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193-480: The UC Davis pepper spray incident occurred on November 18, 2011, during an Occupy movement demonstration at the University of California, Davis . After asking the protesters to leave several times, university police pepper sprayed a group of student demonstrators as they were seated on a paved path in the campus quad. The video of UC Davis police officer Lt. John Pike pepper-spraying demonstrators spread around

386-575: A Hispanic-Serving Institution by the 2018–2019 school year, with at least 25% of the undergraduate student body consisting of Latinos. Women comprised 60.4% of undergraduates in Fall 2018. University of California-Davis was first listed as a census designated place by the United States Census Bureau in the 2010 U.S. Census . The CDP is mostly contiguous with the campus but does include some adjacent private student housing that

579-550: A May Day general strike that took place in cities across the U.S., including New York; Washington, D.C.; Chicago; and Los Angeles. This included a revival of the Free University of New York . The longest US "re-occupation" started on 1 December 2011, when evicted activists from the Occupy Portland camp set up a table on the plaza of Portland's City Hall and lit a candle, igniting the 24/7 Prayer Vigil to Lift

772-621: A National Medal of Science . In 1868, the University of California was established as a land-grant university , and immediately founded a College of Agriculture as its first college as required by the Morrill Land-Grant Acts and the university's own Organic Act . UC operated a small farm at the Berkeley campus for several years after Ezra S. Carr became professor of agriculture, but he managed to alienate both

965-514: A $ 300 million public-private partnership to form the largest zero net energy community in the United States, known as UC Davis West Village. West Village will provide housing for 3,000 students, faculty and staff and will help the university recruit and retain top faculty. The project will include 662 apartments, 343 single-family homes, 42,500 square feet of commercial space, a recreation center and study facilities. West Village will also host

1158-580: A Revolution by Ruaridh Arrow which premiered in Boston on 18 September was screened in Occupy camps across the US and Europe. Sharp himself warned that many of the tactics the movement were employing were not effective. In an Al Jazeera interview, he said, "The [Occupy] protesters don't have a clear objective, something they can actually achieve. If they think they will change the economic system by simply staying in

1351-407: A UC Davis spokesman announced that Pike was no longer employed by the university. Nearly a year later, on July 27, 2013, it was reported that Pike had filed for workers compensation , and hoped to receive a monetary award for what he termed a "psychiatric injury" due to threats he received after his identity was made public. A settlement conference was scheduled for August 13, 2013. In October 2013, it

1544-561: A UC general campus was supervised by its second chancellor, Emil M. Mrak , who served from 1959 to 1969. Mrak fondly recalled his bicycle-riding days as a child among the orchards of the Santa Clara Valley , and during his chancellorship, he worked hard to make the Davis campus into a bicycle-friendly place. When Mrak retired in 1969, the campus administration building was named Mrak Hall in his honor. Davis's Graduate Division

1737-690: A communique titled "After the Fall: COMMUNIQUÉS FROM OCCUPIED CALIFORNIA" was published that analyzed and summarized an autumn of radical action in terms that resonated with the later Occupy Wall Street movement/tactic. Occupy Wall Street (OWS) began on September 17, 2011, in New York City's Zuccotti Park in the Wall Street financial district with protests focused on social and economic inequality , high unemployment, greed, as well as corruption, and

1930-607: A dispersal order." The ACLU expressed "grave concerns" about the use of batons on protesters. The UC Student Association released a statement saying "UC Students are outraged by the brutal tactics used by the UCPD against students." In response to the police brutality and other perceived failings of UC Berkeley chancellor Robert Birgeneau and the UC Regents , the Occupy Cal General Assembly called for

2123-442: A few more faculty members, the university was able to provide almost all courses of a "complete undergraduate program" at Davis—that is, a four-year program leading to the bachelor's degree. The first class graduated from Davis in 1926. UC regularly appointed faculty members to joint positions at both Berkeley and Davis. This was possible because the two campuses are separated by only 53 miles (85 km). Sharing faculty meant that

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2316-539: A formal investigation, and Pike's departure in July 2012. Documents released in 2016 through a public records request showed that the university had spent at least $ 175,000 to attempt to "scrub the Internet of negative postings" about the incident, in efforts that started in 2013. California newspaper The Sacramento Bee obtained a document outlining the public relations strategy, which stated: "Nevins and Associates

2509-557: A general UC strike on November 15, 2011. Other student groups from around the state announced plans to join in the protest. On November 11, the UC Davis Faculty Association also voted to endorse the November 15 systemwide strike. University Professor Bob Ostertag echoed these sentiments in a public letter about the earlier events at UC Berkeley: Chancellor Robert Birgeneau thus joins the likes of Bull Connor,

2702-481: A general campus). However, Freeborn retired in 1959 after only one year as chancellor, then died the next year. In October 1959, Davis was formally designated by the regents as a general campus and its chancellor was vested with the same autonomy as the chancellors at UC Berkeley and UCLA—meaning that like them, Davis's chancellor would now report directly to the university's president. The Board of Regents declared that Davis's College of Agriculture "will continue to be

2895-534: A general strike on Monday, November 28 to prevent a vote by the UC regents on tuition increases. On November 21, Katehi attended a large student protest attended by an estimated 5,000 people. After listening to their statements, Katehi said she was there to apologize. On the following day, she stated that the police had gone against her specific orders to act peacefully when removing tents or equipment, and not to proceed if there were too many students, and she had not approved

3088-565: A global protest on 15 October . A list of events for 15 October included 951 cities in 82 countries. On 15 October events were held in many cities worldwide. On 17 September 2011, 1,000 protesters gathered in lower Manhattan walking up and down Wall Street. About 100 to 200 people stayed overnight in Zucotti Park, two blocks north of Wall Street. By 19 September, seven people had been arrested. At least 80 arrests were made on 24 September after protesters started marching uptown and forcing

3281-548: A meeting of the CSU Trustees. Protesters were sprayed with pepper spray. At least one student who was pepper sprayed was also put on her stomach by police, hog-tied and placed in handcuffs, which was a clear violation of CSU's own policies. On Thursday, November 17, 2011, a group of Occupy UC Davis demonstrators once again set up tents, this time on the campus quad between Memorial Union and Shields Library. On November 18, Katehi, citing safety concerns about people from outside

3474-407: A movement to assist home owners who had lost or were scheduled to lose their homes due to foreclosure as a result of what they called the illegal practices used by banks that took advantage of consumers. The group planned to occupy foreclosed homes, disrupt bank auctions, and block evictions. The movement has been described as having an "overriding commitment" to participatory democracy . Much of

3667-576: A new Division of Agriculture, which included the existing statewide College of Agriculture at Berkeley, Davis, Los Angeles, and Riverside; the agricultural extension field stations; and the county farm offices. The provosts at Davis and Riverside reported to the president through this new vice-president (rather than through the College of Agriculture). Stanley B. Freeborn served as Davis's first provost from 1952 to 1958 and then as its first chancellor from 1958 to 1959 (in anticipation of its promotion to

3860-662: A particular location, then they are likely to be very disappointed. Protest alone accomplishes very little." In late May 2011, sociologist Manuel Castells congratulated Spanish occupiers for the fact that not a single violent incident had been reported after 11 days of camping all over Spain. Castells said that nonviolence was of fundamental importance, and was echoed by various other sociologists and social historians including Lester Kurtz, Prof. Maurice Isserman and Prof. Tom Juravich . Juravich and others have, however, said that conflict can be important in attracting attention, with much to be gained if occupiers are seen as victims of

4053-500: A peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, address a growing disparity in wealth, and the absence of legal repercussions in the 2007–2008 financial crisis . Adbusters co-founder Kalle Lasn registered the OccupyWallStreet.org web address on 9 June. According to Micah White , the senior editor of the magazine, "[we] basically floated the idea in mid-July into our [email list] and it

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4246-875: A portion of the grounds of the Portland ICE building. The blockade caused the building to shut down for several days, with ICE staff citing "safety concerns". On 25 June, Feds ordered the protesters to vacate government environs or face arrest. On 28 June 2018, Federal officers moved in the early morning to remove or arrest protesters blockading the building. Eight were arrested. On 19 August 2018, Occupy Kalamazoo began an encampment in Bronson Park to address homelessness. The group's efforts notably received support from local Commissioner Shannon Sykes, who criticized her colleagues in government for "failing to create more affordable housing." On 20 February 2012 near Margaryan Maternity Clinic, where kiosks were being built by

4439-545: A proposed settlement of a class-action lawsuit. The school also offered to pay $ 50,000 of the students' legal fees and set aside an additional $ 100,000 for any future claims related to the incident, which would allow each additional claimant up to $ 20,000 in damages. Journalist Laura Flanders described the events as a " Bull Connor Moment," an allusion to the Birmingham, Alabama sheriff who infamously deployed fire hoses and attack dogs against peaceful protestors during

