43-624: Ortaköy ( lit. Middle Village) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province , Turkey . Its population is 9,423 (2022). It is on the European shore of the Bosphorus . it was originally a small fishing village, known in Greek as Agios Fokas (Άγιος Φωκάς) in the Byzantine period and then as Mesachorion (Μεσαχώριον, meaning 'Middle Village'). During
86-697: A surety by the Ottoman government for borrowing loans from British and French banks. Abdulaziz gave special emphasis on modernizing the Ottoman Navy . In 1875, the Ottoman Navy had 21 battleships and 173 warships of other types, ranking as the third largest navy in the world after the British and French navies. His passion for the Navy, ships and sea can be observed in the wall paintings and pictures of
129-528: A document. Abdülaziz's family was also convinced that he was murdered, according to the statements of one of his consorts Neşerek Kadın and his daughter Nazime Sultan . Abdülaziz had six consorts: In addition to these, Abdülaziz planned to marry the Egyptian princess Tawhida Hanim , daughter of the Egyptian Khedive Isma'il Pasha . His Grand Vizier, Mehmed Fuad Pasha ,
172-472: A multipurpose event venue. The exterior of the burnt historic building was left untouched, creating an interesting contrast with its modern interior. In 1871, Sultan Abdülaziz built the Çırağan Palace which stands beside the Bosphorus between Beşiktaş and Ortaköy. The sultan lived in the palace for some time and it was later used as a place of imprisonment for other members of the imperial family. Later
215-428: A number of important European capitals including Paris , London , and Vienna in the summer of 1867. With Fuad and Aali dead by 1871, Abdul Aziz promulgated reactionary ministries and attempted absolutist rule. In his last years as sultan, famine , economic crisis and default , diplomatic isolation, government dysfunction, and uprisings by Christian minorities culminated into a general international crisis known as
258-559: A possibly more subtly intended reminder that they were not in France. The first Ottoman railroads were opened between İzmir – Aydın and Alexandria – Cairo in 1856, during the reign of Sultan Abdulmejid I . The first large railway terminal within present-day Turkey, the Alsancak Terminal in İzmir, was opened in 1858. However, these were individual, unconnected railroads, without a railway network. Sultan Abdulaziz established
301-490: A room at the Topkapı Palace , which happened to be the same room that Sultan Selim III was murdered in. The room caused him to be concerned for his life and he subsequently requested to be moved to Beylerbeyi Palace . His request was denied for the palace was considered inconvenient for his situation and he was moved to Feriye Palace instead. He nevertheless had grown increasingly nervous and paranoid about his security. In
344-696: A speech in Ortaköy at the Galatasaray University during the 2004 NATO Summit. On 1 January 2017, Ortaköy was the scene of a deadly terrorist attack at the Reina nightclub, where hundreds of people were celebrating the New Year. Thirty-nine people lost their lives. The club was closed down and demolished in May 2017. Ortaköy Mosque is a particularly beautiful Neo-Baroque structure right beside
387-594: Is not served by any trams or Metro stations. Although many buses run along the coastal road and pass through it, it is a notorious traffic bottleneck, especially at weekends. Ortaköy had an important role in the daily life of the city during the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent encouraged Turks to move to Ortaköy, thereby beginning
430-527: The 15 July Martyrs Bridge ), one of the three bridges that connect the European and Asian banks of İstanbul. The Esma Sultan Mansion (1875) also stands near the Bosphorus Bridge . An Ottoman-era yalı presented to Esma Sultan as a wedding gift by her father Sultan Abdülaziz , it was badly damaged by a fire in 1975. then renovated in the 1990s by The Marmara Hotels group. In 2001 it opened as
473-556: The Beylerbeyi Palace , which was constructed during his reign. However, the large budget for modernizing and expanding the Navy, combined with the 1873–1875 Anatolian Famine which reduced the government's tax revenues, contributed to the financial difficulties that caused the Porte to declare a sovereign default with the "Ramazan Kanunnamesi" on 30 October 1875. The subsequent decision to increase agricultural taxes for paying
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#1732773293606516-551: The Great Eastern Crisis . He was deposed by his ministers on the grounds of having mismanaged the Ottoman economy on 30 May 1876, and was found dead six days later in mysterious circumstances. Abdulaziz was born at Eyüp Palace, Constantinople ( Istanbul ) on 8 February 1830. His parents were Mahmud II and Pertevniyal Sultan , originally named Besime, a Circassian . The Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque
