Taliban victory
66-571: [REDACTED] 107 killed, 43 captured [REDACTED] 6 killed, 30 wounded [REDACTED] 24 killed, 50 wounded [REDACTED] 4 killed, 30 wounded [REDACTED] 11 wounded [REDACTED] 2 killed, 1 wounded [REDACTED] 1 killed, 4 wounded 11 PMC killed Timeline Major operations Airstrikes Major insurgent attacks 2002 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Massacres Other Operation Mountain Thrust
132-670: A US intelligence report predicted that the Afghan government would likely collapse within six months after NATO completed its withdrawal from the country. The report proved overly optimistic: by the second week of August, most Afghan provincial capitals had fallen into the hands of the Taliban and the Afghan National Army was in complete disarray, losing ground on all fronts. The falls of Mazar-i-Sharif and Jalalabad on 14 and 15 August respectively removed any possibility for
198-515: A Taliban force was preparing to attack their police post. Also two days later there were several incidents in and around Kandahar , including a suicide bombing which killed 21 civilians. In the other attacks in and around Kandahar, four Canadian soldiers were killed and ten were wounded. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was a presidential republic in Afghanistan from 2004 to 2021. The state
264-430: A law against the violence of women could eventually only be passed through a presidential decree. In 2012, Afghanistan recorded 240 cases of honor killings , but the total number were believed to be much higher. Of the reported honor killings, 21% were committed by the victims' husbands, 7% by their brothers, 4% by their fathers, and the rest by other relatives. Homosexuality was taboo in Afghan society; according to
330-867: A number of NATO and allied nations, particularly the United States , Canada , United Kingdom , Germany , Australia, and Turkey . In 2012, the United States and Afghanistan signed their Strategic Partnership Agreement in which Afghanistan became a major non-NATO ally . Relations with Pakistan were often tense for various reasons such as the Durand Line border issue and alleged Pakistani involvement in Afghan insurgent groups. Afghanistan also had diplomatic relations with neighboring China , Iran , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , and Uzbekistan , as well as with regional states such as Bangladesh , Japan , Kazakhstan , Nepal , Russia , South Korea , and
396-556: A result of the fighting in Afghanistan at the hands of all parties to the conflict. On 14 April 2021, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said the alliance had agreed to start withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan by 1 May. Soon after the withdrawal of NATO troops started, the Taliban launched an offensive against the Afghan government , quickly advancing in front of collapsing Afghan government forces. In June 2021,
462-755: A second time during Operation Iraqi Freedom. After Iraq, Freakley became the Chief of Infantry at Fort Benning , during which time the Infantry Center became part of the Maneuver Center of Excellence . In 2005, Freakley commanded the 10th Mountain Division as it was deployed to Afghanistan, where he also became the commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force-76 . In 2007, Freakley took command of Accessions Command , where he remained until he retired in 2012. After retiring from
528-469: A significant Taliban spring offensive led by Mullah Dadullah in the provinces of Helmand and Kandahar , which had marked the most significant escalation of the war in Afghanistan since 2002. The operation was planned by Major General Benjamin Freakley . The strategy involved conducting search-and-destroy missions in the mountainous regions of Kandahar, Zabul , Uruzgan and Helmand. The objective
594-427: A third of students at university were women and 27% of members of parliament were women. The literacy rate in 2021 has risen from 8% to 43% since 2001. In 2018, UNICEF reported that 3.7 million children between the ages of 7 and 17, or 44 percent, were not attending school. In 2020, there were over 16,000 schools in the country and roughly 9.5 million students. Of this, about 60% were males and 40% females. This
660-895: Is a retired United States Army lieutenant general . From Woodstock, Virginia , Freakley was commissioned as an infantry officer in 1975, and served in Operation Desert Storm , Operation Iraqi Freedom , and Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan before retiring in 2012. After leaving active duty military service, he joined the McCain Institute and Arizona State University . Originally from Woodstock, Virginia, he graduated from Central High School in Woodstock in 1971. Freakley also became an Eagle Scout . Applying for admission to two senior military colleges ( Virginia Military Institute , The Citadel ) and West Point , he ended up graduating from West Point with
