109-592: Oakland Unified School District is a public education school district that operates a total of 80 elementary schools (TK–5), middle schools (6–8), and high schools (9–12). There are also 28 district-authorized charter schools in Oakland, California , United States, serving a total of 48,704 students across both district-run and district-authorized charter schools (as of census day in 2020–21, with 35,489 of those students served by district-run schools). Located in one of California's most diverse cities, OUSD serves
218-548: A further education college or sixth form college to prepare themselves for a wide range of apprenticeships and study. Major provider of vocational qualifications include the Business and Technology Education Council , City and Guilds of London Institute and Edexcel . Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas typically require 1 and 2 years of full-time study and credit from either HNE or Diplomas can be transferred toward an undergraduate degree. Along with
327-509: A grammar school if they pass the eleven plus exam ; there are also a number of isolated fully selective grammar schools and a few dozen partially selective schools . The oldest state school in England is Beverley Grammar School , which was founded in 700 AD. The French educational system is highly centralised, organised, and ramified. It is divided into three stages: Schooling in France
436-525: A historically black university . He earned a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) from the University of Pennsylvania , an Ivy League institution. His first cousin, Justine Wilkinson Washington , also became a noted educator. From 1957 to 1970 Foster taught in the Philadelphia public schools, and served as principal of Dunbar Elementary School, O.V. Catto School for Boys, and Gratz High School. He
545-572: A selective school system where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria, usually academic performance. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced as state schools on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of English secondary school pupils attend a comprehensive state school. Comprehensive schools provide an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that
654-577: A closed school to a new alternative education and administrative building, but are only one fifth of the district's calculated financial need for construction projects. In May 2023, teachers went on strike again citing pay and social issues as the reasons. On May 15, the union (Oakland Education Association) announced they had reached a deal with the district. The district-run schools includes 59 elementary schools, 13 middle schools, 19 high schools, with 9 alternative education schools and programs, 4 adult programs and early childhood education centers at most of
763-493: A diverse population of students. Nearly half of the students in district and charter schools speak a non-English language at home. For the school year 2016–17, 31 percent of OUSD students were English-language learners. OUSD also serves a large population of newcomer students. Seventy-three percent of students receive free or reduced-price meals. OUSD was among the first school districts in the country to implement restorative justice practices to limit or eliminate suspensions. During
872-474: A fraction of the unit cost of government schools. The teacher to student ratio is usually much lower in private schools than in the government ones, creating more competitive students. Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. The Nalanda University was the oldest university-system of education in
981-469: A governmental entity. Private school generally refers to primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions that are not government-owned. Elementary, middle, and high schools that are operated by a religious organization are commonly called parochial schools , though, in practice, the term is generally used to refer only to schools operated by the Catholic Church or mainline denominations;
1090-631: A large city school district. He was appointed in 1970 as Superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District in Oakland, California . Foster was assassinated in 1973 by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), a newly founded leftist terrorist group. Marcus Albert Foster was born in Athens, Georgia , the youngest of five children. When he was three, his family moved to Philadelphia, joining
1199-468: A large number of private schools and universities. In the United States , the term "state school" is colloquial for state university , a college, and a university in a state university system. It is also used by state governments in the names of juvenile prisons , and facilities for disabled people. Instead, the term "public school" is used for elementary, middle, and high schools funded or run by
SECTION 10
#17327796589691308-523: A lot of learning was done out loud. In 1860, there were about 400 students in one-room schoolhouses taught by one teacher, and another school building at Fifth and Broadway taught older students. The first public high school opened in 1869 with 29 students. By the end of the 1870s, there was a public high school and nine public grade schools. In the 1880s, the first kindergarten and the first night school in Oakland opened. A 1909 Chamber of Commerce guide to
1417-447: A number of technology companies, including Salesforce , Intel , Code.org , and Google , and set a goal to make computer science a graduation requirement for the freshman class that begins school in 2017. The first school in Oakland opened in the 1850s and was located in a rented room in the back of a fandango at Second and Washington Streets. On July 12, 1853, the city held a parade to the first official school building. The schoolhouse
1526-416: A part of the free education. With the establishment of the provincial council system in the 1980s the central government handed control of most schools to local governments. However the old schools which had been around since the colonial times were retained by the central government, thus creating three types of government schools: National Schools, Provincial Schools, and Piriven. National Schools come under