559-616: The Ottoman era and into the first decades of the Turkish Republic, Ortaköy was a cosmopolitan place with communities of Turks , Greeks , Armenians and Jews . Today although the neighbourhood still retains a Jewish synagogue and Greek Orthodox church, it is almost entirely Turkish and Muslim. It is a popular tourist area, with small art galleries, expensive nightclubs, cafés, bars, and restaurants. There are several good educational establishments, such as Kabataş Erkek Lisesi and Galatasaray University , in Ortaköy. Ortaköy
602-611: The Ottoman public debt to foreign creditors (mainly British and French banks) triggered the Great Eastern Crisis in the empire's Balkan provinces . The crisis culminated in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) that devastated the already struggling Ottoman economy, which led to the establishment of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration in 1881, during the early years of Sultan Abdulhamid II 's reign. The global financial turmoil increased
645-651: The ʻUrabi revolt (1879–1882). Egypt and Sudan (together with Cyprus ) nominally remained Ottoman territories until 5 November 1914, when the British Empire declared war against the Ottoman Empire during World War I and changed the status of these territories as British protectorates (which was formally recognized by Turkey with Articles 17–21 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923). By 1871, both Fuad Pasha and Âli Pasha were dead. The Second French Empire ,
688-553: The Asian side of Istanbul, from Haydarpaşa to Pendik , began in 1871. The line was opened on 22 September 1872. The railway was extended to Gebze , which opened on 1 January 1873. In August 1873 the railway reached Izmit . Another railway extension was built in 1871 to serve a populated area along Bursa and the Sea of Marmara . The Anatolia Railway was then extended to Ankara and eventually to Mesopotamia , Syria and Arabia during
731-473: The Bosphorus and visible from passing boats.The first version of the mosque was built in the 18th century but the current mosque, commissioned by Sultan Abdülmecid I and designed by architects (father and son) Garabet Amira Balyan and Nigoğayos Balyan in Neo-Baroque style, was built between 1854 and 1856. The mosque is very close to the European pylon of the Bosphorus Bridge (now officially renamed
774-616: The British Embassy; Dr. O. Vitalis, Physician of the Sanitary Board; Dr. E. Spadare, J. Nouridjian, Miltiadi Bey, Mustafa, Mehmed" certified that the death had been "caused by the loss of blood produced by the wounds of the blood-vessels at the joints of the arms" and that "the direction and nature of the wounds, together with the instrument which is said to have produced them, lead us to conclude that suicide had been committed". One of those physicians also stated that "His skin
817-932: The Ottoman Empire joined the Universal Postal Union in 1875 as a founding member. Abdulaziz cultivated good relations with France and the United Kingdom . In 1867 he was the first Ottoman sultan to visit Western Europe . Ostensibly he was to see the Paris exhibition of 1867 at Napoleon III 's invitation, however the real goal was to reestablish Ottoman credit and forestall a Franco-Russian intervention in rebellious Crete . His voyage in visiting order (from 21 June 1867 to 7 August 1867): Istanbul – Messina – Naples – Toulon – Marseille – Paris – Boulogne – Dover – London – Dover – Calais – Brussels – Koblenz – Vienna – Budapest – Orșova – Vidin – Ruse – Varna – Istanbul. In London, he
860-551: The Palace was used to house the Ottoman Parliament until it was badly damaged by a fire in 1910. Repaired and restored in the 1980s, it is now the Çırağan Palace Kempinski Istanbul Hotel , one of Istanbul 's most luxurious hotels . The local sports club is Ortaköy Spor Kulübü . [REDACTED] Media related to Ortaköy at Wikimedia Commons Istanbul Province Too Many Requests If you report this error to
903-552: The Turkish presence in what had been a largely Greek neighbourhood. One of the oldest buildings in Ortaköy is the hamam (Turkish bath) that was built by the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan in 1556 (this is no longer in use). During the 19th century the British writer Emilia Hornby rented a house in Ortaköy and left a vivid description of life there in her Constantinople During the Crimean War , published in 1863. After