4632-483: A recommended minimum distance of six feet. Bystanders recorded the incident with cell-phone cameras, while members of the crowd chanted "Shame on you" and "Let them go" at the police officers. Eleven protesters received medical treatment; two were hospitalized. According to the UC Davis police chief, the officers were forced to use pepper spray when students surrounded them. One of the officers who used pepper spray on

4825-597: A resolution stating its informal support of the Occupy movement. In October 2012, Andy Haldane the Executive Director of Financial Stability at the Bank of England stated that the protesters were right to criticise and had persuaded bankers and politicians "to behave in a more moral way". In 2009 and 2010, students across the University of California occupied campus buildings in protest against budget cuts, tuition hikes, and staff cutbacks that had resulted from

5018-588: A review of police procedures for the task force. The Davis Division of the UC Academic Senate (the faculty of the University of California) conducted their own, separate investigation concurrently as well. Personnel in the Yolo County district attorney's office and Yolo County sheriff's department also reviewed the pepper spray incident to determine whether there was any "criminal conduct". Finally, President Yudof instructed Christopher Edley , dean of

5211-687: A series of protests at UC Berkeley . A major theme of the Occupy demonstrations at California public universities was the role of education in creating jobs and improving the quality of life of society and the contrasting failure of the UC Regents and the State of California to honor commitments made in the California Master Plan for Higher Education . 81% tuition increases for students, mandatory furloughs (including for professors), firings of lower-ranking workers (especially those working directly with students), and well-publicized raises for

5404-466: A sidewalk and conspiracy. In May 2013 they accepted a plea agreement and were each convicted only of an infraction and sentenced to 80 hours of community service. On November 18, 2011, police arrived wearing riot gear at 3:15 pm and began removing tents and arresting demonstrators obstructing the removal of tents at 3:35 pm. A group of demonstrators staged a sit-in on the walkway in the quad, linking arms together and refusing to move. This blockade prevented

5597-404: A single bull horn could not reasonably communicate a message to 700 demonstrators". On 5 October 2011, joined by union members, students, and the unemployed, the demonstration swelled to the largest yet with an estimated 15,000 marchers joining the protest. Smaller protests continued in cities and on college campuses across the country. Thousands of union workers joined protesters marching through

5790-462: A statement online that, henceforth, Pike's "information [would be] public domain". The San Francisco Chronicle reported that Pike subsequently received some seventeen thousand angry or threatening emails, ten thousand text messages, and hundreds of letters, causing him to state that he suffered from depression and anxiety , which helped him achieve a worker's-compensation claim settlement of $ 38,056. Occupy movement The Occupy movement

5983-480: A system that can be traced in part to the Quaker movement several centuries ago, to participatory democracy in ancient Athens , and to the spokescouncils of the 1999 anti-globalization movement . At the assemblies, working group proposals are made to meeting participants, who comment upon them using a process called a stack ; a queue of speakers that anyone can join. In New York City, Occupy Wall Street uses what

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6176-423: A table on the plaza of Portland's City Hall and lit a candle, igniting a Prayer Vigil/Occupation of City Hall that lasted 18 months. On 22 December The Washington Post reported that some of the cities which had forcefully disbanded occupy camps were now facing legal challenges. On 2 January 2012, Occupy Nigeria began, sparked by Nigeria's President Goodluck Jonathan announcing the ending of fuel subsidies in

6369-399: A task force to investigate the incident. The task force was composed of students, faculty, staff, and members from the UC community and led by former California Supreme Court Justice and UC Davis Professor Emeritus of Law, Cruz Reynoso . President Yudof also contracted Kroll Inc. and its chairman, former Los Angeles Police Chief William J. Bratton , to conduct the factual investigation and

6562-569: A task force to review the incident and report their findings and recommendations within 90 days. Also that evening, the board of the UC Davis Faculty Association issued a statement calling for both the immediate resignation of the Chancellor and an end to police removal of non-violent demonstrators from the campus: Given the recent use of excessive force by police against "occupy" protestors at UC Berkeley and elsewhere,

6755-415: A third of their lives sleeping. Prohibiting sleep by making it illegal for people to protect themselves and their belongings from the elements causes sleep deprivation ; it is inhumane, unconstitutional, and amounts to torture. The activists said the prayer vigil would continue until "bedding matter" was again legal. The vigil was staffed around the clock until 23 July 2013, when Mayor Charlie Hales ordered

6948-557: A thorough investigation into law enforcement activities surrounding Occupy Wall Street — and its national offshoots — to determine whether the police have indeed violated the civil liberties of demonstrators or members of the media." In the letter, Nadler notes that Occupy UC Davis was one of at least eight separate events recorded on video at Occupy demonstrations throughout the United States where "significant and unwarranted force in making arrests" occurred. In Sacramento, on December 14, 2011, state legislators questioned Katehi in regard to

7141-533: A three-year non-degree vocational program . The vocational program was shortened from three to two years in 1923. In 1916, the Farm's 314 students occupied the original 778 acres (315 ha) campus. The institution grew at a breakneck pace over the next four decades. By 1951, it had expanded to a size of 3,000 acres (1,200 ha). Along the way, it was renamed in 1922 to become the Northern Branch of

7334-477: A trap and then arresting them. In June 2012, a federal judge ruled that the protesters had not received sufficient warning of arrest pending entrance onto the Brooklyn Bridge. Although video evidence showed the police warning protesters by bullhorn, after reviewing it, Judge Jed S. Rakoff sided with plaintiffs, saying, "a reasonable officer in the noisy environment defendants occupied would have known that

7527-674: A year to select a site for the University Farm, a 779-acre portion of the stock farm of Jerome C. Davis , near a tiny town then known as Davisville. The regents officially took control of the property in September 1906 and constructed four buildings in 1907. Short courses were first offered in October and November 1908, and then the University Farm officially opened in 1909 as the University Farm School, offering

7720-429: Is a political slogan used by participants in the Occupy movement. It was originally launched as a Tumblr blog page in late August 2011. It refers to the concentration of wealth among the top 1% of income earners compared to the other 99 percent; the top 1 percent of income earners nearly tripled their after-tax income over the last thirty years, according to a Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report. The report

7913-454: Is a public land-grant research university in Davis, California , United States. It is the northernmost of the ten campuses of the University of California system. The institution was first founded as an agricultural branch of the system in 1905, known as the University Farm, and became the sixth campus of the University of California in 1959. Founded as a primarily agricultural campus,

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8106-790: Is also home to the University Airport, Foundation Plant Services, the California National Primate Research Center, and the Contained Research Facility, a bio-safety level 3 facility. To the south side of the campus core is the 100-acre UC Davis Arboretum , which includes 3.5 miles of paved paths, 4,000 tree specimens, Putah Creek and Lake Spafford. On March 10, 2017, a multi-year waterway enhancement project began. There are seven public art statues found around campus, collectively called The Egghead Series, sculpted by

8299-464: Is appropriate "only if a person is physically threatening a police officer or another person." On November 19, after holding a press conference , Katehi walked out of an administration building and was confronted by hundreds of silent demonstrators who lined the sidewalk as she made the three-block walk to a waiting vehicle. Katehi appeared on CNN shortly after, expressing some remorse but ultimately defending her actions. She also called for creation of

8492-459: Is called a progressive stack , in which people from marginalized groups are sometimes allowed to speak before people from dominant groups, with facilitators , or stack-keepers, urging speakers to "step forward, or step back" based on which group they belong to, meaning that women and minorities get to go to the front of the line, while white males must often wait for a turn to speak. The progressive stack concept has been criticized by some outside

8685-545: Is headed by the executive vice-chancellor and provost (EVCP). In their capacity as executive vice-chancellor, the EVCP shares with the chancellor in the overall leadership and management of campus administration and operations, whereas as provost, the EVCP is UC Davis' chief academic officer. The senior staff provides executive support to the Offices of the Chancellor and Provost. The Council of Deans and Vice-Chancellor consists of

8878-547: Is large enough to accommodate over 11,000 students. Typically, campus operated housing is reserved exclusively for first-year students, whereby other students are required to seek housing off-campus at apartments or rented homes. The northwest end of campus holds the majority of the Segundo undergraduate housing complex, and various alternative housing sites, such as Orchard Park, Russell Park, The Colleges at LaRue Apartments, and Primero Grove. The Activities and Recreation Center, or

9071-550: Is located adjacent to the Arboretum Waterway, at the Eastern end of campus. The Davis Arboretum is a public botanic garden with over 4,000 kinds of trees and plants, including many California native plants , which has been developed over 100 acres (40 ha) along The Waterway. The Cuarto undergraduate (freshmen and transfer students) housing complex is located one block off-campus, across Russell Boulevard. Unlike