1635-401: A pre-school class (mandatory since 2009), the 9-year obligatory course and a voluntary 11th year. It thus caters for pupils aged 6 to 17. It is also possible for parents to send their children to various kinds of private schools . These schools also receive government funding, although they are not public. In addition to this funding, these schools may charge a fee from the parents. England has
1744-533: A state school or government school refers to a school that is state-controlled. These are officially called public schools according to the South African Schools Act of 1996, but it is a term that is not used colloquially. The Act recognised two categories of schools: public and independent. Independent schools include all private schools and schools that are privately governed. Independent schools with low tuition fees are state-aided and receive
1853-477: A strong state-funded school system. There are a number of categories of English state-funded schools including academy schools , community schools , faith schools , foundation schools , free schools , grammar schools , maths schools , studio schools, university technical colleges , state boarding schools and City Technology Colleges . About one third of English state-funded schools are faith schools ; i.e. affiliated with religious groups, most often from
1962-529: A subsidy on a sliding-scale. Traditional private schools that charge high fees receive no state subsidy. State schools are all state-owned, including section 21 schools, formerly referred to as "model C" or semi-private schools, that have a governing body and a degree of budget autonomy, as these are still fully owned and accountable to the state. Under the Canadian constitution , public-school education in Canada
2071-505: A third four-year term by defeating Democrat Bobby Seale , a co-founder of the Black Panthers and advocate of social programs. Foster worked with the groups they represented and also within the environment of a state governed by conservative Republican Ronald Reagan . Foster was shot dead on November 6, 1973, and his deputy Robert Blackburn was wounded, as they left a school board meeting. Members of an unknown group calling itself
2180-460: A wildcat sympathy strike". Rallies continued as teachers from all around the Bay Area took a sick day on January 18, 2019, and gathered at Oakland Technical High School to march to city hall in the name of public education. In an interview at the “sickout”, an Oakland teacher said “We have not had a contract for several years….The district is currently offering a 5% raise amounting to $ 70 extra which
2289-541: A year later that financial instability was due to "the district's poor business practices and broken culture," rather than just outside pressures like declining enrollment. The report found that although the District ranked sixth in per-pupil state funding out of 37 Bay Area school districts, it had far above average spending on non-teaching costs and consultants, and lower than average spending on teachers and special education. Spending for supervisor and administrator salaries
SECTION 20
#17327796589692398-507: Is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include homeschooling , private schools , charter schools , and other educational options. In South Africa ,
2507-615: Is a 12-year compulsory education program from the government. The Indonesian educational system is divided into three stages: Most students attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper secondary and university levels. The first public education system on record was put in place during the Koryo Dynasty. The national school system was put in place under Hak-Je ( Korean : 학제 ; Hanja : 學制 ; lit. Education Policy) enacted by King Seong Jong, which
2616-473: Is a provincial responsibility and, as such, there are many variations among the provinces. Junior kindergarten or equivalent exists as an official program in Ontario and Quebec while kindergarten or equivalent is available in every province, but provincial funding and the level of hours provided varies widely. Starting at grade one, at about age six, there is universal Crown-funded access up to grade twelve, or
2725-683: Is a responsibility shared by the national government, the provinces and federal district and private institutions, though basic guidelines have historically been set by the Ministry of Education. Closely associated in Argentina with President Domingo Sarmiento 's assertion that "the sovereign should be educated." The word "sovereign" refers to the people. Education has been extended nearly universally and its maintenance remains central to political and cultural debate. Even though education at all levels, including universities, has always been free, there are
2834-419: Is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning. Technical education in state schools are introduced during the secondary school years and goes on into further education (FE) and higher education (HE). Further education incorporates vocational oriented education as well as a combination of general secondary education. Students can also go on to
2943-521: Is appointed or elected to co-ordinate the state department of education, the state board of education, and the state legislature. Statewide education policies are disseminated to school districts or their equivalents. They are associated with counties, or with groups of counties, but their boundaries are not necessarily coterminous with county boundaries. The intermediate school districts encompass many local school districts. Local school districts operate with their own local boards, which oversee operations of
3052-608: Is buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland. His widow, Albertine Ramseur Foster, died in 2011. She was buried alongside him. Their daughter, Marsha Foster Boyd, is President Emerita of Ecumenical Theological Seminary in Detroit, Michigan . Foster received the prestigious Philadelphia Award in 1969, which recognizes individuals who have made positive contributions to the city of Philadelphia. After his death, several sites were named in his honor. These included
3161-413: Is essentially a daycare facility. French secondary education is divided into two schools: The completion of secondary studies leads to the baccalauréat . The baccalauréat (also known as bac ) is the end-of- lycée diploma students sit for in order to enter university , a Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles , or professional life. The term baccalauréat refers to the diploma and