726-608: Is practically limitless," Koenigs told the magazine in an interview. "The movement will not be overcome by high casualty figures." Due to the intense Taliban offensive and escalation of the war, Ian Hope , commander of the Canadian Princess Patricia's battalion , became increasingly concerned. On May 17, in one of their initial battles, half of the battalion encountered around 50 Taliban fighters in Zharey . The Canadians utilized AH-64 attack helicopters to repel
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#1732776866563792-651: Is the de facto ruling government. The US–Taliban deal , signed on 29 February 2020 in Qatar , was one of the critical events that caused the collapse of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). Following the deal, the US dramatically reduced the number of air attacks and deprived the ANSF of a critical edge in fighting the Taliban insurgency , leading to the Taliban takeover of Kabul. Following
858-478: The 2004 constitution , both presidential and parliamentary elections were to be held every five years. However, due to the disputed 2014 presidential election , the scheduled 2015 parliamentary elections were delayed until 2018 . Presidential elections used the two-round system ; if no candidate received a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round would be held featuring the top two candidates. Parliamentary elections had only one round and were based on
924-549: The 3rd Brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division . 1999 found Freakley commanding the operations group at Fort Irwin 's National Training Center , before serving in staff positions at the National Military Command Center and Joint Staff . In 2003, Freakley served as assistant division commander, under David Petraeus , of the 101st Airborne Division , which found Freakley involved in combat in Iraq
990-528: The Afghan National Security Forces . Following 2002, nearly five million Afghans were repatriated . The number of NATO troops present in Afghanistan peaked at 140,000 in 2011, dropping to about 16,000 in 2018. In September 2014 Ashraf Ghani became president after the 2014 presidential election where for the first time in Afghanistan's history power was democratically transferred. On 28 December 2014, NATO formally ended ISAF combat operations in Afghanistan and transferred full security responsibility to
1056-558: The Afghanistan Islamic National & Liberation Movement have also conducted attacks against the Taliban. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was an Islamic republic with its government consisting of three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial. The head of state and government was the President of Afghanistan . The National Assembly was the legislature, a bicameral body having two chambers,
1122-747: The Balkhab District of the Sar-e Pol Province . Hazara rebel Mehdi Mujahid , the Taliban-appointed head of intelligence of the Bamyan Province had been expelled from the position after criticizing the closure of girls' schools and continued demanding for equality to Hazaras and other Shia Muslims. He left the Taliban, declaring war on them, and began to gather rebels. Supported by the NRF and several political parties,
1188-592: The House of the People and the House of Elders . The Supreme Court was led by Chief Justice Said Yusuf Halem, the former Deputy Minister of Justice for Legal Affairs. According to Transparency International , Afghanistan remained one of the most corrupt countries. A January 2010 report published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime revealed that bribery consumed an amount equal to 23% of
1254-662: The Karzai administration , with dozens of TV stations being established around the country. Afghanistan had 203 television stations, 284 radio stations and nearly 1,500 print media outlets in 2019. The Afghan music scene re-emerged after the removal of the Taliban , with singing competition series such as Afghan Star and The Voice of Afghanistan becoming popular, with contestants performing songs, including those formerly banned. Related articles Benjamin Freakley Benjamin C. Freakley (born 21 August 1953)
1320-485: The September 11 attacks , the United States and several allies invaded Afghanistan, overthrowing the Taliban's first government (which had limited recognition) in support of the opposition Northern Alliance . Afterwards, a transitional government was formed under the leadership of Hamid Karzai . After the 2003 loya jirga , a unitary presidential Islamic republic was proclaimed under a new constitution , and Karzai
1386-627: The UAE . The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) was established in 2002 to help the country recover from decades of war. Until summer 2021, several NATO member states deployed about 17,000 troops in Afghanistan as part of the Resolute Support Mission . Its main purpose was to train the Afghan National Security Forces . On 1 December 2021, the nine-nation Credentials Committee of
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#17327768665631452-783: The fall of Kabul , the Afghan Armed Forces were under the Ministry of Defense , which included the Afghan Air Force (AAF) and the Afghan National Army (ANA). The Afghan Defense University housed various educational establishments for the Afghan Armed Forces, including the National Military Academy of Afghanistan . The United States Department of Defense used the exonym "Afghan National Security Forces" (ANSF) to describe