9264-883: Is located between North Hall and Young Hall. The Yin & Yang egg heads have been recast and duplicated for installation near the Port of San Francisco Ferry Building in San Francisco. Museums on campus include the C.N. Gorman Museum , specializing in indigenous and Native American art; and the Manetti Shrem Museum of Art , with a focus on local artists from the Bay Area Figurative Movement , Pop art and Funk art movements. UC Davis Student Housing operates 23 residence halls totaling 29 buildings which are organized into three areas: Segundo, Tercero, and Cuarto. UC Davis Student Housing

9457-658: Is much more commonly said to have begun in New York during September. On 30 May 2011, a leader of the Indignados , inspired by the Arab Spring , 5.18 Movement of 1980, and June Democracy Movement of 1987 called for a worldwide protest on 15 October . In mid-2011, the Canadian-based group Adbusters Media Foundation , best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine Adbusters , proposed

9650-501: Is not within the Davis city limits. Per the 2020 census , the population was 8,525. The university has 102 undergraduate majors and 101 graduate programs. It has a Department of Viticulture and Enology (concerning the scientific study of grape-growing and winemaking) that has been and continues to be responsible for significant advancements in winemaking utilized by many Californian wineries. The campus claims to be noted for its top-rated Agricultural and Resource Economics programs and

9843-404: Is prepared to create and execute an online branding campaign designed to clean up the negative attention the University of California, Davis, and Chancellor Katehi have received related to the events that transpired in November 2011". The strategy included an "aggressive and comprehensive online campaign to eliminate the negative search results" intended to achieve the "eradication of references to

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10036-704: Is symbolically significant as the birthplace of the British Empire, and the encampment is seen by some protesters to represent an occupation of colonialism vis-a-vis its birth site. There are currently a number of court proceedings across Canada on whether or not the eviction of protestors and violence from police is an infringement of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Around 800 student protestors began occupying universities across Colombia on 12 November 2011. UC Davis The University of California, Davis ( UC Davis , UCD , or Davis )

10229-561: Is the only comprehensive academic design unit of the University of California system. There is also the Mondavi Center for the Performing Arts which features artists from all over the globe. UC Davis undergraduate majors are divided into four colleges (with their founding in parentheses): UC Davis is considered to be a " Public Ivy ." In its 2023 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked UC Davis tied for

10422-643: The American Civil Rights Movement . Viewing footage of the incident, political strategist Ron Christie described it on Hardball with Chris Matthews as "excessive force", saying, "I wouldn't call that pepper spray , I'd say that was a pepper-hose ." The image of Pike using his pepper spray on the occupy demonstrators became an Internet meme . Images have been manipulated to depict him pepper spraying various famous people, works of art and other objects and have received widespread coverage in media. The activist group Anonymous posted

10615-637: The Big West Conference with additional sports in the Big Sky Conference (football only) and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation . Athletes from UC Davis have won a total of 10 Olympic medals . University faculty, alumni, and researchers have been the recipients of two Nobel Prizes , one Fields Medal , a Presidential Medal of Freedom , three Pulitzer Prizes , three MacArthur Fellowships , and

10808-525: The Debt Collective , a successor of Strike Debt, worked to get students of a fraudulent for-profit college absolved of their debt with some success. On 3 April 2016, hundreds of supporters of Bernie Sanders protested outside of CNN's Headquarters in Los Angeles . Sanders supporters were protesting CNN 's coverage of the 2016 United States presidential elections , specifically in regard to

11001-490: The Great Recession which started in 2007, the share of total wealth owned by the top 1% of the population grew from 34.6% to 37.1%, and that owned by the top 20% of Americans grew from 85% to 87.7%. The Great Recession also caused a drop of 36.1% in median household wealth but a drop of only 11.1% for the top 1%, further widening the gap between the 1% and the 99%. During the economic expansion between 2002 and 2007,

11194-617: The International Congress of 1872 . The Occupy Cafe along with the Decentrale Co-operative continues to assist those wishing to participate in the continuing "decentralisation of the power" of banks and corporate entities; and, to encourage global activism through developing trust and value networks. After an approximate two-year hiatus in activism on location, the Occupy Movement organized

11387-603: The International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) reached a tentative agreement, mediated by Washington state governor Christine Gregoire . The agreement resolved a year-long dispute, paving the way for ILWU Local 21 workers to work inside the $ 200 million grain terminal at the Port of Longview in south-west Washington state . This came after "Occupy the Ports" protests which shut down multiple ports on

11580-672: The Occupy ICE phase in order to protest the actions of US Immigration and Customs Enforcement office regarding the detention of undocumented immigrants presenting themselves at the southern US border points to seek asylum. While small groups of protesters emerged across the country in protest against the separation of families who were detained during immigration processing, a group swarmed the ICE facility in SoHo , causing it to shut down temporarily. In Oregon, hundreds of Occupy ICE activists took over

11773-573: The Occupy movement against economic inequality, students at UC Davis organized the Occupy UC Davis protests in opposition to tuition hikes. On November 18, 2011, a campus police officer, Lieutenant John Pike, used pepper spray on a group of seated peaceful demonstrators when they refused to disperse, and another officer also pepper sprayed demonstrators at Pike's direction. The incident drew international attention and led to further demonstrations,

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11966-506: The U.S. Army Signal Corps took over Davis to use the campus as a training facility. The Davis campus was not returned to civilian use until the end of 1944. From 1926 to 1947, all Davis students earning bachelor's degrees had to travel to Berkeley for graduation. In 1948, "the regents agreed to decentralize graduations". In a ceremony at Davis that year, UC President Robert Gordon Sproul "awarded 101 bachelor of science degrees in agriculture", along with 195 certificates to graduates of

12159-473: The UC Berkeley School of Law , and Charles Robinson, general counsel for the University of California, to conduct a separate review of protocols concerning non-violent protests at all ten UC campuses. Alleged use of excessive force by police against students and demonstrators was said to be part of a larger pattern observed within the state of California and across the United States. The board of

12352-573: The United Auto Workers (UAW) led teaching assistants at UC Davis and other UC campuses in a strike that lasted several weeks. On December 16, 2022, the UCs reached a tentative agreement with the UAW. In 2023, three people were stabbed over the course of five days, two of whom died. On Thursday, May 4, 2023, Davis Police arrested a former UC Davis student, Carlos Reales Dominguez, as a suspect for

12545-747: The United States Department of Justice investigate the actions of law enforcement during the nationwide Occupy protests to determine if the civil liberties of demonstrators and reporters were violated. According to Nadler, Occupy UC Davis was one of at least eight separate events recorded on video at Occupy demonstrations throughout the United States where "significant and unwarranted force in making arrests" occurred. As of March 2012, Occupy UC Davis continued to engage in organized meetings, events, and UC Davis-specific actions, in addition to joining actions of allied occupations such as those of Oakland, UC Berkeley, and Woodland. On July 31, 2012,

12738-491: The global financial system control the world in a way that disproportionately benefits a minority, undermines democracy and causes instability. The first Occupy protest to receive widespread attention, Occupy Wall Street in Zuccotti Park , Lower Manhattan , began on 17 September 2011. By 9 October, Occupy protests had taken place or were ongoing in over 951 cities across 82 countries, and in over 600 communities in

12931-466: The "revolutionary potential of [the students'] struggle". The Spanish Indignados movement began in mid-May 2011, with camps at Madrid and elsewhere. According to sociologist Manuel Castells , by the end of the month there were already hundreds of camps around Spain and across the world. For some journalists and commentators the camping in Spain marked the start of the global occupy movement, though it

13124-439: The 2008 crash, and form a presidential commission to investigate and prosecute corruption in politics. According to Bloomberg Businessweek , protesters wanted more and better jobs, more equal distribution of income, bank reform, and a reduction of the influence of corporations on politics. The movement has also been described as broadly anticapitalist . Some commentators such as David Graeber and Judith Butler criticized

13317-469: The 6th-best public university in the United States, tied for 28th nationally and tied for 73rd globally. Washington Monthly ranked UC Davis 13th in its 2020 National University ranking, based on its contribution to the public good as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service. Money magazine ranked UC Davis 10th in the country out of 739 schools evaluated for its 2020 "Best Colleges for Your Money" edition and 4th in its list of

13510-1086: The 99 percent." Protests were largely peaceful; however, a protest in Rome that drew thousands turned violent. Thousands of Occupy Wall Street protesters gathered in Times Square in New York City and rallied for several hours. Several hundred protesters were arrested across the U.S., mostly for refusing to obey police orders to leave public areas. In Chicago there were 175 arrests, about 100 arrests in Arizona (53 in Tucson , 46 in Phoenix), and more than 70 in New York City, including at least 40 in Times Square. Multiple arrests were reported in Chicago, and about 150 people camped out by city hall in Minneapolis. In

13703-445: The ARC, is also located near the Segundo complex. Adjacent to the northwest corner of campus is the Cuarto undergraduate housing complex, which has one dining commons. The Tercero undergraduate housing complex is located near the geographic center of the UC Davis campus, to the north of the Arboretum Waterway. This extends longitudinally through almost the entirety of the south end of campus. Solano Park, UC Davis' family housing complex,

