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40-528: The OASPA was launched on October 14, 2008 at an "Open Access Day" celebration in London hosted by the Wellcome Trust . The following organizations are founding members: The OASPA faced some criticism for a perceived conflict between its self-declared role as the "stamp of quality for open access publishing" and the application of its own criteria for membership. One member organization, Frontiers Media ,

80-614: A British subject. In 1928, he was made an Honorary Vice-President of the Society for Nautical Research . He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1932 Birthday Honours . In 1932, he was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . He died of pneumonia in The London Clinic in 1936, aged 82, after an operation. On his death, the Wellcome Trust was established. In his will, Wellcome vested

120-620: A café and a bookshop. The galleries show a small sample of works from Sir Henry Wellcome's collection, and host a programme of events and exhibitions. The Wellcome Collection and exhibitions are open to the public free of charge six days a week. The Wellcome Collection and Wellcome Library are members of The London Museums of Health & Medicine . The Wellcome Trust runs an annual photography prize which aims to explore "the human side of three urgent health challenges". Judges in 2021 include Dr Dixon Chabanda, Sir Jeremy Farrar, Dr Katerina Srahulkova and Azu Nwagbogu. Winners in each category receive

160-410: A committee to investigate the circumstances that led to the acceptance of the fake paper by 3 of its members. On 11 November 2013, OASPA terminated the membership of two publishers ( Dove Medical Press and Hikari Ltd.) who accepted the fake paper. Sage Press, which also accepted a fake paper, was put "under review" for 6 months. Sage announced in a statement that it was reviewing the journal that accepted

200-402: A daughter of orphanage founder Thomas John Barnardo . They had one child, Henry Mounteney Wellcome, born 1903, who was sent to foster parents at the age of about three. He was considered to be sickly at the time, and his parents were spending much time travelling. The marriage was not happy, and in 1909 the couple separated. After that Syrie (as she was known) had several affairs, including with

240-689: A member organization, a publisher must undergo an assessment process and meet set criteria. These criteria were set in 2013 and revised again in August 2018. There are seven categories of OASPA membership: As of March 2021, OASPA has 159 members. Members of OASPA that publish journals exclusively in OA comprise the Fully Open Access Publishers special interest group. As a response to the Who's Afraid of Peer Review? investigation, OASPA formed

280-510: A number of major biomedical research initiatives: Also known as SDDI, this five-year initiative started in October 2005 with the remit "to facilitate the development of drug-like small molecules that address unmet medical needs." SDDI was based in London and managed by Richard Davis. Through early 2010, SDDI had provided more than £80 million across 30 projects split between academic institutions and companies. To early 2010, all but one of

320-487: A prize of £10,000. The Wellcome Trust sponsors an annual book prize, the Wellcome Book Prize , which "aims to excite public interest and encourage debate" around medicine and health. In June 2019, Wellcome released the results of the 2018 global survey on public attitudes toward science and health. Topics include trust of scientists, doctors, and nurses; religion and science, and vaccines, among others. It

360-793: A richer research culture. In 2016, the Wellcome Trust partnered with the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to launch the Open Science Prize to "help develop services, tools and platforms that enable open content to be discovered, assessed and re-used in ways that will advance discovery and spark innovation." In 2016, Wellcome Trust announced that it would be launching Wellcome Open Research, an open access publication system running on

400-635: A way that may be at the expense of green open access . OASPA organizes an annual conference on open access scholarly publishing. OASPA encourages publishers to use Creative Commons licenses , particularly the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY), which is in line with most definitions of "open", e.g. the Open Definition by the Open Knowledge Foundation . OASPA members fall into

440-621: Is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL . Wellcome Trust The Wellcome Trust is a charitable foundation focused on health research based in London, United Kingdom. It was established in 1936 with legacies from the pharmaceutical magnate Henry Wellcome (founder of Burroughs Wellcome , one of the predecessors of GSK plc ) to fund research to improve human and animal health. The aim of

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480-471: Is now managed by the Science Museum , London, and has been in their care since 1976. Many objects from the collection are now on display in the museum's Medicine: The Wellcome Galleries. The Wellcome Collection exhibited a number of objects from Wellcome's collection in "Medicine Man", from 2007-2022. His collection of books, paintings, drawings, photographs and other media is available for viewing at

520-943: The F1000 Research platform. Article processing charges will be covered directly by Wellcome Trust. Papers from the system are now indexed in PubMed Central . In the summer of 2015, the Wellcome Trust joined the Japanese government, 7 Japanese pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the United Nations Development Program as funding partner of the Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) , which funds scientific research and development for anti-infectives and diagnostics for diseases that primarily affect

