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35-647: Esslingen am Neckar ( Swabian : Esslenga am Neckor ; until 16 October 1964 officially Eßlingen am Neckar ) is a town in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany, seat of the District of Esslingen as well as the largest town in the district. Within Baden-Württemberg it is the 11th largest city . It is located on the river Neckar , about 14 kilometres (9 miles) southeast of Stuttgart city center. The regions surrounding

70-878: A five kilometer gradient out of the Neckar Valley to reach the towns and villages of the Eastern Filder region. In total, the system transported 153 million passengers from Denkendorf and later from Neuhausen to Esslingen, and took delivery of two new open trams in 1958. The line was discontinued in February 1978. Esslingen, along with Solingen and Eberswalde, is one of the last three German towns which still use trolleybuses . The SVE currently operates two lines using electric power: 101: Oberesslingen Lerchenacker Endstation – Esslingen railway station – Stuttgart-Obertürkheim station . 118: Esslingen Railway Station – Zollberg. Apart from this around 50 taxis operate in

105-593: A high speed ' Intercity-Express ' train "Esslingen-am-Neckar". The Stuttgart S-Bahn line S1 which operates between Kirchheim-unter-Teck and Herrenberg via Stuttgart centre, serves the stations of Mettingen, Esslingen (Neckar), Oberesslingen and Esslingen (Zell). Under the planned rebuilding of the railways in central Stuttgart under the Stuttgart 21 scheme, the S1 will be shortened to operate from Kirchheim unter Teck as far as Stuttgart Schwabstraße station. To avoid

140-405: A set of three-winged spear heads. The ending "-ingen" indicates a group of people wherein a man named Azzilo, Hezzilo or Hetsilo was landlord and family patriarch played an influential role. This means the city's name originally meant: "the peoples of Azzilo". This name, for the first time documented in 856 as Ezlinga and 866 as Hetsilinga ended up becoming today's Esslingen. In the 6th century,

175-665: Is the oldest and most populous of Stuttgart's boroughs, and one of the most historically significant towns in the area of Stuttgart. The town is home to the Cannstatter Wasen and Cannstatter Volksfest beer festivals , the MHPArena ( VfB Stuttgart ), the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle , and the Porsche-Arena . Bad Cannstatt's name originates from a Castra stativa , Cannstatt Castrum ,

210-631: The Alemanni . This marks the transfer of power from the Alemanni to the emerging Carolingians. The present name first appeared as the seat of a court held by Charlemagne in the 8th century while trying the rebellious dukes of Alemannia and Bavaria . Cannstatt was the capital of the county of Württemberg into the 14th or 15th century ; the Rotenberg was the location of the ruling house's ancestral castle. Cannstatt subsequently formed part of

245-568: The duchy , electorate , and kingdom of Württemberg . It lay about 2.5 miles (4 km) from Stuttgart proper, although it has since grown to include Bad Cannstatt. In the 13th or 14th century, Louis the Bavarian expanded its rights and privileges to equality with Esslingen . Its 15th-century cathedral was dedicated to St Uffo . In 1755, the Great Lisbon earthquake caused the town hall to subside about 3 feet (1 m). During

280-506: The nervous system ", as well as "diseases of the throat". Cannstatt was the site of Gottlieb Daimler 's invention of the first petroleum-fueled automobile in 1886 and housed an automotive factory before the First World War . Around that time, it also had notable railway and chemical works and a brewery. Cannstatt was incorporated into Stuttgart in 1904. Of the 19 surviving mineral springs, 11 are recognized as state wells. In

315-675: The wars which followed the French Revolution , the town was the site on 21 July 1796 of a French victory over the Austrian Empire . In the 19th century, it boasted an attractive town hall, a royal theater, a market house, the Wilhelma and Rosenstein palaces, and extensive industry including wool-spinning , dyeing , steelmaking , and construction of machinery . There were then about 40 mineral springs, which were considered beneficial for " dyspepsia and weakness of

350-673: The 1st century AD the Esslingen region became part of the Roman Empire. During this period a Roman warehouse was located in the area of Oberesslingen. The nearest major Roman settlements and garrisons were at Cannstatt and Köngen . There are so far no findings from the early Alemanni period, which do exist on the Filder (uplands) nearby. There are findings in Rüdern which suggest a rich grave with eastern influence, including, for example,

385-690: The Alemanni were subjugated by the Merovingians under king Clovis I. But they still took over administrative tasks and formed a Duchy in Francia. In the 8th century they tried to become sovereign again. But the attempt failed near Cannstatt. The end of the Alemannian duchy was marked with the Council of Cannstatt . In an excavation by Günter Fehring, the remains of the Vitalis-Cella under

