes of Bouillon , a title which was later inherited by the House of La Tour d'Auvergne , princes of Sedan , dukes of Nevers , counts of Rethel and so forth. In 1591 the heiress of one of the collateral lines of the family, Charlotte de la Marck , was married to Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne , Marshal of France. In 1594 Charlotte died without issue, and her claims to Bouillon passed to her husband. Marguerite de La Marck d'Arenberg (1527–1599), princess-countess and sovereign of Arenberg from 1576. Married Jean de Ligne, baron of Barbançon, in 1547. General of
70-729: The Wettin dukes of Saxony —the former particularly worrying to Henry IV of France and the Dutch Republic , who feared any strengthening of the Habsburg Netherlands . The Lutheran Anna of Prussia was married to John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg , whereas Roman Catholic Anna of Cleves was married to Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg . As a result, after the War of the Jülich Succession (one of
84-703: The Bergish capital becoming the seat of the Electorate of the Palatinate , until the line inherited Bavaria in 1777. In 1701, the Margrave-Electors of Brandenburg became Kings in Prussia ; with Cleves-Mark as their first possession in western Germany, it was the seed of the future Prussian Rhineland . House of La Marck The House of La Marck ( German : Haus Mark; von der Mark )
98-407: The case of the extinction of the male line, the duchies would pass to a female line. Only a century after John III's marriage, however, the male line of the House of La Marck , which ruled the duchies, fell extinct, prompting the War of the Jülich Succession over the right to inherit the united duchies. William's son — Duke John William — died without issue in 1609. His inheritance was claimed by
112-473: The heirs of his two eldest sisters. Whilst the dukes, inspired by the humanism of Desiderius Erasmus , had managed to bear a " via media " between the confessional disputes ensuing from the Protestant Reformation , the heirs of the last duke's two eldest sisters were on opposite sides of the divide. The situation was further complicated by acquisitive desires of Emperor Rudolph II and
126-597: The older county around Altena and began to call himself count de La Mark. Originally liensmen of the archbishops of Cologne in the Duchy of Westphalia , the family ruled the County of Mark , an immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire , and, at the height of their powers, the four duchies of Julich , Cleves , Berg and Guelders as well as the County of Ravensberg . Members of the family became bishops in
140-741: The precursors to the Thirty Years' War ) was settled at Xanten , the Protestant territories (Cleves, Mark and Ravensburg) passed to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Catholic lands (Jülich and Berg) being awarded to the Palatinate-Neuburg . Years of being trampled by armies had destroyed much of the lands' wealth that had been so renowned under William the Rich. Philip Louis' grandson Philip William became Elector Palatine in 1685, with
154-758: The present-day North Rhine-Westphalia that was not within the ecclesiastical territories of Electoral Cologne and Münster . During the reign of Duke William the Rich , the United Duchies challenged Emperor Charles V for control of the Duchy of Guelders . Controlling Guelders would allow for the disconnected lands of the duchies to be connected by land. To counter the Habsburg Emperor, William attempted to form several alliances. For example, his sister, Anne of Cleves , married King Henry VIII of England to create an alliance between England and Jülich-Cleves-Berg. Nonetheless, Charles V defeated William in
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#1732772926944168-499: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jülich-Cleves-Berg&oldid=1165053644 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages United Duchies of J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg The name
182-710: Was an ancient German noble family , which from about 1200 appeared as the Counts of Mark . The family history started with Count Adolf I , scion of a cadet branch of the Rhenish Berg dynasty residing at Altena Castle in Westphalia . In the early 13th century Adolf took his residence at his family's estates around Mark, a settlement in present-day Hamm -Uentrop. Adolf had inherited the Mark fortress from his father Count Frederick I of Berg-Altena (d. 1198) together with
196-633: Was resurrected after the Congress of Vienna for the province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg of the Kingdom of Prussia between 1815 and 1822. Its territory is today split between the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the Dutch province of Gelderland . The United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg was a combination of states of the Holy Roman Empire . The duchies of Jülich and Berg united in 1423. Nearly
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