3270-529: Is funneled to the private-sector charter schools a year. Leading up to the strike there was a meeting with the Oakland Unified School District Board of Education in which the community of Roots Academy, a school facing closure, testified a plea to keep their school open. Teachers gathered at the #RedforEd rally January 12, demonstrating that they are strike-ready. In show of solidarity, ten non-union charter schools "engaged in
3379-520: Is increasingly common in which the elementary school contains kindergarten or 1st grade to 5th or 6th grade and the middle School contains 6th or 7th and 8th grade. In addition, some elementary schools are splitting into two levels, sometimes in separate buildings: elementary school (usually K–2) and intermediate (3–5). Some middle schools are different. The K–8 format is also an emerging popular concept in which students may attend only two schools for all of their K–12 education. Many charter schools feature
Oakland Unified School District - Misplaced Pages Continue
3488-977: Is its schools. This, the Technical High School, with forges, machine shops, a great auditorium seating 1600 people, chemical laboratories and many other education features which prepare young men and women for an active and useful life, is one of the finest structures of its kind in the United States." A 1915 Board of Education guide to Oakland schools included 46 schools, many of which are still open today. They include Allendale, Claremont, Cleveland, Dewey, Elmhurst, Emerson, Franklin, Frick, Fruitvale, Lincoln, Manzanita, McClymonds, Melrose, Peralta, Piedmont, Prescott, Sequoia, Santa Fe, Fremont High, Oakland High, and Oakland Tech. High school departments included English, History, Foreign Languages, Mathematics, Science, Commercial, Home Economics, Physical Training, Shop and Drawing. Oakland's first teachers' union,
3597-441: Is mandatory as of age three. Primary education takes place in kindergarten ( école maternelle ) for children from 3 to 6 and ( école élémentaire ) from 6 to 11. For public schools, both schools building and administrative staff are managed by the borough's ( commune ) while professors are ( Education nationale ) civil servants. Some children even start earlier at age two in pré-maternelle or garderie class, which
3706-516: Is not enough to keep up with the rising cost of housing in Oakland.” 1 in 5 teachers leave Oakland Unified School District because they cannot afford to teach in the city they live in. When asked if they had enough resources to succeed, three Oakland Tech students replied "No, we don't even have paper in some of the class rooms. Some kids do not have textbooks and they have to do their work at home, where they may not have internet. Our classes are overfilled. Sometimes students will try to print their work in
3815-609: Is provided to a large extent by the government, with control coming from state level, ( Länder ) and funding coming from two levels: federal and state. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through the respective state's ministry of education. Decisions about the acknowledgment of private schools (the German equivalent to accreditation in the US) are also made by these ministries. However, public schools are automatically recognised, since these schools are supervised directly by
3924-590: Is the Education Act of 1996. Education may be obtained from government-sponsored schools, private schools , or through homeschooling . By law, primary education is compulsory . As in other Asian countries such as Singapore and China, standardised tests are a common feature. Philippines has had a public education system since 1863 and is the oldest in Asia. It was created during the Spanish colonization of
4033-604: The série littéraire (L) focuses on French and foreign languages and philosophy . The Grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the mainstream framework of the public universities . They are generally focused on a single subject area, such as engineering , have a moderate size, and are often quite (sometimes extremely) selective in their admission of students. They are widely regarded as prestigious, and traditionally have produced most of France's scientists and executives . Education in Germany
4142-688: The Church of England (approximately 2/3 of faith schools), or the Roman Catholic Church (around 3/10). There are also schools affiliated to other Christian churches; in 2011, there were 42 Jewish, 12 Muslim, 3 Sikh and 1 Hindu faith schools. These faith schools include sub-categories such as faith- academy schools , voluntary aided schools , and voluntary controlled schools : most voluntary controlled schools are faith schools. All of these are funded through national and local taxation. All state-funded schools in England are required to follow
4251-686: The Great Migration of African Americans out of the South. Raised by a single mother, he attended public schools in Philadelphia , graduating from South Philadelphia High School. One of his grandfathers was a bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), and Foster's mother Alice stressed education for all her children. She encouraged his mastery of Standard English. She highlighted its importance as
4360-490: The National Curriculum , which is made up of twelve subjects. Every state school must offer a curriculum which is balanced and broadly based and which promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life. For each of the statutory curriculum subjects,
4469-570: The RedforEd campaign and were organized by the Oakland Education Association (OEA)--a union for teachers—and East Bay Democratic Socialists of America (EBDSA). Oakland Unified School District is under populated with a total of 87 public schools, so they have a plan to close some public, unionized (and predominantly low-income) schools over the next few years in order to save money. $ 57 million meant for public-sector schools
Oakland Unified School District - Misplaced Pages Continue
4578-643: The Secretary of State for Education is required to set out a Programme of Study which outlines the content and matters which must be taught in those subjects at the relevant Key Stages. Teachers should set high expectations for every pupil. They should plan stretching work for pupils whose attainment is significantly above the expected standard. Teachers should use appropriate assessment to set targets which are deliberately ambitious. A high number of state-funded secondary schools are specialist schools , receiving extra funding to develop one or more subjects in which