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420-643: The Counts of Württemberg (later Duchy of Württemberg). About half the population died in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 through famine or epidemics. Esslingen lost its independence as an Imperial city during the Napoleonic era in 1802–1803, becoming part of the Duchy of Württemberg . The city had a defensive wall, part of which remains, including a landmark "fat tower" (Der Dicke Turm) set on

455-566: The Esslingen Graduate School and taught completely in English. Esslingen am Neckar is twinned with: Swabian German Swabian can be difficult to understand for speakers of Standard German due to its pronunciation and partly differing grammar and vocabulary. In 2009, the word Muggeseggele (a Swabian idiom ), meaning the scrotum of a housefly , was voted in a readers' survey by Stuttgarter Nachrichten ,

490-702: The German dubbing of the 2001 movie Monsters Inc. , the Abominable Snowman , played by John Ratzenberger in the original English version and Walter von Hauff in the German version, speaks in the Swabian dialect. Cannstatt Bad Cannstatt , also called Cannstatt (until July 23, 1933) or Kannstadt (until 1900 ), is one of the outer stadtbezirke , or city boroughs, of Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . Bad Cannstatt

525-1121: The Neckarstraße was diverted along unused land on the railway station and lengthened to the west of the site. The next phase, completed in November 2014, was a large-scale redevelopment of the station forecourt to create a bus and rail interchange. The city is home to the Esslingen University of Applied Sciences (German: Hochschule Esslingen ). It is known for its mechanical engineering and automotive engineering courses, and also for its three international master's programs (MBA in International Industrial Management, MEng in Automotive Systems, MEng in Design and Development in Automotive and Mechanical Engineering), which are organised by

560-641: The Städtischer Verkehrsbetrieb Esslingen (SVE, or "Esslingen Transport Company"). On 18 December 1926 the Esslingen-Nellingen-Denkendorf (END) interurban tram began operating. This was the last tram system to be built in Germany before the wave of closures later in the century: after this date permission from the authorities was only given for extensions to existing systems. The tram had to negotiate

595-627: The Swabian-based TV series Ein Fall für B.A.R.Z. In many regions, the Swabian dialect is spoken with a unique intonation that is also present when native speakers speak in SHG. Similarly, there is only one alveolar fricative phoneme /s/ , which is shared with most other southern dialects. Most Swabian-speakers are unaware of the difference between /s/ and /z/ and do not attempt to make it when they speak Standard German. The voiced plosives,

630-487: The church St. Dionysius were uncovered. Proof of settlement dates back to the late Merovingian period. Even older are the single row graves in Oberesslingen and Sirnau. Esslingen was first mentioned in 777 in the last will of Abbot Fulrad from Saint-Denis (near Paris), the chaplain of Pippin and Charlemagne . He bequeathed the sixth cell upon the river Neckar that he had received from an Alemannic nobleman by

665-483: The city of Esslingen are also mostly developed. Esslingen was a free imperial city for several centuries until it was annexed by Württemberg in 1802. The German Timber-Frame Road passes through the city. There is archaeological evidence that what is now the city of Esslingen was settled since the Neolithic period. Traces of human settlement found at the site of the city church date back to around 1000 B.C. In

700-603: The convergence of various regional trails. The area was inhabited by the Seelberg mammoth hunters during the last glacial period . The town was founded during the Roman period , records survive of Roman knowledge of the area's springs. The nearby Sielberg is notable for its caverns and fossils . In 746 Carloman, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia , called a council at Cannstatt, arrested and executed virtually all nobles of

735-436: The difference in the formation of the past participle of 'sein' (to be) into gwäa and gsei. The Gsei group is nearer to other Alemannic dialects , such as Swiss German . It can be divided into South-East Swabian , West Swabian and Central Swabian . The Danube Swabians from Hungary, Romania, and former Yugoslavia have been speaking several different Swabian dialects, called locally Schwowisch , some being similar to

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770-500: The direction of Ulm there are two entry and exit points to the dual carriageway. This makes it is possible to reach the center of Esslingen directly from Stuttgart, and to drive from central Esslingen directly onto the Dual Carriageway in the direction of Ulm without having to pass traffic lights. Despite the six to eight lanes on the new Pliensau Bridge and the surrounding roads, the infrastructure around Pliensauvorstadt and

805-457: The hill and vineyards above the city. The beginning of the 19th century was characterized by industrialization. Glove manufacturing, food processing, textiles, and metal working were early industries in Esslingen. On 20 November 1845 the first train ran from Cannstatt to Esslingen station . Esslingen was occupied by U.S. troops starting in April 1945, at the very end of World War II . During