13896-639: The Academic Senate, called for a faculty investigation, but said she believed that most faculty members wanted Katehi to stay in her post. Later, in May 2012, the UC Davis Academic Senate Executive Council censured the chancellor. The UC Davis Graduate Student Association (GSA) had earlier censured Katehi on November 30, 2011. On November 21, a General Assembly was held on the UC Davis campus. That body voted to stage

14089-888: The Arboretum Waterway, away from the core campus; the West Entry Parking Complex, the Silo Union, and the newly constructed Science Lecture Hall and the Science Laboratory Building are located nearer to the Tercero residence halls and the core of campus. The Mondavi Center , home of the University Symphony Orchestra and other cultural events, is also located near the Tercero complex. For most of UC Davis' history, West Campus has served primarily as agricultural research land. Recently, portions were developed through

14282-486: The Camping Ban , referring to the city's anti-"camping" ordinances that were cited during the eviction. The activists claimed the laws, which prohibit the use of "bedding, sleeping bags, or other sleeping matter," are immoral and that they're obligated to challenge them. The occupiers claim that sleep is human right and is essential for mental, physical and emotional health, citing that human beings need to spend nearly

14475-531: The Campus police from leaving. Campus police officers asked the demonstrators to move several times, but the students refused. While students were sitting on the ground, in a circle, around the officers, they were asked to "leave peacefully." Sometime around 4 pm, two officers began spraying Defense Technology MK-9, 0.7% Orange Band pepper spray at almost "point-blank range" in the faces of the seated students. The pepper spray used, according to various websites, has

14668-401: The Chancellor must have anticipated that, by authorizing police action, she was effectively authorizing their use of excessive force against peaceful UCD student protestors. The Chancellor's role is to enable open and free inquiry, not to suppress it. We also call for a policy that will end the practice of forcibly removing non-violent student, faculty, staff, and community protestors by police on

14861-422: The College of Agriculture, and in 1938, it became the College of Agriculture at Davis. Initially, no degrees were awarded at Davis. Students in the College of Agriculture at Berkeley often enrolled at Davis for a single semester to obtain practical training on an actual farm alongside the vocational students, but had to return to Berkeley to earn their degrees. Because the non-degree vocational program at Davis

15054-716: The Council of UC Faculty Associations said that "police violence" was used against non-violent demonstrators at UC Davis , UCLA , UC Berkeley and at a Cal State Board of Trustees meeting in Long Beach. Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York's 8th congressional district and ranking member of the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution , sent a letter to United States Attorney General Eric Holder requesting that

15247-659: The Financial District. The march was mostly peaceful—until after nightfall, when scuffles erupted. About 200 protesters tried to storm barricades blocking them from Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. Police responded with pepper spray and penned the protesters in with orange netting. Inspired by Occupy Wall Street, British protesters organized an occupation of the London Stock Exchange to bring attention to what they saw as unethical behavior on

15440-631: The Great Recession of 2008. According to Dissent Magazine , "It was in the context of the California student movement that the slogan 'Occupy Everything, Demand Nothing' first emerged." The Huffington Post noted that, "During one incident in March of 2010, 150 protesters were arrested for trying to occupy part of Interstate 80 in protest of the budget cuts and tuition hikes, displaying a banner that read 'Occupy everything,' while shutting down

15633-698: The Groenplaats, next to the cathedral. About 150–200 people attended a speaker's corner. The left-wing socialist party (PVDA) was present and served free soup as well as information about its proposed "millionaires' tax". There have been four Occupy protests in Leuven . Three took place on the Grand Market in the centre of the city and one took place at a building of the city's Catholic university. The number of protesters in these rallies varied from 100 to 250. These protests have not included prolonged camping, but

15826-575: The Movimento Passe Livre (Free Fare Movement), a local entity that advocates for free public transportation. During a 2015 movement "Ocupe Estelita", a police officer was suspended for shooting protesters with rubber bullets for knocking off his cap. Occupy protests have taken place in at least 20 Canadian cities since 15 October 2011. On that day, 5,000 people gathered in Vancouver to protest perceived social injustice, while 150 stayed

16019-586: The New York branch of the movement did initially accept protestors who had not signed up to nonviolence. In September, sympathetic coverage given to the movement by the media was substantially increased after the circulation of a video of pepper spray being used by a police commander against peaceful female protestors. In early October, Naomi Klein congratulated New York occupiers for their commitment to nonviolence. By November 2011, media sources began to report an increase in violence, with allegations of sexual assault and incidents of violence from occupiers against

16212-476: The Occupy movement and academia. In the US, universities including Columbia and Roosevelt have begun offering courses about the movement, in the case of Columbia the course includes field work where students join in with Occupy activities. In Great Britain, Occupy's outwork teams are planning school visits to give talks about the movement and related issues. On 23 January, EGT LLC (Export Grain Terminal) and

16405-513: The Ogawa Plaza encampment. During this confrontation, protester Scott Olsen, a former Marine and Iraq War veteran, suffered a skull fracture caused by a tear-gas projectile or smoke canister fired by police. By 29 October 2011, there were around 2,300 Occupy protest camps across around 2,000 cities worldwide. On 2 November, protesters in Oakland, California , shut down the Port of Oakland ,

16598-586: The Robin Hood tax planned for 29 October. Naomi Wolf argued that the impression created by much of the media that the protestors did not have clear demands was false. Wolf argued that they did have clear demands including a desire to end what they saw as the corrupting effect of money on politics. The New Yorker magazine stated that the claims of Kalle Lasn and Micah M. White were specific: tighten banking-industry regulations, ban high-frequency trading , arrest all 'financial fraudsters' responsible for

16791-568: The UC Davis Bookstore. The northeast side of campus holds more of the core buildings that were built earlier in UC Davis's history, such as Wellman Hall, Shields Library, Mrak Hall , and Hutchison Hall. Also notable in this northeastern corner is the labyrinthine Social Sciences and Humanities building designed by Antoine Predock , known to students as the " Death Star " for its angular, metallic design. The majority of Equestrian Center, and Animal Sciences buildings are located near

16984-400: The UC Davis campus, unless their presence is specifically requested by a member of the campus community." On Tuesday, November 15, 2011, several hundred demonstrators rallied on the quad to protest against proposals to increase tuition fees due to state budget cuts. UC Davis was subjected to a 40 percent cut in its general funds and a $ 130 million deficit in 2011. After marching to Mrak Hall in

17177-675: The UC Davis campus. The University of California should be taking a leadership role in encouraging the exercise of free speech, not in suppressing it. The UC Davis Faculty Association is an advocacy group representing about 110 active tenured and tenure-track professors (about 4 percent of the more than 2,500 total faculty members at UC Davis). The largest faculty group – the Academic Senate – is composed of more than 1,500 tenured and tenure-track professors. In addition, there are another 1,000 faculty members on campus made up of adjunct professors, lecturers, University Extension educators and other non-tenure-track academic appointments. Linda Bisson, chair of

17370-403: The UC Davis community participating in demonstrations on the campus, informed the Occupy UC Davis group in writing that the tents must be removed by 3:00 pm "in the interest of safety, respect for our campus environment and in accordance with our Principles of Community." According to Katehi, the Occupy group did not respond to this request, and they were further informed that if they did not remove

17563-521: The UC system, is a subsidiary of Altegrity Risk International and works closely with the financial sector on Wall Street. On December 6, 2011, Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York's 8th congressional district and ranking member of the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution , sent a letter to Eric Holder , the United States Attorney General, requesting that the United States Department of Justice "launch

17756-440: The United States . Although the movement became most active in the United States, by October 2011 Occupy protests and occupations had started in dozens of other countries across every widely inhabited continent. For the first month, overt police repression remained minimal, but this began to change by 25 October 2011, when police first attempted to forcibly remove Occupy Oakland . By the end of 2011 authorities had cleared most of

17949-550: The United States. The UC Center Sacramento, a public-service oriented program founded in 2004, is operated by UC Davis. UC Davis also offers certificates and courses, including online classes, for adults and non-traditional learners through its Division of Continuing and Professional Education. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The UC Davis Aggies athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I , primarily as members of

18142-407: The University of California Regents approved a 32% (compounded for the year) tuition hike for the 2009–2010 school year. The following years saw several large protests and actions across California in response to tuition hikes and other complaints against the UC administration, including 52 arrested on November 19, 2009 and an attempt to block the local interstate on March 4, 2010. During February 2010,

18335-424: The University's major center of teaching and research in agriculture, which will remain a dominant emphasis". The board also suggested that the Davis campus should give "special attention" to "opportunities" to be of service to the state government due to its proximity to the state capital at Sacramento . Finally, the board set an enrollment target of 6,000 students by 1970. Most of Davis's initial development as