4687-455: The Symbionese Liberation Army , claimed responsibility. The SLA sent letters to media claiming that they killed Foster because of his alleged support of a plan to require a student identification card system in Oakland, which they called "fascist". The proposed program was intended to reduce vagrancy and keep non-student drug-dealers off campus, and Foster had already gained support from the board to modify it to meet community concerns. Foster
4796-452: The states are also referred to as "public". However, unlike public high schools, public universities usually charge tuition, but fees are usually much lower than those charged by private universities , particularly for students who meet in-state residency criteria. Community colleges , state colleges , and state universities are examples of public institutions of higher education. In particular, many state universities are regarded as among
4905-550: The 2015 school year, 96.1 percent of students were not suspended. Started in 2010, OUSD's African American Male Achievement Initiative enrolls more than 400 students. Students in the program have experienced success, including higher GPAs, higher graduation rates (up over 10 percent), and lower suspension rates (with a decrease of 1 ⁄ 3 for students enrolled in the program). In 2016, OUSD launched an African American Girls and Young Women Achievement Program. In 2015 and 2016, OUSD forged partnerships with and secured grants from
5014-623: The HNC and HND, students who are interested in other vocational qualifications may pursue a foundation degree , which is a qualification that trains students to be highly skilled technicians. The National Apprenticeship Service also offers vocational education where people at ages of 16 and older enter apprenticeships in order to learn a skilled trade . There are over 60 different certifications can be obtained through an apprenticeship, which typically lasts from to 3 years. Trades apprentices receive paid wages during training and spend one day at school and
5123-727: The Havenscourt Campus in East Oakland, achieved a 91 percent graduation rate. The school serves about 450 students and a large percentage are English language learners (170 students in 2014–15). CCPA's ethnic breakdown for the 2013–14 school year consisted of 42.7% Hispanic or Latino students, 28% Black or African American students, 13.2% Asian students, 9.8% White students, 2.6% students of two or more races, and 1.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. Notable Oakland public school graduates include: Public education A state school , public school , or government school
5232-497: The K-8 format in which all elementary grades are housed in one section of the school, and the traditional junior high school students are housed in another section of the school. Some very small school districts, primarily in rural areas, still maintain a K–12 system in which all students are housed in a single school. A few 7–12 schools also exist. In the United States, institutions of higher education that are operated and subsidised by
5341-634: The Marcus A. Foster Education Institute in his honor. In conjunction with Oakland-area businesses, the Institute awards 60 yearly scholarships ranging from $ 1000 to $ 2000 to Oakland high school students. Over 1,500 students have received these scholarships. The Fund also regularly awards up to $ 2000 to Oakland public school teachers who develop innovative educational projects. In 1975, the Association of California School Administrators (ACSA) established
5450-579: The Marcus Foster Memorial Award for Administrator Excellence, which is given annually to an ACSA member who personifies the ideals of Marcus Foster. Recipients of this award receive a $ 5,000 grant for a designated high school senior or seniors. The School District of Philadelphia in 2005 established the Marcus A. Foster Award, which is given annually to a School District administrator for noteworthy contributions in curriculum, instruction, school improvement or administration. Both
5559-497: The Ministry of Education. The Danish school system is supported today by tax-based governmental and municipal funding from day care through primary and secondary education to higher education and there are no tuition fees for regular students in public schools and universities . The Danish public primary schools , covering the entire period of compulsory education, are called folkeskoler (literally 'people's schools' or 'public schools'). The folkeskole consists of
SECTION 50
#17327796589695668-949: The National Board Curriculum. Many children, especially girls, drop out of school after completing the 5th Year in remote areas. In larger cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong , however, this is fairly uncommon. Many good public schools conduct an entrance exam, although most public schools in the villages and small towns usually do not. Public schools are often the only option for parents and children in rural areas, but there are large numbers of private schools in Dhaka and Chittagong. Many Bangladeshi private schools teach their students in English and follow curricula from overseas, but in public schools lessons are taught in Bengali . In China, state schools are funded and administered by
5777-623: The Oakland Federation of Teachers, was first organized on May 3, 1943, as the Alameda County Federation of Teachers, Local 771 of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) to "improve the educational facilities for the children of the nation and to improve the working conditions of the teachers in the public schools." Oakland's first African American Superintendent was Marcus Foster , who was also
5886-571: The Plan for Fiscal Vitality, released between the Grand Jury's investigation and the publication of its report, had already addressed some of the Grand Jury's recommendations. The Board of Education also disagreed or partially disagreed with many of the report's findings. Oakland Unified teachers went on strike for seven days, beginning on February 21, 2019, for fully funded public education, higher wages, and smaller class size. The strikes were part of