560-676: The Wellcome Collection and the adjoining glass and steel building at 215 Euston Road is the Gibbs Building, by Hopkins Architects , which opened in 2004 as the administrative headquarters of the Wellcome Trust. In 2019, the Wellcome Trust also opened an office in Berlin. The trust was established to administer the fortune of the American-born British pharmaceutical magnate Sir Henry Wellcome . Its income

600-546: The COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator, launching in March 2020 with an initial $ 125 million in backing. In September 2019, Wellcome launched an initiative to reimagine research and improve the culture in which research is conducted. Current incentive structures and, as a result, culture and practices, prioritise publication outputs above all else. This is damaging people's wellbeing and undermining

640-601: The Trust is to "support science to solve the urgent health challenges facing everyone." It had a financial endowment of £ 29.1 billion in 2020, making it the fourth wealthiest charitable foundation in the world. In 2012, the Wellcome Trust was described by the Financial Times as the United Kingdom's largest provider of non-governmental funding for scientific research, and one of the largest providers in

680-595: The U.S. branch of the Wellcome pharmaceutical enterprise; in 1993, a $ 400 million gift from the Wellcome Trust enabled BWF to become fully independent from the company, and it became a private, independent biomedical research foundation based in Research Triangle Park , North Carolina . Newly started programmes by the Wellcome Trust include the creation of research training programmes for physicians wishing to pursue careers in academic medicine, which

720-523: The UK, providing funding for focus areas such as biomedical science , technology transfer , public engagement and bioethics . Grants and fellowships are available to recipients with goals of translating research into usable health products. The trust currently spends over $ 600 million a year in medical research training. In 1955, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF) was established as

760-606: The age of 16, was invisible ink (in fact just lemon juice ), which he advertised in the Garden City (MN) Herald. He was brought up with a strict religious upbringing, particularly with respect to the temperance movement . His father was a strong member of the Second Adventist Church. He was a freemason . In 1880, Wellcome established a pharmaceutical company, Burroughs Wellcome & Company , with his colleague Silas Mainville Burroughs . They introduced

800-414: The bounds of the pharmaceutical industry. In 1995, the trust divested itself of any interest in pharmaceuticals by selling all remaining stock to Glaxo plc , the company's historic British rival, creating GlaxoWellcome plc. In 2000, the Wellcome name disappeared from the drug business altogether when GlaxoWellcome merged with SmithKline Beecham, to form GlaxoSmithKline plc. The Trust funds or co-funds

840-486: The collection, of over one million total. Most of the non-medical objects were dispersed after his death. He was also a keen archaeologist , in particular digging for many years at Jebel Moya , Sudan , hiring 4000 people to excavate. He was one of the first investigators to use kite aerial photography on an archaeological site, with surviving images available in the Wellcome Library . Wellcome's collection

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880-561: The company recipients were either start-ups or spin-outs . In May 2010, an additional £110 million was added to the SDDI fund with the intent to extend the initiative for an additional five years. The Wellcome Trust announced the need for at least $ 8 billion of new funding for research, development, and supply of treatments related to COVID-19. Wellcome Trust collaborated with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Mastercard to fund

920-402: The department store magnate Harry Gordon Selfridge , and the author William Somerset Maugham with whom she had a child ( Mary Elizabeth ) and later married. Wellcome sued for divorce in 1915, naming Maugham as co-respondent. The suit attracted large amounts of publicity that he had previously tried to avoid. Syrie never contested Henry's custody of their child, Henry. In 1910, Wellcome became

960-729: The developing world. In June 2007, the Wellcome Building reopened after refurbishment as a public venue, housing the Wellcome Collection , the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London and the Wellcome Library . The aim of the Wellcome Collection is to enhance public understanding of medical science and history. The building contains gallery spaces, conference facilities, space for debates, drama and workshops,

1000-540: The entire share capital of his company in individual trustees, who were charged with spending the income to further human and animal health. The Wellcome Trust is now one of the world's largest private biomedical charities. The first biography of Wellcome was commissioned by the Wellcome Trust in 1939, by A. W. Haggis, a member of staff at the Historical Medicine Museum Wellcome had established. The trustees, however, were dissatisfied with

1040-540: The fake paper, but that it would not shut it down. Sage's membership was reinstated at the end of the review period following changes to the journal's editorial processes. Dove Medical Press were also reinstated in September 2015 after making a number of improvements to their editorial processes. This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article " Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association ", which

1080-532: The final draft of 1942, and the biography was never published, although the drafts are freely available for consultation at the Wellcome Library . A biography of Wellcome was written by Robert Rhodes James and published in 1994. In 2009, An Infinity of Things: How Sir Henry Wellcome Collected the World , written by Frances Larson, was published by Oxford University Press, after both Wellcome's personal and business papers had been catalogued. After Wellcome's death,

1120-523: The following groups: Professional publishing organisations – Organisations that include at least one full-time professional who manages the publication of OA scholarly journals or books. These organisations may be for-profit or nonprofit, and they may own journals or books or manage the publication on a contract basis for societies or other groups of scientists or scholars. Members of this class may also include organisations such as academic/research libraries, university presses, or other organisations in which