1518-643: The republican resistance against the Taliban ; however, on 6 September 2021, Saleh also fled to Tajikistan. In December 2001, after the Taliban government was overthrown, the Afghan Interim Administration under Hamid Karzai was formed. The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was established by the UN Security Council to help assist the Karzai administration and provide basic security. By this time, after two decades of war as well as an acute famine at
1584-563: The single non-transferable vote system, which allows some candidates to be elected with as little as one percent of the vote. The 2004 Afghan presidential election was relatively peaceful, in which Hamid Karzai won in the first round with 55.4% of the votes. However, the 2009 presidential election was characterized by lack of security, low voter turnout, and widespread electoral fraud, ending in Karzai's reelection. The 2014 presidential election ended with Ashraf Ghani winning with 56.44% of
1650-453: The war plans , and served as battalion executive officer of the 3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment . Operation Desert Storm found him serving as the operations officer of the 1st Brigade of the 24th Infantry Division . After Operation Desert Storm, Freakley commanded the 1st Battalion of the 5th Cavalry Regiment , before serving in staff positions with the 24th Infantry Division and III Corps , until being placed in command of
1716-406: The Afghan government accounted for 46% of the attacks on Afghan journalists, while insurgents were responsible for rest of the attacks. According to Global Rights , almost 90% of women in Afghanistan had experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse or forced marriage. In the majority of cases, the perpetrators of these crimes were the families of the victim, and a 2009 proposal for
1782-508: The Afghan government to halt Taliban advance. On 15 August 2021, Taliban forces entered the capital city of Kabul, meeting only limited resistance. In the afternoon, it was reported that Afghan President Ashraf Ghani had left the country, fleeing into either Tajikistan or Uzbekistan ; Chairman of the House of the People Mir Rahman Rahmani was also reported to have fled into Pakistan . Following Ghani's escape,
1848-506: The Afghan government. The NATO-led Operation Resolute Support was formed the same day as a successor to ISAF. Thousands of NATO troops remained in the country to train and advise Afghan government forces and continue their fight against the Taliban. It was estimated in 2015 that "about 147,000 people have been killed in the Afghanistan war since 2001. More than 38,000 of those killed have been civilians." A report titled Body Count concluded that 106,000–170,000 civilians have been killed as
1914-712: The Armed Forces and Police together. As of 30 June 2020, the ANSF or Afghan National Defence and Security Forces (ANDSF) were composed of the Afghan National Army (including the Afghan Border Force, Afghan Air Force, Afghan Territorial Army, Afghan National Civil Order Force), Afghan National Police (including Afghan Local Police), and the National Directorate of Security (including the Afghan Special Force). Law enforcement
1980-518: The Class of 1975. Being commissioned as a second lieutenant of infantry in 1975, he was assigned to the 506th Infantry Regiment until 1979. He then was an aide-de-camp to the commanding general of the Military District of Washington , before being sent to West Germany to serve with the 2nd Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment . During Operation Desert Shield , Freakley worked on
2046-621: The GDP of the nation. Corruption was endemic even in the upper echelons of governance: in August 2010 it was revealed that the leadership of the New Kabul Bank and a handful of political elites, including cabinet ministers, had embezzled close to $ 1 billion through fraudulent loan schemes. On 17 May 2020, President Ashraf Ghani reached a power-sharing deal with his rival from presidential elections, Abdullah Abdullah , about who would manage
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2112-605: The General Assembly voted to defer a decision to allow the Taliban to represent Afghanistan at the UN. However, on 15 February 2022, the UN released an updated list of member state officials with the names of Ghani administration officials removed. Freedom of expression and the press were permitted and promoted in the 2004 constitution, so long as it did not threaten national or religious integrity or did not defame individuals. In 2019, Reporters Without Borders listed
2178-627: The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Amrullah Saleh , tweeted that he had remained in the country and had assumed the role of Caretaker President in the absence of Ghani citing the Afghan Constitution as his basis. Saleh's government includes Bismillah Khan Mohammadi as Minister of Defense and Ahmad Massoud , son of Ahmad Shah Massoud and leader of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan . It