18528-490: The administration building, 50 people stayed overnight and two tents were raised outside. The tents were later taken down after a representative for student affairs expressed concerns. On Wednesday, November 16, 2011, the movement intensified within another of the three public higher education systems in California, namely the California State University (CSU) system, when protesters attempted to attend

18721-454: The amount of airtime Sanders has received. Known as Occupy CNN, protestors are claiming that major media networks have intentionally blacked out Sanders' presidential campaign in favor of giving much more airtime to candidates such as Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump . In Switzerland, the Occupy spirit lives on by annual online and offline celebrations each year on 17 September in the village of St. Imier where modern anarchism began with

18914-495: The arms while handcuffed, and submitted to other forms of excessive force. Protesters have been hospitalized because of injuries inflicted during these incidents. The violence was unprovoked, disproportional and excessive. Bratton, chairman of the Kroll Security Group , was accused by critics and the Council of UC Faculty Associations as having a potential conflict of interest. Kroll, which holds security contracts in

19107-421: The bank to effectively shut down every day. The protesters argued that private banks on a public campus created a clear conflict of interest and that collusion between banks and the UC regents, in the form of privatization, was the root cause of rising tuition. After the bank shut down, charges were filed against twelve of the protesters known as the "Davis Dozen" or "Banker's Dozen". They were charged with blocking

19300-443: The campus directly faces the notoriously foggy Golden Gate ) and switched from "practical" to what he called "rational" instruction in scientific principles of agriculture at Berkeley. He concentrated on things like soil science and fermentation that could be researched and taught in a university laboratory, supplemented by limited data gathering and experiments (but not hands-on teaching) at agricultural experimental stations in

19493-454: The campus itself is vast, the entire community of Davis is relatively small and is easily traversable on bike utilizing Davis' extensive bicycle trails. The campus is the largest Campus in the UC system. Towards the northeast end of campus is the Quad, a large rectangular field, which was the historic geographic center of campus. Earlier in the campus' history, the few campus buildings surrounded

19686-512: The campus level. Davis still retains a few traditions from its early era when its identity was much more intertwined with Berkeley, such as the Bossy Cow-Cow cheer, a parody of Berkeley's Oski Yell . In 1941, the state legislature authorized the creation of a school of veterinary medicine at Davis, but the school's launch was severely delayed by the entrance of the United States into World War II and it did not open until 1948. In 1943,

19879-621: The city authorities. The place of protests was promptly dubbed "Mashtots park" – a name under which it is now widely known by the Armenian society. Armenak Dovlatyan, Leader of the Greens party, believed that the "Occupy" demonstrations were the most successful civic action in the history of Armenia. "Occupy" demonstrations took place in Canberra , Wollongong , Perth , Sydney , Brisbane , and Melbourne , as well as smaller towns around

20072-561: The city's Central Park in mid-October. On November 9, 2011 students and professors at UC Berkeley began with a series of teach-ins around campus, a noon rally, and a march. The event attracted approximately 1,500 demonstrators. Midday, protestors set up seven tents to symbolize their support for the Occupy movement. In response, law enforcement officials from UC Berkeley Police, the Alameda County Sheriff's Office and other UC Police officers, arrived in riot gear to remove

20265-528: The closure of several streets. Most of the 80 arrests were for blocking traffic, though some were also charged with disorderly conduct and resisting arrest. Police officers also used a technique called kettling which involves using orange nets to isolate protesters into smaller groups. Videos which showed several penned-in female demonstrators being hit with pepper spray by a police official were widely disseminated, sparking controversy. That police official, later identified as Deputy Inspector Anthony Bologna,

20458-705: The concept after the Days of Rage being held at that time in the Middle East and North Africa . Early promotion by the WikiLeaks Twitter and blog was reported as being instrumental in the group's success. It was renamed Occupy Wall Street after the idea publicized on an email list on 13 July 2011 by Vancouver-based non-profit Canadian group Adbusters . The Occupy Wall Street protests began on 17 September 2011 in downtown Manhattan. On 9 October 2011, activists in cities in over 25 countries repeated calls for

20651-701: The country representing a billboard for the Occupy movement. On the other side is 31 ft of graphics in support for Chelsea Manning and WikiLeaks. On 5 November, protesters held "Bank Transfer Day", marching on banks and other financial institutions to urge Americans to move their money from big corporate banks to smaller community credit unions. It was reported that an estimated 600,000 people took their money out of major banks. On 11 November, Remembrance Day in Canada, police forcibly removed tents from Victoria Park in Halifax, Nova Scotia and arrested 15 protestors. On

20844-638: The country. At the Occupy Melbourne protest on 21 October 2011, approximately 150 protesters defied police orders to clear the area and were subsequently removed with force. 95 arrests were made, and 43 reports of police violence were filed. Occupiers returned the following day in a walk against police violence, re-occupying multiple sites since. Occupy Sydney had an ongoing occupation in Martin Place since their initial police eviction, marking almost 21 months in July 2013. The Occupy Sydney camp

21037-499: The country. There was support from the global movement, but most of the activity took place in Nigeria itself, with a report from CSM saying strikes were effectively shutting down whole cities. On 16 January Jonathan responded by announcing he would bring prices back down by partially restoring the fuel subsidy. While students have been involved with Occupy since its inception, early 2012 has seen increasing formal interaction between

21230-537: The creation of a university farm. Shields himself credited Pierce with ensuring that the site criteria in the University Farm Bill were so tightly formulated that they could be met only at the Yolo County town of Davisville. Unlike Shields, Pierce did not live long enough to see the promotion of Davis to a general campus and is now largely forgotten. On March 18, 1905, the University Farm Bill

21423-518: The crimes. Although named after the City of Davis, the campus is technically located adjacent to the City of Davis in an unincorporated part of Yolo and Solano counties. The main campus is located 15 miles (24.1 km) west of Sacramento in the Sacramento Valley , part of California's Central Valley , and is adjacent to Interstate 80 . The city of Davis is a college town , with

21616-405: The delay in articulating a clear demand was given as the time it takes to reach a consensus with the sometimes slow processes of participatory democracy . In November "Occupy London Stock Exchange", an offshoot of Occupy London, said that they were working on a global collaboration of various occupations that reflected the voices of diverse movements worldwide. The global movement has been called

21809-593: The early morning hours of 25 October, police cleared and closed an Occupy Oakland encampment in Frank Ogawa Plaza in Oakland, California. The raid was chaotic and violent, but Oakland Police Chief Howard Jordan expressed his pleasure concerning the operation because neither the police nor the public suffered any injuries. A street march that afternoon protesting the closure culminated in a confrontation between police and protesters, who sought to re-establish

22002-472: The early weeks, the movement was frequently criticized by the news media for having no clearly defined goals. Speaking on 7 October 2011, Kalle Lasn of Adbusters said that, in the early stages, the lack of demands was the "mysterious part" that allowed the movement to grow. By late October, Adbusters had been trying to "rally it around a single, clear demand" for a Robin Hood tax , with a global march in support of

22195-470: The end of the quarter, students began to dismantle the encampment on December 8 for winter break. Attorney Bernie Goldsmith told The Davis Enterprise that the Occupy demonstrators plan to return on January 9, 2012. In January 2012, Occupy UC Davis protesters started a two-month-long blockade of the US Bank on the UC Davis campus. This autonomous action involved directly sitting in front of the bank, forcing

22388-509: The event "vital" for the still nascent movement. On 1 October 2011, protesters set out to march across the Brooklyn Bridge . The New York Times reported that more than 700 arrests were made. Some said the police had tricked protesters, allowing them onto the bridge, and even escorting them partway across. Jesse A. Myerson, a media coordinator for Occupy Wall Street said, "The cops watched and did nothing, indeed, seemed to guide us onto

22581-718: The field. Hilgard was disdainful of the idea of a university farm. He felt that for such a farm to teach effectively, it would necessarily have to be a model farm with examples of the best of everything, without any reference to local profitability, climate, or circumstances, and such a thing was clearly infeasible. Around the turn of the 20th century, Peter J. Shields , secretary of the California Agricultural Society, became aware that colleges of agriculture elsewhere had university farms which performed experiments and provided hands-on education in useful agricultural subjects, and that young people were leaving

22774-505: The fifth busiest port in the nation. Police estimated that about 3,000 demonstrators were gathered at the port and 4,500 had marched across the city; however, a member of the Occupy movement was quoted by the BBC as estimating as many as 30,000 may have taken part. On 4 November 2011, "Occupy the Roads" (OTR) started traveling throughout the U.S. to bring the message of Occupy, in order to educate

22967-478: The first community college on a UC campus. The classes held in this area mainly involve plant sciences, but also include entomology courses as well. Students in the plant sciences maintain gardens as part of the PLS 5 lab while Entomology 156L and 158 students embark on field trips to sample fish for parasites at Putah Creek and conduct projects in forensic entomology at the UC Davis ecosystem, respectively. West Campus