5995-465: The United States, 88% of students attend public schools, compared with 9% who attend parochial schools , 1% who attend private independent schools , and 2% who are homeschooled . Public school is normally split up into three stages: elementary school ( kindergarten to 5th or 6th grade), middle ("intermediate" or junior high school) from 5th, 6th, or 7th grade to 8th or 9th grade, and high school (9th or 10th to 12th grade). The middle school format
6104-550: The University of Pennsylvania and University of California, Berkeley Graduate Schools of Education established Marcus Foster Fellowships. During the state-mandated program to retrofit all schools for earthquake safety in the 1970s (and replace some that needed it), the Oakland portion was named the Marcus Foster Earthquake Safe program. After deputy Robert Blackburn recovered from the shooting, he
6213-484: The additional fees. Some parents appreciate the idea as they may send their children to good schools even though they may not be academically qualified, while others believe that it is not fair for someone who has a background of poverty. The public spending on schools in China has been uneven due to insufficient investment in education. This condition is in favor of urban schools and it is promoted by past policies such as
6322-584: The age of sixteen in most provinces, while students in Ontario and New Brunswick must attend schools until the age of 18. Some Canadian provinces offer segregated-by-religious-choice, but nonetheless Crown-funded and Crown-regulated, religiously based education. In Ontario, for example, Roman Catholic schools are known as "Catholic Schools" or "Separate Schools", not "Public Schools", although these are, by definition, no less "public" than their secular counterparts. In some countries, such as Brazil and Mexico ,
6431-627: The athletic fields at Gratz High School and the Marcus Foster Indoor Pool in Philadelphia, and the Student Union building at Cheyney University, his alma mater. In 1973 Foster had founded the Oakland Education Institute, to raise discretionary funds to promote excellence in Oakland schools through the collaborative efforts of Oakland's diverse communities. After his death, the Institute was renamed
6540-713: The best institutions of higher education in the US but usually are surpassed in ranking by certain private universities and colleges, such as those of the Ivy League , which are often very expensive and extremely selective in the students they accept. In several states, the administrations of public universities are elected via the general electoral ballot. Public or Government-funded schools are found throughout Bangladesh . They are referred to as 'Government High School'. These schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examination for students in year 10. All public schools follow
6649-492: The city includes this description of Oakland public schools: "Oakland's chief pride is its public school system and the fact that her schools rank among the highest in the United States. No more modern school buildings can be found in any city in the United States than in Oakland. There are twenty-two public school buildings, and according to the figures of the City Assessor (which, upon municipal property are naturally low)
SECTION 60
#17327796589696758-520: The direct control of the Ministry of Education therefore have direct funding from the ministry. Provincial Schools consists of the vast majority of schools in Sri Lanka which are funded and controlled by the local governments. Piriven are monastic college (similar to a seminary) for the education of Buddhist priests. These have been the centres of secondary and higher education in ancient times for lay people as well. Today these are funded and maintained by
6867-478: The district had opened more schools (Rudsdale Newcomer School, which serves immigrants, and the School of Language, a bilingual middle school), rather than closing them in response to declining enrollment, the report found. The report also criticized "system-wide failures" including "no accountability, lack of trust, and high teacher and administration turnover." Another Alameda County Civil Grand Jury Report published
6976-429: The district vote on whether or not to push the state for a moratorium of charter schools. In 2012, voters passed Measure J, a $ 475 million school facilities bond. The 2018–19 Alameda County Civil Grand Jury report found that mismanagement led to delays in the 21 projects that were to be funded with Measure J, and in 2018, nine of those projects were paused due to budget overruns and the district running out of funds. As of
7085-577: The district, citing family health issues. School board member Dr. Gary Yee was named the acting superintendent. In September 2014, Antwan Wilson became OUSD's fourth superintendent in six years. After just two years at the helm, Wilson resigned in November 2016 to become chancellor of the District of Columbia Public Schools . Devin Dillon, OUSD's deputy superintendent of Academic Social Emotional Learning,
7194-767: The dominant syntax. As a young man, Foster was both exceptionally scholastic and rebellious, opting to frequent the Club Ziger where one had to "smoke a stogie and drink a lot of wine to get in." Furthermore, as a member of the Trojans, a neighborhood men's club, his comrade Frye noted Foster "could hold his hands up". This broad range of youth experience aided Foster throughout his life, and he had an ability to connect with and inspire students of myriad backgrounds, while drawing together disparate adult groups advocating for alternative, at times oppositional, visions of social reform. He graduated in 1947 from Cheyney State College ,
7303-444: The education sector within the government. Although some, especially high schools, have started to charge a fair portion of parents of students an additional tuition fee, due to the increased places offered by the schools in recent years. Top state schools are often very selective, however. Students who miss their entrance requirement may still gain places if they meet a relatively lower requirement and their parents are willing to pay for
7412-499: The elementary schools. There are 38,000 K–12 students in district schools and more than 5,000 employees. In 2015, Montclair Elementary was recognized with the nation's highest honor for a K-12 school, the Blue Ribbon award, which recognizes "exemplary teaching and learning". Only 10 schools in the Bay Area, public or private, received the award that year. Nearly half the students (47 percent) who attend Montclair come from outside