2244-586: The Penal Code, homosexual intimacy was punished by up to a year in prison. With the implementation of Sharia law , offenders could be punished by death ; however, an ancient tradition involving male homosexual acts between youngsters and older men (typically wealthy or elite people) called bacha bazi persisted. Despite being illegal, the people engaging in the act were often not punished. Ethnic and religious minorities such as Hazaras , Sikhs , Hindus , and Christians reportedly faced persecution in
2310-687: The Taliban-affiliated Hezb-e-Islami , met with both Hamid Karzai , former President of Afghanistan , and Abdullah Abdullah , Chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation and former Chief Executive , in Doha , seeking to form a government. President Ghani, having settled in the United Arab Emirates , said that he supported such negotiations. On 17 August, the former First Vice President of
2376-431: The Taliban. Despite these concerns, Major General Benjamin Freakley remained focused on executing search-and-destroy missions in the mountains, a plan he had devised prior to arriving in Afghanistan to get NATO allies set up for operations in the country. Canadian and U.S. special force teams on the ground disagreed with diverting resources to chase insurgents in the mountains while facing a significant Taliban attack near
2442-400: The country over the following three and a half months. The Afghan National Army rapidly disintegrated. The institutions of the republic effectively collapsed on 15 August 2021, when the Taliban forces entered Kabul and Afghan President Ashraf Ghani fled the country. Soon after, former first vice president Amrullah Saleh declared himself the caretaker president of Afghanistan and announced
2508-606: The country. On 14 August 2020, UN Human Rights Council experts issued a joint statement urging Afghanistan officials to prevent the killings of human rights defenders as there had been nine deaths of human rights defenders since January 2020. In spite of the turbulent political situation and military conflict which defined the years of the republic an expansion in access to certain utilities and services also took place during this era. Between 2001 and 2021, Afghanistan experienced improvements in health, education and women's rights. Life expectancy increased from 56 to 64 years and
2574-532: The country. Afghanistan's intelligence agency , the National Directorate of Security (NDS), assisted the ANP with security matters. Despite that, all parts of Afghanistan were considered dangerous due to militant activities and terrorism-related incidents. Kidnapping for ransom and robberies were common in major cities. Every year hundreds of Afghan police were killed in the line of duty. Afghanistan
2640-503: The end of July, although these were swiftly reclaimed a few days later. Throughout the fighting, the Taliban suffered heavy losses. The coalition itself also suffered casualties, with nearly 150 soldiers killed and 40 Afghan policemen captured by the Taliban. Tom Koenigs, the top U.N. official in Afghanistan, told the German news weekly Der Spiegel that the Taliban numbers of casualties do not reflect success. "The Taliban fighters reservoir
2706-466: The insurgents. However, as they pursued the Taliban through villages and narrow farm paths, they fell into a Taliban ambush. Four RPGs destroyed a Canadian light armored vehicle before the Taliban fighting positions were neutralized by a B-1 bomber . Hope and his Canadian troops, along with U.S. special force teams in Kandahar, warned of a potential threat to the provincial capital of Kandahar City by
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2772-499: The killing of civilians, kidnapping, and torture. Due to the government's extensive reliance on American military and economic aid , some classed the nation as an American client state , and it gradually lost control of the rural countryside after the conclusion of Operation Enduring Freedom . Following the withdrawal of NATO troops in 2021 , the Taliban launched a massive military offensive in May 2021, allowing them to take control of
2838-646: The majority of the electricity it consumed via transmission lines from Iran and the Central Asian states. In 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtually a non-existent sector, but by 2016 it had grown to a $ 2 billion industry, with 22 million mobile phone subscribers and 5 million internet users. The sector employed at least 120,000 people nationwide. Press restrictions were gradually relaxed and private media diversified after 2002, following more than two decades of tight controls. The Afghan media experienced rapid growth during
2904-543: The maternal mortality rate was reduced by half. 89% of residents living in cities have access to clean water, up from 16% in 2001. The rate of child marriage has been reduced by 17%. The population of Afghanistan increased by more than 50% between 2001 and 2014, while its GDP grew eightfold. As of 2013, 8.2 million Afghans attended school, up from 1.2 million in 2001. 3.2 million girls attended school in 2013, up from fewer than 50,000 in 2001. 39% of girls were attending school in 2017 compared to 6% in 2003. In 2021,