23160-513: The four sides of the Quad. Today, though the campus has grown significantly and the geographic center of campus has shifted, the Quad remains the center of campus life, anchored to the north by the Memorial Union (student union), to the south by Shields Library and to the west and southeast by Wellman and Olson halls respectively. The Memorial Union Complex houses Freeborn Hall and the Memorial Union, which houses various establishments such as

23353-528: The front of City Hall in Prince George, British Columbia. Events have been concentrated in provincial urban areas, and there have yet to be any demonstrations in the territories of Yukon , Northwest Territories , or Nunavut . A relatively small group of occupiers successfully occupied Harbourside Park in St John's Newfoundland for the entire 2012 Winter season. This site, known also as "King's Beach"

23546-621: The heads of the university's major academic and administrative units. Students are most likely to interact with or be directly affected by the Office of Student Affairs, which is run by the vice chancellor of student affairs, currently Fred Wood, and by a variety of associate and assistant vice-chancellors. This office oversees many campus units including: Admissions, Athletics, Campus Recreation, Campus Unions, Counseling and Psychological Services, Financial Aid, Student Housing and others. In 2014, Chancellor Katehi stated that UC Davis aimed to become

23739-625: The highest paid administrators have further fueled discontent both within the University of California system (of which UC Davis is a part) and within the California State University system, which has also seen large tuition raises and consequent protests. Occupy UC Davis (distinguished from the off-campus Occupy Davis) was a name used to refer to those responding to University of California police violence (specifically at Occupy Cal on November 9, 2011), and later grew to encompass other themes. Occupy Davis demonstrators occupied

23932-487: The idea that the movement must have clearly defined demands; they argued that issuing demands is counterproductive for the Occupy movement, because doing so would legitimize the very power structures the movement seeks to challenge. In late November, the London contingent of the Occupy movement released their first statement on corporations, in which they called for measures to end tax evasion by wealthy firms. The reason for

24125-439: The incident." Apart from the worker's compensation award, he retained his retirement credits. The three dozen student demonstrators, meanwhile, were collectively awarded US$ 1 million by UC Davis in a settlement from a federal lawsuit, with each pepper sprayed student receiving $ 30,000 individually. After the incident, large protests against the use of pepper spray occurred on campus. UC Davis Chancellor Linda Katehi apologized to

24318-430: The income of the top 1% grew 10 times faster than the income of the bottom 90%. In this period 66% of total income gains went to the 1%, who in 2007 had a larger share of total income than at any time since 1928. This is in stark contrast with surveys of U.S. populations that indicate an "ideal" distribution that is much more equal, and a widespread ignorance of the true income inequality and wealth inequality . During

24511-444: The investigation. The board of the Council of UC Faculty Associations said that "police violence" was used against non-violent demonstrators throughout the state of California: This week, we have seen excessive force used against non-violent protesters at UC Berkeley, UCLA, CSU Long Beach, and UC Davis. Student, faculty and staff protesters have been pepper-sprayed directly in the eyes and mouth, beaten and shoved by batons, dragged by

24704-607: The large Department of Animal Science through which students can study at the university's own on-campus dairy , meat-processing plant, equestrian facility, and experimental farm. Students of Environmental Horticulture and other botanical sciences have many acres of campus farmland and the University of California, Davis, Arboretum at their disposal. The Department of Applied Science was founded and formerly chaired by physicist Edward Teller . The arts are also studied extensively on campus with subjects such as studio art, design, music, theater and dance. The Design Department at UC Davis

24897-507: The last three months of the study period. Responses to the movement from celebrities were both in-person and online. Some find it controversial that rich celebrities made appearances at the Occupy Wall Street Movement, but Kanye West justified his appearance as helping give power back to the people. Many hold that the success of OWS has led to the success of Bernie Sanders and his political platform, disrupting

25090-550: The late Robert Arneson , who also taught at Davis from 1962 to 1991. Bookhead is located at the Shields Library plaza, Yin & Yang is located at the Fine Arts Complex, See No Evil/Hear No Evil is at the east lawn of King Hall (the main building for UC Davis' School of Law ), Eye on Mrak (FatalLaff) is outside Mrak Hall (housing the registrar office and other administrative offices), and Stargazer

25283-458: The leadership, management, and administration of the campus and reports to the President of the University of California system, a position currently held by the former president of Ohio State University (and chancellor of UC Irvine ), Michael Drake , whose predecessor was former Secretary of Homeland Security and Arizona Governor Janet Napolitano . The Offices of the Chancellor and Provost

25476-543: The major camps, with the last remaining high-profile sites – in Washington, D.C. , and in London – evicted by February 2012. The Occupy movement took inspiration in part from the Arab Spring , from the 2009 Iranian Green Movement , and from the Spanish Indignados Movement, as well as from the overall global wave of anti-austerity protests of 2010 and following. The movement commonly used

25669-679: The movement as "forced equality" and "unfair". The occupy movement began with a commitment to nonviolence. Frequent references were made to the writings of nonviolent theorist Dr. Gene Sharp whose work was reported to have influenced nonviolent struggle movements in Serbia and the Arab Spring. Study groups were organised across the US Occupy camps discussing Sharp's 198 methods of nonviolent action and his book From Dictatorship to Democracy . A subsequent film about his work How to Start

25862-472: The movement outweighed those in opposition two to one. In late January, Occupy protested at the World Economic Forum . On 17 March, Occupy Wall Street attempted to mark six months of the movement, by reoccupying Zuccotti Park , the location of the first Occupy camp. Protestors were soon cleared away by police, who made over 70 arrests. On 1 May, the Occupy movement marked a resurgence with

26055-459: The movement's democratic process occurs in "working groups," where any protester is able to have their say. Important decisions are often made at General assemblies , which can themselves be informed by the findings of multiple working groups. Decisions are made using the consensus model of participatory democracy. This often features the use of hand signals to increase participation and operating with discussion facilitators rather than leaders –

26248-515: The movement, Financial Times journalist Shannon Bond found that issues of concern included: "the unemployment rate, household debt, student debt, the lack of prospects for people graduating from college and foreclosures". In the U.S., Occupy Homes joined with other existing human rights activists groups and began to occupy foreclosed homes, disrupt bank auctions, and block evictions. On 1 December, two evicted activists in Portland, Oregon, planted

26441-412: The movement. During a demonstration at UC Davis on 18 November 2011, campus police Lieutenant John Pike used pepper spray on seated students. The incident drew national attention and led to further demonstrations, petitions, and calls for Chancellor Linda P.B. Katehi to resign. (See: UC Davis pepper-spray incident ) On 22 November, occupiers mic checked President Obama to draw his attention to

26634-479: The next 19% owned 50.5%. Thus, the top 20% of Americans owned 85% of the country's wealth and the bottom 80% of the population owned 15% —an example of the Pareto principle . Financial inequality (total net worth minus the value of one's home) was greater than inequality in total wealth, with the top 1% of the population owning 42.7%, the next 19% of Americans owning 50.3%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%. However, after

26827-684: The night in front of the Vancouver Art Gallery. 2,000 people marched in Toronto on 15 October and around 100 continued to occupy St James Park, and 1,000 gathered in Montreal to march down Ste-Catherine Street; 85 tents were set up in Victoria square. Beginning on 23 October 2011 approximately 40 people occupied Memorial Park on Minto Street in downtown Sudbury and still continue to do so. On 20 October 2011, over 100 people occupied

27020-471: The night of 14 November, a coordinated crackdown was undertaken by authorities around the world, with several camps being forcibly cleared including Zuccotti Park in New York, Oakland, Oregon, Denver and Zurich. For some of the other camps such as the one at St Pauls in London, no physical action was taken, but on 15 November authorities stepped up legal action to gain authorization for a forcible eviction. Financial Times editor Richard Lambert suggested that

27213-599: The notorious segregationist and architect of the violent repression of the civil rights movement in Birmingham, Alabama, as some of the very few people who view the non-violent tactics of Martin Luther King as violent. The faculty of the UC Davis Department of English published a statement calling for "the disbanding of the UCPD and the institution of an ordinance against the presence of police forces on

27406-400: The officers and would not let them leave. Following the incident, the campus police chief and two officers were placed on administrative leave . UC Davis student and faculty organizations called for the resignation of Linda Katehi , chancellor of UC Davis. Katehi requested an inquiry into the incident and, in response, Mark Yudof , president of the University of California system appointed

27599-543: The other undergraduate housing complexes, Cuarto is located within city limits; its residents may vote in city elections. The entire University of California system is governed by the regents, a 26-member board, as established under Article IX, Section 9 of the California Constitution . The board appoints the university's principal officers including the system-wide president and UC Davis Chancellor. The UC Davis Chancellor has overall responsibility for