840-402: The largest newspaper in Stuttgart , as the most beautiful Swabian word , well ahead of any other term. The expression is used in an ironic way to describe a small unit of measure and is deemed appropriate to use in front of small children (compare Bubenspitzle ). German broadcaster SWR 's children's website, Kindernetz , explained the meaning of Muggeseggele in their Swabian dictionary in

875-720: The long S-Bahn route to the airport via Stuttgart, the Bus 122, operated by the END Company, now runs directly from the central bus and rail interchange to the airport via Ostfildern Scharnhausen. The Esslingen Urban Tram system was opened in May 1912 and closed on 7 July 1944 after 32 years of operation. It was replaced by trolley buses. The operating company, the Esslinger Städtische Straßenbahn (ESS, translated Esslingen Town Tramway) changed its name in 1944 to

910-511: The massive Roman Castra that was erected on the hilly ridge in AD 90 to protect the valuable river crossing and local trade. In the past, Bad Cannstatt has been known as simply Cannstatt or Kannstatt , Cannstadt , Canstatt , Kanstatt , and Condistat . Its name was changed to include " Bad " ( German : Bath ) to mention the town's spas on 23 July 1933 . Bad Cannstatt lies on the Neckar at

945-401: The name of "Hafti" to his monastery, Saint-Denis. He also brought the bones of Saint Vitalis to Esslingen, which made it a destination for pilgrims and led to its growth. Around 800 Esslingen became a market town , its market rights being certified in 866. In 949–953 it was a possession of Liudolf, Duke of Swabia . Esslingen received city rights in 1229 under Emperor Frederick II . During

980-820: The original Swabian dialect, but also the Bavarian dialect, mostly with Palatine and Hesse mixed dialects. In this regard, the Banat Swabians speak the Banat Swabian dialect . The Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Commerce launched an advertising campaign with the slogan "Wir können alles. Außer Hochdeutsch." which means "We can [do] everything. Except [speak] Standard German" to boost Swabian pride for their dialect and industrial achievements. However, it failed to impress Northern Germans and neighboring Baden. Dominik Kuhn ( Dodokay ) became famous in Germany with Swabian fandub videos, dubbing among others Barack Obama with German dialect vocals and revised text. In

1015-567: The post-alveolar fricative, and the frequent use of diminutives based on " l " suffixes gives the dialect a very "soft" or "mild" feel, often felt to be in sharp contrast to the harder varieties of German spoken in the North. Swabian is categorized as an Alemannic dialect, which in turn is one of the two types of Upper German dialects (the other being Bavarian ). The Swabian dialect is composed of numerous sub-dialects, each of which has its own variations. These sub-dialects can be categorized by

1050-614: The route to Zollberg still suffers from frequent congestion. Esslingen is also on the German Timber-Frame Road . Esslingen (Neckar) station is on the Fils Valley Railway and is served by line S 1 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn and regional services. The town is on the main rail line between Stuttgart and Ulm, operated by Deutsche Bahn , the main German rail operator. In 2009, the company named

1085-479: The same period the still-extant Neckar bridge was built, making Esslingen a major center for trade on the route between Italy, Switzerland, and northern Germany. Taxes provided by the bridge and market led to further growth of the town, as did the export of the highly regarded wines from the region. The period between the 13th century and 16th century saw many conflicts between the Free Imperial City and

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1120-427: The town. In 1994 A car-sharing company opened a station in Esslingen. An ambitious redevelopment project has been in progress since 2004 in the area near the railway station. The current phase of this project is a large redevelopment of the station forecourt costing about 7.4 million euros. The Baden-Württemberg State Environment and Transport ministry helped fund this with a grant of 4.9 million euros. During 2009

1155-594: The town. The junction on the Bundesautobahn 8 Karlsruhe - Munich which serves Esslingen is just after the airport when traveling towards Munich. Esslingen is directly on the B10 State Highway which runs as a dual carriageway from Stuttgart to Süßen , and continues onward to Ulm . The exit for Esslingen, just after the B10 passes under the ancient Pliensau Bridge, is particularly unusual, because in

1190-511: The war the city suffered very little damage, and it was peaceably surrendered to the approaching allied forces, thus the medieval character of its city center has been mostly preserved. After the Second World War about 47,000 people moved to Esslingen, mostly refugees and displaced persons from East Germany. Housing developments in Oberesslingen and Zollberg were created to overcome the shortage of housing. In 1973 Nürtingen district

1225-469: Was merged with Esslingen am Neckar, making Esslingen the seat of a much enlarged district . Largest groups of immigrants by 31.12.2020 : Stuttgart Airport , the largest airport in Baden-Württemberg , is located in the Esslingen District, roughly ten kilometers south of the town, on the border with the town of Leinfelden-Echterdingen . A plane owned by Lufthansa has been named after

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