2970-406: The media environment of Afghanistan as 121st out of 179 on its Press Freedom Index , with 1st being most free. However many issues regarding human rights existed contrary to the law, often committed by local tribes, lawmakers and hardline clerics. Journalists in Afghanistan faced threat from both the security forces and insurgents. The Afghan Journalists Safety Committee (AJSC) claimed in 2017 that
3036-554: The mountains, while Saleh and Massoud fled to Tajikistan . As of 2022, scattered fighting between opposition groups and the Taliban continue to occur. On 13 March 2022, the Afghanistan Freedom Front , an ethnically diverse anti-Taliban military group formed, and has since conducted several attacks on the Taliban, including a missile attack on Bagram Airfield , in which six Taliban soldiers were killed and two were wounded. In June 2022, an uprising began in
3102-535: The overthrow of the Islamic Republic, led by President Ashraf Ghani , and the reinstatement of the Islamic Emirate under the control of the Taliban. While the United Nations still recognizes the Islamic Republic as the legitimate government of Afghanistan, this toppled regime controls no portion of the country today, nor does it operate in exile; it effectively no longer exists. The Islamic Emirate
3168-519: The peoples of the country, and the Afghan government was able to build some democratic structures, adopting a constitution in 2004 with the name Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Attempts were made, often with the support of foreign donor countries, to improve the country's economy, healthcare, education, transport, and agriculture in Reconstruction in Afghanistan . ISAF forces also began to train
3234-470: The population age 15 and older was 43.02% (males 55.48% and females 29.81%). The Afghan National Security Forces received mandatory literacy courses as part of their training. According to the World Bank , 98% of the rural population had access to electricity by 2018, up from 28% in 2008. Overall the figure stood at 98.7%. As of 2016, Afghanistan produced 1,400 megawatts of power, but still imported
3300-452: The provincial capitals of Kandahar and Helmand. However, the operation nonetheless proceeded as scheduled and lasted for six weeks in June and July. In the end, the operation did not manage to quell the Taliban insurgency. Coalition forces had cleared some remote districts and then pulled back. Benjamin Freakley later acknowledged that the operation did not achieve anything long-term. Control of
3366-549: The rebels seized Balkhab and controlled the entire district by 13 June 2022. On 23 June 2022, the Taliban began fighting to take back the district. The uprising ended when the Taliban recaptured Balkhab and Mujahid was killed. On the one year anniversary of the Fall of Kabul, the NRF conducted various hit-and-run attacks on Taliban militants. Several other groups, such as the Ahmad Khan Samangani Front and
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#17327768665633432-447: The rebuilding process. The Taliban began an insurgency to regain control of Afghanistan. Over the next decade, ISAF and Afghan troops led many offensives against the Taliban, but failed to fully defeat them. Afghanistan remained one of the poorest countries in the world because of reliance on subsistence agriculture, a lack of foreign investment, government corruption , and the Taliban insurgency. Meanwhile, Karzai attempted to unite
3498-631: The region was transferred from the Americans to other ISAF forces. Attacks continued and even intensified. On the first day that ISAF took control, August 1, a British patrol was hit by enemy fire in Helmand province; three soldiers were killed and one wounded. On the same day, 18 Taliban and one policeman were killed in an anti-Taliban coalition operation in the same province and 15 Afghan policemen were captured when they surrendered in Zabul province while
3564-580: The remaining loyalist forces abandoned their posts and the Afghan Armed Forces de facto ceased to exist. On the evening of 15 August, the Taliban occupied the Arg , lowered the Afghan republican flag and raised their own flag over the palace. On 19 August 2021 the Taliban proclaimed the restoration of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . On 17 August 2021, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , the leader of
3630-507: The respected key ministries. The agreement ended months-long political deadlock in the country. It was agreed that while Ghani will lead Afghanistan as the president, Abdullah would oversee the peace process with the Taliban . Reports emerged on 25 August that a 12-member council will be formed to govern Afghanistan. Reportedly 7 members were already agreed upon: Hekmatyar, Karzai, Abdullah, Abdul Ghani Baradar , Mohammad Yaqoob , Khalil-ur-Rehman Haqqani , and Hanif Atmar . Under