1160-407: The income from the foundation, initially via dividends, later via more tax efficient deeds of covenant, was used to fund the Wellcome Trust, providing endowments for pharmacology departments to educate and train the researchers of the future. After changes in UK charity law the foundation was sold to GSK and the receipts invested in a broad ranging portfolio. The trust then became the largest charity in

1200-564: The primary focus is other than publishing but still employ full-time professionals who manage the publication of OA scholarly journals and/or books. Scholar publishers – Individuals or small groups of scientists/scholars that publish usually a single scholarly journal in their field of study. The publication process is often largely subsidised by volunteer effort. Other organisations – Other organisations who provide significant services and/or support for OA publishing. In order to join OASPA as

1240-426: The quality of research itself. The Wellcome Trust plays an important role in encouraging publication of research in open access repositories such as Europe PubMed Central (EuropePMC) . The Wellcome Trust believes that maximising the distribution of these papers – by providing free, online access – is the most effective way of ensuring that the research can be accessed, read and built upon. In turn, this will foster

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1280-602: The selling of medicine in tablet form to England under the 1884 trademark "Tabloid". Previously, medicines had been sold mostly as powders or liquids. Burroughs and Wellcome also introduced direct marketing to doctors, giving them free samples. In 1895, Burroughs died, aged 48, leaving the company in the hands of Wellcome. It flourished and Wellcome set up several related research laboratories. In 1924, Wellcome consolidated all his commercial and non-commercial activities in one holding company, The Wellcome Foundation Ltd . In 1901, Wellcome married Gwendoline Maud Syrie Barnardo ,

1320-669: The trust bought the Premier Marinas group. It has been reported that the Wellcome Trust has billions of investments in companies related to the problems the philanthropy wants to solve. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic , the trust has investments in pharmaceutical companies involved in the development and delivery of treatments for COVID-19, which means it has the potential to gain financially where those treatments are monetised. Henry Wellcome Sir Henry Solomon Wellcome FRS (21 August 1853 – 25 July 1936)

1360-429: The trust started in October 2010. Also currently, the foundation supports clinicians' research to develop treatments for obesity using natural appetite suppression. Wellcome had a passion for collecting medically related artefacts, aiming to create a Museum of Man. He bought for his collection anything related to medicine, including Napoleon 's toothbrush. By the time of his death, there were 125,000 medical objects in

1400-605: The world. According to their annual report, the Wellcome Trust spent GBP £ 1.1 billion on charitable activities across their 2019/2020 financial year. According to the OECD , the Wellcome Trust's financing for 2019 development increased by 22% to US$ 327 million. The Wellcome Trust's operations are run from two buildings on Euston Road in London . The Wellcome Building, at 183 Euston Road, built in 1932 in Portland stone houses

1440-560: Was Wellcome's first Global Monitor and was intended to "provide robust evidence on how public attitudes vary across different demographic groups and countries." In August 2014, the Wellcome Trust bought the Co-operative Group's farm business (renamed Farmcare ) for £249 million. This comprised "15,997 hectares (39,533 acres) of freehold and third party owned land, 15 farms, including three pack houses, over 100 residential properties, and 27 commercial properties." In 2015,

1480-470: Was a keen collector of medical artefacts which are now managed by the Science Museum, London , and a small selection of which are displayed at the Wellcome Collection . Wellcome was born in a frontier log cabin in what would later become Almond, Wisconsin , to Rev. S. C. Wellcome, an itinerant missionary who travelled and preached in a covered wagon, and Mary Curtis Wellcome. He had an early interest in medicine, particularly marketing. His first product, at

1520-414: Was an American pharmaceutical entrepreneur. He founded the pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Company with his colleague Silas Burroughs in 1880, which is one of the four large companies to eventually merge to form GlaxoSmithKline . He left a large amount of capital for charitable work in his will, which was used to form the Wellcome Trust , one of the world's largest medical charities. He

1560-487: Was derived from what was originally called Burroughs Wellcome , later renamed in the UK as the Wellcome Foundation Ltd. In 1986, the trust sold 25% of Wellcome plc stock to the public. Overseen by incoming Director of Finance Ian Macgregor , this marked the beginning of a period of financial growth that saw the trust's value increase by almost £14 billion in 14 years, as their interests moved beyond

1600-496: Was included on Jeffrey Beall 's list of predatory open access publishing companies. Two members, Hindawi and MDPI - initially called predatory by Beall - were later removed from his list after pressure was applied to his employer. There was also concern around the fact that OASPA had been founded by BioMed Central and other open access publishers, which would cause a conflict of interest in their "seal of approval". OASPA has also been criticized for promoting gold open access in

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