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#1732773293606946-872: The Western European model embraced by Sultan Abdulaziz, had been defeated in the Franco-Prussian War . Abdulaziz turned to the Russian Empire for friendship, as unrest in the Balkan provinces continued. In 1875, the Herzegovinian rebellion triggered further unrest in the Balkan provinces. In 1876, the April Uprising saw insurrection spreading among the Bulgarians . Ill feeling mounted against Russia for its encouragement of
989-512: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 541420713 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:54:53 GMT Abd%C3%BClaziz Abdulaziz ( Ottoman Turkish : عبد العزيز , romanized : ʿAbdü'l-ʿAzîz ; Turkish : Abdülaziz ; 8 February 1830 – 4 June 1876)
1032-469: The establishment of Israel in 1948, most of the Jewish population emigrated. The riots of 1955 caused many members of Ortaköy's Greek and Armenian communities to leave as well. There are very few non-Muslims left today. The German architect Bruno Taut lived in a hillside house above Ortaköy that combined Japanese and European architectural styles to reflect his life in exile. George W. Bush gave
1075-615: The first Ottoman railway networks. On 17 April 1869, the concession for the Rumelia Railway (i.e. Balkan Railways, Rumeli (Rumelia) meaning the Balkan peninsula in Ottoman Turkish ) which connected Istanbul to Vienna was awarded to Baron Maurice de Hirsch (Moritz Freiherr Hirsch auf Gereuth), a Bavaria-born banker from Belgium. The project foresaw a railway route from Istanbul via Edirne , Plovdiv and Sarajevo to
1118-429: The governors of Ottoman Egypt and Sudan since 1805, but were willing to use the higher title of Khedive, which was unrecognized by the Ottoman government until 1867. In return, the first Khedive, Ismail Pasha , had agreed a year earlier (in 1866) to increase the annual tax revenues which Egypt and Sudan would provide for the Ottoman treasury. Between 1854 and 1894, the revenues from Egypt and Sudan were often declared as
1161-482: The importance for Britain of the sureties regarding the Ottoman tax revenues from Egypt and Sudan for the repayment of Ottoman debts to British banks. Combined with the strategically important Suez Canal which was opened in 1869, these sureties were influential in the British government's decision to occupy Egypt and Sudan in 1882, with the pretext of helping the Ottoman-Egyptian government to put down
1204-527: The leadership of his chief ministers, Mehmed Fuad Pasha and Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha . New administrative districts ( vilayets ) were set up in 1864 and a Council of State was established in 1868. Public education was organized on the French model and Istanbul University was reorganised as a modern institution in 1861. He was also integral in establishing the first Ottoman civil code . Under his reign, Turkey's first postage stamps were issued in 1863, and
1247-547: The morning of 4 June, Abdulaziz asked for a pair of scissors to trim his beard. Shortly after this, he was found dead in a pool of blood flowing from two wounds in his arms. Several physicians were allowed to examine his body. Among which "Dr. Marco, Nouri, A. Sotto, Physician attached to the Imperial and Royal Embassy of Austria-Hungary; Dr. Spagnolo, Marc Markel, Jatropoulo, Abdinour, Servet, J. de Castro, A. Marroin, Julius Millingen , C. Caratheodori; E. D. Dickson, Physician of
1290-780: The museums in Paris (30 June – 10 July 1867), London (12–23 July 1867) and Vienna (28–30 July 1867) he ordered the establishment of an Imperial Museum in Istanbul: the Istanbul Archaeology Museum . In 1868, Abdulaziz received visits from Eugénie de Montijo , Empress consort of Napoleon III of France and other foreign monarchs on their way to the opening of the Suez Canal . He took Eugénie to see his mother in Dolmabahçe Palace . Pertevniyal considered
1333-462: The parents of Isma'il Pasha . Abdulaziz received an Ottoman education but was nevertheless an ardent admirer of the material progress that was being achieved in the West. He was the first Ottoman sultan who traveled to Western Europe , visiting a number of important European capitals including Paris , London , and Vienna in the summer of 1867. In addition to his interest in literature, Abdulaziz
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1376-462: The presence of a foreign woman within her private quarters of the seraglio to be an insult. She reportedly slapped Eugénie across the face, which almost caused an international incident. According to another account, Pertevniyal was outraged by the forwardness of Eugénie in taking the arm of one of her sons while he gave a tour of the palace garden, and she gave the Empress a slap on the stomach as
1419-402: The rebellions. While no single event led to his deposition, the crop failure of 1873 and his lavish expenditures on the Ottoman Navy and on new palaces which he had built, along with mounting public debt, helped to create an atmosphere that conducted to the end of his reign. Abdulaziz was deposed by his ministers on 30 May 1876. Following Sultan Abdulaziz's dethronement, he was taken into