7521-619: The equivalent. Schools are generally divided into elementary schools (kindergarten to Grade 8) and high schools (Grades 9 to 12). However, in many areas, middle schools are also provided and in some schools, particularly in rural areas, the elementary and middle levels can be combined into one school. In 2003, Grade 13, also known as the Ontario Academic Credit or "OAC" year, was eliminated in Ontario; it had previously been required only for students who intended to go on to university. Children are required to attend school until
7630-510: The examinations themselves. It is comparable to British A-Levels , American SATs , the Irish Leaving Certificate and German Abitur . Most students sit for the baccalauréat général which is divided into three streams of study, called séries . The série scientifique (S) is concerned with mathematics and natural sciences , the série économique et sociale (ES) with economics and social sciences , and
7739-410: The exception of kindergarten. All aspects of public education are the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, which executes administration of schools, allocation of funding, certification of teachers and schools, and curriculum development with standardised textbooks across the country. In 2000, South Korea spent 4.2% of its GDP in education. As of the 2007 United Nations Education Index, South Korea
7848-546: The federal government authority to regulate education. However, any public or private school that accepts educational funding from the federal government, including participation in collegiate federal financial aid programs such as Pell Grants and Stafford Loans by accepting the funds or participating in a particular federal program, is subject to federal jurisdiction as a result of that participation. The U.S. Department of Education , based in Washington, D.C. , supervises
7957-495: The first all-electric school bus fleet in the United States. Oakland Unified School District has experienced ongoing financial difficulties in recent years. A 2018 Alameda County Civil Grand Jury report noted that the District had been "in financial peril" for the prior 15 years, with an average $ 20 million to $ 30 million in debt each year, due to budgetary errors and out-of-control spending. Enrollment had dropped from 54,000 to 37,000 students, resulting in decreased state funding, but
8066-461: The first black man to head a major U.S. school district. Born in Athens, Georgia, Dr. Foster arrived in Oakland in 1970, "already a celebrated and proven educator". Foster viewed the three Rs and critical thinking as the building blocks of education. He also emphasized the need for art programs, team sports, and school activities that reflected the life circumstances of the students. In the short time he
8175-415: The first known national public schools called Ju-Hak ( Korean : 주학 ; Hanja : 州學 ) were opened in each Ju and Gun, states and counties, to improve nationwide academic performances. After the ceasefire agreement for the civil war was declared, north and south states of Korea established their own education system. In South Korea , education in public schools (1–12) is compulsory with
8284-489: The goal of developing first-class education in a limited number of schools in a short period of time. The key school system was canceled by the 2006 amendment to the Compulsory Education Law, along with the introduction of reforms that address education inequality. In Hong Kong the term government schools is used for free schools funded by the government. There are also subsidised schools, which are
8393-469: The group's main theorists. By November 1973 and this killing, DeFreeze was the only black member of the small group; the remainder were younger white radicals, most of whom were middle or upper-class, and many of whom had college degrees. Arrested in January 1974 and convicted of being involved in the attack on Foster, founding SLA members Joe Remiro and Russ Little were sentenced to life in prison. Little
8502-692: The individual schools within their jurisdiction. In most states, the county or regional intermediate school districts merely implement state education policy and provide the channels through which a local district communicates with a state board of education, state superintendent, and department of education. They do not establish county or regional policies of their own. Local school districts are administered by local school boards , which operate public elementary and high schools within their boundaries. Public schools are often funded by local taxpayers, and most school boards are elected. However, some states have adopted new funding models that are not dependent upon
8611-585: The islands and mandated the establishment of a school for boys and a school for girls in every municipality. The modern public schools in the Philippines are run by the Department of Education . Some public schools collect miscellaneous school fees to fund school extra-curricular activities or to improve school equipment and services. Most of the schools in Sri Lanka are maintained by the government as
8720-416: The library but there will be no paper if there is no librarian. We did not have a librarian this whole school year until last week." Bread for Ed raised more than $ 175,000 to feed children and families out of school, because "73 percent of [Oakland] students depend on free or reduced lunch from their school". The teachers struck for seven days. "97% of students were out of school, and tens of thousands were on
8829-496: The local economy. Public schools are provided mainly by local governments. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards by jurisdiction over school districts. The school districts are special-purpose districts authorised by provisions of state law. Generally, state governments set minimum standards relating to almost all activities of elementary and high schools, as well as funding and authorisation to enact local school taxes to support
8938-521: The majority in Hong Kong and many of which are run by religious organisations, Direct Subsidy Scheme schools, private schools and international schools in Hong Kong. Some schools are international schools, which are not subsidised by the government. During British rule, a number of state higher education establishments were set up (such as Universities in Chennai , Kolkata , and Mumbai ), but little