27792-526: The part of banks. One of the organizers of the protest said the protests were to be focused against "increasing social and economic injustice in this country". In his opinion, "the Government has made sure to maintain the status quo and let the people who caused this crisis get off scot-free, whilst conversely ensuring that the people of this country pay the price, in particular those most vulnerable." On 15 October 2011 global protests were staged around

27985-460: The people on various issues facing the general public and shine a light on the inequities and political injustice. OTR has been to every major Occupy Event in support of all occupied cities, traveling over 31,000 miles and visiting 42 States and 160 cities since inception. One side of the RV (named the "V"- from the chant "Whose V? RV") has been decorated with stickers, posters, and event notices from around

28178-437: The pepper spray incident in search results on Google for the university and the Chancellor". The university's strategic communications office, which has worked on the management of the reputation of the university and its chancellor, has had its budget substantially increased since the current chancellor took office – rising from $ 2.93 million in 2009 to $ 5.47 million in 2015. In August 2016 Katehi resigned as chancellor, and under

28371-501: The pepper spraying incident. Concerns were discussed about the current rules for policing protests and use of force. The release of a report by the university's task force investigating the crackdown was delayed in March 2012, when the police officers' union filed suit to prevent its release without redacting the names of the officers involved. The Reynoso report was finally released on April 11, 2012. The report found that "Lieutenant Pike's use of force in pepper spraying seated protesters

28564-673: The police officers involved in the incident for illegal use of force. Pike responded that he was "relieved" by the decision. Pike subsequently filed a worker's compensation claim with the California Division of Workers Compensation Appeals Board for psychiatric injuries he suffered as a result of the incident. In October 2013 the Division awarded Pike $ 38,055 in compensation. On September 26, 2012, The University of California announced its decision to offer $ 30,000 to each of 21 plaintiffs who were pepper sprayed by Pike, according to

28757-616: The police use of riot gear. At a town hall meeting, she told around 1,000 students, "I want to unequivocally apologize to the entire community for the appalling use of pepper spray. I will do everything in my power to make sure nothing like that ever happens again." She said, "My instructions were for no arrests and no police force. I explicitly directed the chief of police that violence should be avoided at all costs." Katehi and State Assembly Speaker John A. Pérez requested an outside investigation, and Mark G. Yudof appointed former Los Angeles Police Department Chief William J. Bratton to head

28950-503: The police, including one officer allegedly stabbed with scissors. Some occupy camps responded by requiring that all occupiers sign a resolution to be nonviolent if they wished to stay. Rick Hampton for USA Today said the vast majority of occupy members have been nonviolent. Reviewing the global movement in December 2011, Anthony Barnett said its nonviolence remained an immense strength. One protester who did not take part stated, "It

29143-405: The political conversation about environmental impact and economic equality. Some believe that there was social media blockage of Sanders' presidential campaign, in favor of more airtime for Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton . The WikiLeaks endorsed news site WikiLeaks Central began promoting the idea of a "US Day of Rage," on 10 March 2011. The Canadian editor-in-chief Heather Marsh modeled

29336-493: The protest with a poster featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull . The first protest was held at Zuccotti Park in New York City on 17 September 2011, the tenth anniversary of the re-opening of Wall Street trading after the 11 September 2001 attacks. The protests were preceded by a similar Occupy Dataran movement in Kuala Lumpur in July, seven weeks before Occupy Wall Street. The phrase "The 99%"

29529-690: The protesters say that it is a possibility in the future. Occupy Ghent (Gent) began on 29 October with 400 people in the South Park (Zuidpark). They received a visit by supporters attending the "second day of Socialism" (de Tweede Dag van het Socialisme), also held in Ghent on the same day. The 2013 protests in Brazil (also known as the Come to the street and Brazilian Spring) were a series of public demonstrations in several Brazilian cities, initiated mainly by

29722-445: The ratio of students to long-term residents estimated at 1:4. Also contributing to the college-town environment is the close proximity of downtown Davis to the campus' main quad—a matter of a few blocks, and 5- to 10-minute walk or bike ride. Davis' 15-minute distance from Sacramento provides it with both the isolation critical to fostering a college-town environment while also providing a lively and large metropolitan area nearby. Although

29915-492: The reinvention of politics, revolution, and utopia in the twenty-first century. Activists have used web technologies and social media like IRC , Facebook , Twitter , and Meetup to coordinate events. The Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund released a model community bill of rights, promoting laws that strip corporations of their personhood rights and elevating the rights of citizens, for occupy organizers to adopt locally. In December 2011, Occupy Homes embarked on

30108-437: The removal of the vigil and associated encampments on the abutting sidewalks. The Occupy movement has "already transformed beyond recognition from its original state" and "campaigns have emerged outside the constraint of the trademark Occupy tactics." These campaigns include Occupy Sandy which has provided needed relief to the New York area since Hurricane Sandy hit, Occupy London 's Occupy Economics group that hosted, and

30301-404: The roadway for an hour, and were crushed by the same kind of overwhelming police force that was later mobilized against Occupy encampments across the country." Adbusters editor Micah White , who designed the original Occupy Wall Street concept, traveled to California for the protests and took part in the occupation of Wheeler Hall . In an article for Adbusters, he wrote with enthusiasm about

30494-507: The roadway." According to Fox News , a spokesman for the New York Police Department , Paul Browne, said that protesters were given multiple warnings to stay on the sidewalk and not block the street, and were arrested when they refused. On 4 October, a group of protesters who were arrested on the bridge filed a lawsuit against the city, alleging that officers had violated their constitutional rights by luring them into

30687-423: The seven tents from the protest site. Video footage of the afternoon confrontation showed police beating protesters with batons and dragging two protesters by the hair, one of whom was UC Berkeley English professor Celeste Langan. Thirty-nine protesters, including Langan, were arrested for charges including "resisting and delaying a police officer in the performance of their duties, and failure to disperse when given

30880-450: The shift to confrontational tactics by authorities would be more likely to spur on the movement rather than cause it to disband. However, John Gapper, chief business commentator at the FT , offered a different view. Gapper said that it may be advantageous that the camps were being closed down, as they were beginning to alienate even members of the public who were initially fully sympathetic with

31073-492: The slogan " We are the 99% " and the #Occupy hashtag format; it organized through websites such as the now defunct Occupy Together. According to The Washington Post , the movement, which Cornel West described as a "democratic awakening", is difficult to distill to a few demands. On 12 October 2011, the Los Angeles City Council became one of the first governmental bodies in the United States to adopt

31266-407: The social media accounts should have been more heavily regulated and kept to a standard. In addition, a study was published that followed how Occupy user interests changed in time from 1 June 2011 to 31 August 2012. It showed 40% of users produced Occupy related content during peak activity of the movement. But it was not sustained over the following year, with the user ratio dropping to less than 5% in

31459-417: The state to study at such farms. Shields began to champion the cause of a university farm. He was later honored as the "founder" of UC Davis in 1962, when the Shields Oak Grove on campus was named after him, and again posthumously in 1972 when the campus library was named after him. However, local farmer and politician George Washington Pierce Jr. also fought aggressively in the California State Assembly for

31652-427: The students was subsequently identified as Lieutenant John Pike. Ten arrests were made. Arrestees were "cited and released on misdemeanor charges of unlawful assembly and failure to disperse". Police began to leave the area around 4:10 pm as more students began to arrive. Pike and another unnamed UC Davis Police officer were placed on administrative leave shortly after the incident. UC Davis Police Chief Annette Spicuzza

31845-599: The students, saying that the police had acted against her orders for there to be no arrests and no use of force. A public debate about the militarization of police and the appropriate use of pepper spray on peaceful protesters took place in the media, with questions raised about the freedom of speech and the right to peaceably assemble guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution . On 18 November 2011, campus police officer Lt. John Pike pepper sprayed nonviolent demonstrators at UC Davis . The demonstrations were primarily in response to tuition hikes at

32038-410: The tents, they would be removed. After being informed of the requests from the administration and police, some students removed their tents. University police announced at the General Assembly that the tents, still numbering approximately 25, would have to be removed by 3 pm. Demonstrators held Thanksgiving in the quad with a local family donating 10 cooked turkeys and 100 pounds of mashed potatoes. By

32231-625: The terms of her contract, will continue to be a full-time faculty member at UCD. In February 2017, Gary S. May was named the seventh chancellor of UCD after a nationwide search. He officially began in the role on August 1. May, the former dean of the College of Engineering at Georgia Tech , is the second African American to be named chancellor at any of the UC campuses (after former UC Irvine chancellor, Ohio State president and current UC system president Michael Drake ) and one of only three currently serving African American chancellors/presidents of an AAU institution. In fall quarter of 2022,

32424-410: The top 1% increased by over $ 700,000, as federal taxation became less progressive . From 1992 to 2007 the top 400 income earners in the U.S. saw their income increase 392% and their average tax rate reduced by 37%. In 2009, the average income of the top 1% was $ 960,000 with a minimum income of $ 343,927. In 2007, the richest 1% of the American population owned 34.6% of the country's total wealth, and