3696-490: The same period, Afghanistan became the 30th highest nation in terms of female representation in the National Assembly. Parties became more influential after 2009, when a new law established more stringent requirements for party registration. Nearly a hundred new parties were registered after the law came into effect, and party activity increased in the 2014 elections, but party influence remained limited. Before
3762-403: The time, Afghanistan had one of the highest infant and child mortality rates in the world, the lowest life expectancy, much of the population were hungry, and infrastructure was in ruins. Many foreign donors started providing aid and assistance to rebuild the war-torn country. Taliban forces meanwhile began regrouping inside Pakistan, while more coalition troops entered Afghanistan to help
3828-534: The votes. Political parties played a marginal role in post-2001 Afghan politics, in part due to Karzai's opposition to them. In the 2005 parliamentary election , the ballots did not show candidates' party affiliation, so the results were dictated by the personal prestige of the candidates. Among the elected officials were a large mix of former mujahideen , Islamic fundamentalists , warlords, tribal nationalists, former communists, reformists , urban professionals, royalists and several former Taliban associates. In
3894-660: Was elected for a full term as president . Meanwhile, the US-led international coalition helped maintain internal security, gradually transferring the burden of defense to the Afghan Armed Forces after 2013–14. However, Taliban forces held control of various areas of the country and the civil war continued. The Taliban regrouped as an insurgency with the alleged support of Pakistan , and escalated attacks on Afghan and coalition forces after 2006–07. This perpetuated Afghanistan's problematic human rights and women's rights records, with numerous abuses committed by both sides, such as
3960-447: Was a joint NATO and Afghan -led military operation in the War in Afghanistan . It involved more than 3,300 British troops, 2,300 U.S. troops, 2,200 Canadian troops, along with approximately 3,500 Afghan soldiers, supported by extensive air power . Its primary objective was to quell the ongoing Taliban insurgency in the south of the country. The operation was launched in response to
4026-564: Was also the world's leading producer of opium . Afghanistan's opium poppy harvest produces more than 90% of illicit heroin globally, and more than 95% of the European supply. The Afghan Ministry of Counter Narcotics was responsible for the monitoring and eradication of the illegal drug business. Afghanistan became a member of the United Nations in 1946. Under the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, it enjoyed cordial relations with
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#17327768665634092-418: Was an increase from 900,000 exclusively male students in 2001. Over 174,000 students were enrolled in different universities around the country . About 21% of these were females. However, former Education Minister Ghulam Farooq Wardak had stated in 2013 that the construction of 8,000 schools was still required for the remaining children who were deprived of formal learning . As of 2018 the literacy rate of
4158-573: Was based in the Panjshir Valley , and used the city of Bazarak as a temporary capital , as it was one of the few areas of Afghanistan that was still under control of the Islamic Republic. On 6 September, after heavy fighting resulting in high losses on both sides, the Taliban claimed to have captured all of Panjshir, with the Taliban flag being hoisted at the governor's office in Bazarak. The remaining NRF troops had reportedly retreated into
4224-436: Was established to replace the Afghan interim (2001–2002) and transitional (2002–2004) administrations, which were formed after the 2001 United States invasion of Afghanistan that had toppled the partially recognized Taliban -ruled Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . However, on 15 August 2021, the country was recaptured by the Taliban , which marked the end of the 2001–2021 war , the longest war in US history . This led to
4290-775: Was the responsibility of the Afghan National Police (ANP), which was part of the Ministry of Interior Affairs . The ANP consisted of two primary branches, the Afghan Uniformed Police and the Afghan Border Police . The mission of the Uniformed Police was to ensure security within Afghanistan, prevent crime, and protect property. The Border Police was responsible for securing and maintaining the nation's borders with neighboring states as well as all international airports within
4356-524: Was to disrupt the Taliban's command structure and target their core leaders and fighters. The hope was that by doing so, it would dissuade less committed individuals from supporting the insurgents, thereby weakening their overall influence. During June and July 2006, Afghanistan experienced some of the bloodiest clashes since the fall of the Taliban regime and Operation Anaconda . The Taliban demonstrated remarkable coordination in their attacks, managing to seize control of two districts in Helmand Province by
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