9047-519: The mandate for rural public schools to have a higher student-to-teacher ratio. The inequality of resources is exacerbated by the way public schools in urban areas enjoy more support since local governments have more developed economies. Aside from the disparity between urban and rural public schools, there was also the dichotomized system adopted since 1978, which divided schools into two groups: key schools ( zhongdianxiao ) and non-key schools ( putongxiao ). Key schools receive more funding due to
9156-421: The ministry of education bureaucracy. Marcus Foster Marcus Albert Foster (March 31, 1923 – November 6, 1973) was an American educator who gained a national reputation for educational excellence while serving as principal of Simon Gratz High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1966–1969), as Associate Superintendent of Schools in Philadelphia (1969–1970), and as the first black superintendent of
9265-738: The neighborhood. The East Bay Times reported, "One of the school's secrets to success is what (Principal Nancy) Bloom calls the morning intervention acceleration model. Used in the kindergarten, first and second grades, children meet once a week in groups with no more than four or five students and get targeted instruction that meets their individual needs. On the other days, the students are outside doing physical education." The school serves an increasing number of English language learner students and students who receive free and reduced-price meals. In 2016, Collaborative for High Performance Schools praised Montclair Elementary's energy efficient design. In 2015, Coliseum College Prep Academy (CCPA), located on
9374-471: The picket lines", according to Oakland Education Association. On February 28, 2019, OUSD "reached a tentative agreement" with OEA. On Sunday, March 3, Oakland Education Association teachers voted to authorize a new contract to implement an 11 percent increase in teachers' salary for the next four years, plus a 3 percent bonus to account for losses during the strike. The agreement also demands to decrease class size, hold off school closures for five months, and have
9483-519: The publication of the Grand Jury report, $ 12.5 million of bond money had been spent over the prior four years on rented office space for central offices at 1000 Broadway following a flood in the administration building in 2014, despite questions about the legality of this practice. In November 2020, Measure Y will ask voters whether to issue $ 735 million in additional bonds. If passed, the bonds will fund more than 20 projects, including upgrading and expanding seven schools, safety improvements, and converting
9592-513: The rest in the workplace to hone their skills. Grammar schools may be run by the local authority , a foundation body or an academy trust. They select their pupils based on academic ability. The original purpose of medieval grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include Ancient Greek , and later English and other European languages, natural sciences, mathematics, history, geography, art and other subjects. In some localities children can enter
9701-548: The role of the federal government in education. Direct regulation of public, private, and parochial schools is done by state and territorial governments; schools in Washington, D.C., are regulated by the Government of the District of Columbia . Regulation of public schools is typically accomplished through a state education agency and a state department of education. There is usually a state superintendent of schools , who
9810-497: The school land valuations amount to One Million, Ninety-three Thousand, Two Hundred Seventy-five Dollars ... Connected with the High School is a completely equipped observatory, in which the study of astronomy is made effective and interesting with the aid of the most modern instruments." A City of Oakland Chamber of Commerce brochure from 1915, which includes a photo of Oakland Technical High School, states: "The pride of Oakland
9919-454: The school specialises, such as Cirencester Deer Park School which currently has 5 specialisms. State schools may request payment from parents for extracurricular activities such as swimming lessons and field trips, provided these charges are voluntary. Comprehensive schools typically describe secondary schools for pupils aged approximately 11–18, that do not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, in contrast to
10028-680: The schools, primarily through real property taxes. The federal government funds aid to states and school districts that meet minimum federal standards. School accreditation decisions are made by voluntary regional associations. The first free public school in America was the Syms-Eaton Academy (1634) in Hampton, Virginia , and the first tax-supported public school in America was in Dedham, Massachusetts , founded by Rev. Ralph Wheelock . In
10137-577: The term "Christian school" is generally used to refer to schools operated by Evangelical, Pentecostal, Charismatic, or fundamentalist Christian churches. The role of the U.S. federal government in education is limited and indirect. Direct control of education is a power reserved to the states under the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution because the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly or implicitly give
10246-803: The term public schools ( escuelas públicas in Spanish , escolas públicas in Portuguese ) is used for educational institutions owned by the federal, state, or city governments which do not charge tuition. Such schools exist in all levels of education, from the very beginning through post-secondary studies. Mexico has nine years of free and compulsory primary and secondary education. Panama has 11 years of compulsory education, from pre-kindergarten to 9th grade, with children first entering at four or five years old and parents are required by law to give financial support to their children until they are 25 years old if they are studying. Education in Argentina
10355-640: The world. Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British Raj. Education in Indonesia is overseen by two government ministries: the Ministry of Education and Culture for all education matters up to the tertiary education, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs for Islamic school matters up to the tertiary education. Education may be obtained from state schools, private schools , or through homeschooling . There