32617-422: The treatment they had received from the police, including thousands of arrests. By December, occupiers had begun to divert their energies beyond protest camps and a narrow focus on the banks, instead seeking to engage further with mainstream politics and joining forces with established activist groups to support causes broadly compatible with the interests of "the 99%". Interviewing one of the informal leaders of

32810-444: The two campuses have always had an amicable relationship, in that Davis gradually developed its own strong identity while remaining proud of its older sibling. Thus, Davis did not suffer from the kind of "hang-ups" (i.e., inferiority complexes ) which at Los Angeles culminated in a systemwide decentralization process from 1957 to 1960 in which the regents and the UC president delegated most power and responsibility to chancellors at

33003-406: The two-year vocational program. In 1949, UC expanded the Davis campus to what is now West Campus by purchasing the 526-acre Straloch Farm to the west from its owner, Harry Hopkins. The farm came with an 86-acre private airport constructed by Hopkins in 1946. The University Airport was the first university airport in the United States and is still the only one in the UC system. In 1958,

33196-438: The undue influence of corporations—particularly that of the financial services sector—on government. The protesters' slogan, We are the 99% , refers to the growing difference in wealth in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the population. The protests grew into a worldwide movement known as the Occupy movement and make use of a variety of civil disobedience tactics. Occupy Cal grew out of this movement as

33389-577: The university faculty and the state's farmers with his attempt to directly integrate practical training in farming with courses on the larger historical, social, and political dimensions of farming and got himself fired in 1874. The faculty could not understand why students should earn credit towards degrees for hoeing or plowing, and the farmers could not understand how learning the social history of farming could make their children into better farmers. Eugene W. Hilgard , Carr's successor, recognized that Berkeley's soil and climate were terrible for farming (

33582-419: The university has expanded over the past century to include graduate and professional programs in medicine (which includes the UC Davis Medical Center ), Engineering , science , law , veterinary medicine , education , nursing , and business management , in addition to 90 research programs offered by UC Davis Graduate Studies. The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest veterinary school in

33775-410: The university, and more broadly aligned with the Occupy movement . The specific triggering event for the incident was the refusal of the demonstrators to comply with an order to remove their encampment. According to The New York Times , multiple videos show a peaceful demonstration with officers "freely moving about". According to U.C. Davis police chief Annette Spicuzza, the protesters had surrounded

33968-493: The violence, providing occupiers keep their own aggression strictly within limits. In the words of one occupier, it can help them gain media coverage if they "make things a little sexy and badass" . The Direct Action Working Group of Occupy Wall Street endorsed diversity of tactics from the earliest days of the encampment. Not all occupiers have upheld the commitment to nonviolence, with aggressive tactics being used in Spain from as early as 15 June, and with some journalists saying

34161-481: The vocational program was discontinued. For much of its early history, Davis was treated as an offsite department of the main campus in Berkeley, and its chief administrative officer was a director who reported to the dean of the College of Agriculture at Berkeley. In 1944, the title became assistant dean and in 1951, the title was upgraded to provost . In May 1952, the university appointed Harry R. Wellman as its first vice-president—agricultural sciences in charge of

34354-409: The west coast of the United States on 12 December. The goals of those protests included support of longshoremen and truckers in disputes with EGT and terminal operator SSA Marine (partially owned by Goldman Sachs ). A worldwide poll conducted in January 2012 found that only one third (37%) of respondents were familiar with the movement. Of the respondents who were aware of the movement, supporters of

34547-503: The world as a viral video and the photograph became an Internet meme . Officer Alex Lee also pepper sprayed demonstrators at Pike's direction. Pike was subsequently fired, despite a recommendation that he face disciplinary action but be kept on the job. As of August 2014, Alex Lee was no longer listed in a state salary-database as working at UC Davis. In October 2013, a judge ruled that Pike should be paid $ 38,000 in worker's compensation benefits, for "[the] suffering he experienced after

34740-405: The world, with thousands of protesters staging demonstrations in 900 cities including Auckland, Sydney, Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, São Paulo, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Hamburg, Leipzig, Boston and many other cities. In Frankfurt, 5,000 people protested at the European Central Bank and in Zurich, Switzerland's financial hub, protesters carried banners reading "We won't bail you out yet again" and "We are

34933-435: Was an international populist socio-political movement that expressed opposition to social and economic inequality and to the perceived lack of real democracy around the world. It aimed primarily to advance social and economic justice and different forms of democracy. The movement has had many different scopes, since local groups often had different focuses, but its prime concerns included how large corporations and

35126-432: Was enacted, which called for the establishment of a farm for the University of California. The bill provided that the University Farm would "be typical and representative of the best general agricultural conditions in California", and authorized an appropriation of $ 150,000 to cover the cost of purchasing land and constructing appropriate buildings. A committee appointed by the Regents of the University of California took

35319-420: Was established in 1961. This was followed by the creation of the College of Engineering in 1962. The School of Law opened for classes in fall 1966, and the School of Medicine began instruction in fall 1968. In a period of increasing activism, a Native American studies program was started in 1969, one of the first at a major university; it was later developed into a full department within the university. During

35512-465: Was later placed on leave as well. Kamran Loghman, who helped develop pepper spray with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the 1980s, stated that the incident at Davis "violated his original intent," adding he'd never seen "such an inappropriate and improper use of chemical agents." Loghman, who also had assisted in the development of guidelines for police departments using the spray, said that use-of-force manuals generally advise that pepper spray

35705-490: Was objectively unreasonable," and that "the evidence does not provide an objective, factual basis for Lt. Pike's purported belief that he was trapped, that any of his officers were trapped, or that the safety of their arrestees was at issue." On July 31, 2012, a UC Davis spokesman announced that Pike was no longer employed by the university. On September 19, 2012, the Yolo County District Attorney's office, citing insufficient evidence, announced that it would not prosecute any of

35898-559: Was organized by a very militant anarchist segment of the movement; I support the idea of taking a building, especially for housing those who don't have housing. But I don't support it with the kind of triumphal attitude I saw expressed." From the beginning the Occupy movement relied heavily on social media to disperse information and gather support. Occupy accounts were very successful in achieving these goals. The social media accounts eventually became hierarchical and failed their purpose. Some believe, in order to have been more successful,

36091-403: Was praised by the Bank of England 's Executive Director for Financial Stability, Occupy the SEC , which monitors US financial regulatory matters, The Rolling Jubilees program of Strike Debt , which is raising money to retire "zombie debt," debt, such as medical bills, that the individual cannot re-pay, Occupy University, which has developed and made accessible free educational materials, and

36284-453: Was released just as concerns of the Occupy Wall Street movement were beginning to enter the national political debate. According to the CBO, between 1979 and 2007 the incomes of the top 1% of Americans grew by an average of 275%. During the same time period, the 60% of Americans in the middle of the income scale saw their income rise by 40%. Since 1979 the average pre-tax income for the bottom 90% of households has decreased by $ 900, while that of

36477-447: Was removed on 3 July 2013, but it returned on 4 July. It was again removed on 5 July. In Brussels , a large Occupy demonstration took place on 15 October involving between 6,500 and 8,000 participants. The protest was largely peaceful, although seven people were arrested following vandalisation of the Dexia bank headquarters and financial tower. The Occupy Antwerp (Antwerpen) movement had its first gathering on Saturday 22 October at

36670-420: Was reported that Joel Harter, an administrative law judge for the California Division of Workers' Compensation , had approved a settlement totaling $ 38,056 for Pike. Apart from the settlement, Pike also retained his retirement credits earned from his employment by the University of California. The school spent considerable funds (upwards of $ 175,000) to kill off traces of the incident on the internet. In 2009,

36863-484: Was shown in other videos hitting a photographer with a burst of spray. Public attention to the pepper-sprayings resulted in a spike of news media coverage, a pattern that was to be repeated in the coming weeks following confrontations with police. Clyde Haberman , writing in The New York Times , said that "If the Occupy Wall Street protesters ever choose to recognize a person who gave their cause its biggest boost, they may want to pay tribute to Anthony Bologna," calling

37056-410: Was so disconnected from the traditional degree programs on the main Berkeley campus, agricultural interests began to agitate to separate Davis and the entire College of Agriculture from the University of California. This forced the regents in 1922 to silence such proposals by initially authorizing a two-year undergraduate program at Davis. By sharing faculty members between Berkeley and Davis and hiring

37249-506: Was spontaneously taken up by all the people of the world, it just kind of snowballed from there." One of the inspirations for the movement was the Democracy Village set up in 2010, outside the British Parliament in London . The protest received additional attention when the internet hacker group Anonymous encouraged its followers to take part in the protests, calling protesters to "flood lower Manhattan , set up tents, kitchens, peaceful barricades and Occupy Wall Street". They promoted

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