1462-616: The reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II , with the completion of the Baghdad Railway and Hejaz Railway . Also in 1867, Abdulaziz became the first Ottoman Sultan to formally recognize the title of Khedive (Viceroy) to be used by the Governor of the Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt and Sudan (1517–1867), which thus became the autonomous Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan (1867–1914). Muhammad Ali Pasha and his descendants had been
1505-730: The shore of the Sava River . In 1873, the first Sirkeci Terminal in Istanbul was opened. The temporary Sirkeci terminal building was later replaced with the current one which was built between 1888 and 1890 (during the reign of Abdülhamid II) and became the final destination terminus of the Orient Express . In 1871, Sultan Abdulaziz established the Anatolia Railway . Construction works of the 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard gauge on
1548-399: The time were afraid the public would become outraged and revolt to bring Abdulaziz back to power. Thus, they arranged the assassination of Abdulaziz by cutting his wrists and announced that "he committed suicide". This book of memoir was commonly referred to as a first-hand testimony of the assassination of Abdulaziz. Yet it was proven, later on, that Abdulhamid II never wrote nor dictated such
1591-452: Was a clandestine operation carried out by the British. Another similar claim is based on the book The Memoirs of Sultan Abdulhamid II . In the book, which turned out to be a fraud, the author claims that Sultan Murad V had begun to show signs of paranoia, madness, and continuous fainting and vomiting until the day of his coronation, and he even threw himself into a pool yelling at his guards to protect his life. High-ranking politicians of
1634-621: Was also a classical music composer. He took a special interest in documenting the Ottoman Empire. Some of his compositions, together with those of the other members of the Ottoman dynasty , have been collected in the album European Music at the Ottoman Court by the London Academy of Ottoman Court Music. Between 1861 and 1871, the Tanzimat reforms which began during the reign of his brother Abdulmejid I were continued under
1677-499: Was built under the patronage of his mother. The construction work began in November 1869 and the mosque was finished in 1871. His paternal grandparents were Sultan Abdul Hamid I and Sultana Nakşidil Sultan . Several accounts identify his paternal grandmother with Aimée du Buc de Rivéry , a cousin of Empress Joséphine . Pertevniyal was a sister of Hushiyar Qadin , third wife of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt . Khushiyar and Ibrahim were
1720-399: Was dominated by the duo of Fuad Pasha and Aali Pasha , who accelerated reorganization. The Vilayet Law was promulgated, Western codes were applied to more aspects of Ottoman law , and the millets were restructured. The issue of Tanzimat dualism continued to plague the empire, however. He was the first Ottoman sultan who traveled to Western Europe in a diplomatic capacity, visiting
1763-649: Was made a Knight of the Garter by Queen Victoria and shown a Royal Navy Fleet Review with Ismail Pasha . He travelled by a private rail car, which today can be found in the Rahmi M. Koç Museum in Istanbul. His fellow Knights of the Garter created in 1867 were Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond , Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland , Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort , Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (a son of Queen Victoria), Franz Joseph I of Austria and Alexander II of Russia . Impressed by
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1806-523: Was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was overthrown in a government coup . He was a son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdulmejid I in 1861. Abdulaziz's reign began with the Ottoman Empire resurgent following the Crimean War and two decades of Tanzimat reform, though reliant on European capital. The decade after his accession
1849-407: Was very pale, and entirely free from bruises, marks or spots of any kind whatever. There was no lividity of the lips indicating suffocation nor any sign of pressure having been applied to the throat". Abdulaziz's death was documented as a suicide. There are several sources claiming the death of Abdulaziz was due to an assassination. Islamic nationalist author Necip Fazıl Kısakürek claimed that it
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