10464-550: Was appointed as Acting Superintendent of Oakland Schools. Beginning in 1981, he taught Educational Leadership at California State University, Hayward , in the East Bay, and later also at University of California, Berkeley . Escaped convict Donald DeFreeze became known as the SLA spokesman as the group gained notoriety. Patricia Soltysik and Nancy Ling Perry were founding members with him and shared leadership; they were posited as
10573-503: Was appointed as a deputy superintendent. Foster became highly respected in Oakland, negotiating in a volatile environment with numerous groups and people of various political orientations. He worked to raise the success of students in the minority-majority schools, where many families struggled with poverty. There had been a record voter turnout in the May 1973 election for mayor, a part-time position. Republican incumbent John H. Reading won
10682-493: Was at the corner of Fifth and Clay and cost $ 1,000 to construct. The first school house had 16 students and was taught by a woman named Hannah Jayne. She was the only teacher in Oakland until 1855. Franklin Warner was hired soon after as Oakland's first principal. Frederick M. Campbell was hired as Oakland's first Superintendent. Reading, writing and arithmetic were stressed, as well as American history. Paper and books were scarce, so
10791-539: Was done by the British in terms of primary and secondary schooling. Other indigenous forms of education are being revived in various ways across India. According to current estimates, 80% of all Indian schools are government schools making the government the major provider of education. However, because of the poor quality of public education, 27% of Indian children are privately educated. According to some research, private schools often provide superior educational results at
10900-660: Was fired and Governor Gray Davis approved a $ 100 million emergency loan, the biggest school bailout in California history. Chaconas was replaced by a state-appointed administrator, Randolph E. Ward. Ward resigned in July 2006 after being appointed superintendent of the San Diego public school system. Kimberly Statham was named Ward's permanent replacement, but she resigned suddenly on September 17, 2007, ostensibly under pressure from state officials. OUSD Chief of Staff Vincent Matthews
11009-466: Was found to be more than six times the statewide average. Under Superintendent Antwan Wilson, the report said, millions of dollars were wasted as capital projects were halted in the planning stages, and $ 172 million was spent on new construction projects, leaving the district's finances "in shambles." The Board of Education responded that the new Blueprint for Quality Schools, the Citywide Plan, and
11118-658: Was in Oakland, Foster created a climate that gave life to a number of firsts: the Arts Magnet School, Far West School, Street Academy, Montera Film Festival (now the National Educational Film Festival), and the Oakland Education Institute (now the Marcus Foster Education Institute). Foster was murdered by the Symbionese Liberation Army in November, 1973. In 2003, OUSD Superintendent Dennis K. Chaconas
11227-540: Was modelled after the public education systems of the Song and Tang Dynasties in China. Hak-Je involved operating national universities, called Gukjagam in the capital and called HyangAk in other regions. In King SeongJong Year 6, 987 A.D., a pair of a medical doctor and a scholarly doctor were appointed to administer academic systems and curriculums at Hyang-Ak: scholarly education included subjects of geography, history, math, law, and others. In King SeongJong Year 11, 992 A.D.,
11336-420: Was named acting superintendent, effective February 1, 2017. The school board selected Kyla Johnson-Trammell to replace Wilson as superintendent in July 2017. Johnson-Trammell grew up in East Oakland, attended Oakland public elementary and middle schools, and had served the district as a teacher, principal, and administrator. In August 2024, OUSD, in partnership with transportation startup company Zum , introduced
11445-460: Was named interim superintendent. In 2008, the state turned control over OUSD back to the city. The local school board hired an interim superintendent, Roberta Mayor, in July 2008 while the school board undertook a year-long search for a permanent leader. Anthony "Tony" Smith was hired in July 2009 as the district's permanent superintendent. Smith resigned suddenly in April 2013 after four years leading
11554-425: Was noted for his work at Gratz, where he was more successful than predecessors in inspiring the students. He also served as Associate Superintendent for Community Relations. Foster moved to Oakland in 1970 when he was appointed Superintendent of Oakland Public Schools. He was one of the first black superintendents of any major urban school system. Robert Blackburn, a white colleague in Philadelphia, followed him and
11663-502: Was ranked eighth in the world. Education in Malaysia is overseen by two government ministries: the Ministry of Education for matters up to the secondary level, and the Ministry of Higher Education for tertiary education. Although education is the responsibility of the federal government, each state has an Education Department to help co-ordinate educational matters in their respective states. The main legislation governing education
11772-484: Was released after being acquitted on a new trial gained on appeal; he had served five years in prison. Remiro remains incarcerated serving a life sentence; his requests for parole have been rejected. Later Little said that Soltysik had fatally shot Foster, and Perry had fired at Blackburn but "botched that". DeFreeze wounded Blackburn with a shotgun. In May 1974, six SLA members sought refuge in Los Angeles. There
11881-497: Was shot eight times with hollow-point bullets that had been packed with cyanide , a detail that the police did not initially publicize so it could be used as a calling card if necessary. Blackburn was wounded but survived. Police originally discounted the flyers from the unknown SLA, but when the group noted the cyanide in the bullets, law enforcement realized they had a claim. The group was later classified as terrorist based on actions including kidnapping and armed robberies. Foster
#968031