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59-491: It lies 40 km NW of Pau on the Southern railway to Bayonne . The town also encompasses the small village of Sainte-Suzanne , an independent commune until 1973; residents of the town are called either Orthéziens or Sainte-Suzannais . Orthez straddles the westward-flowing Gave de Pau , with most of the town proper having developed on the right bank. Several residential developments and an industrial park are located on

118-623: A first step of the beautification of the city. Within its recent mandates, on the outskirts, the university was expanding and the Pau-Pyrénées was one of the first in France to develop a fibre-optic network, infrastructure offering a very high-speed internet access both to individuals and companies. New facilities were created, including sports, such as the Zénith de Pau }, the Palais des Sports ,

177-625: A large student population. The city plays a leading role for Béarn but also for a wide segment of the Adour area. Pau's heritage extends over several centuries, its diversity and its quality allowed it to obtain the label of City of Art and History in 2011. The name of its people is Palois in French, and paulin in Occitan. The motto of Pau is in Latin : Urbis palladium et gentis ("protective of

236-535: A little less than its neighbour of the Hautes-Pyrénées, Tarbes , which averages 1940 hours of sunshine per year. Fog is infrequent and does not persist much beyond noon. The lack of wind especially characterizes the climate of the Pau region. Strong winds are very rare, in general, winds are very low or zero. This climate has helped Pau to become, at the end of the 19th century, a winter resort spot popular with

295-431: A pentagonal tower of the 13th century, once the keep of a castle of the viscounts of Béarn , and now used as a meteorological observatory. A building of the 17th century is all that remains of the old Calvinist university (see below). The town hall is a newer building containing the library. Early in the 20th century, the spinning and weaving of hemp and flax, especially of the fabric called toile de Béarn , flour-milling,

354-511: A song of Béarn to the Virgin Mary, so that the future Henry IV was "neither fearful nor balked." She had crossed into France to ensure her son would be born there. The baby's lips were moistened with the local Jurançon wine and rubbed with garlic shortly after birth. When Henry IV left Pau to become King of France, he remarked to local notables that he was not giving Béarn to France, but giving France to Béarn. The troops of Charles IX took

413-571: Is at 110 km (68 mi), Bordeaux 190 km (118 mi). The city, located at an average altitude of 200 metres (660 ft), is crossed by the Gave de Pau , where a ford gave passage to the Pyrenees. Gave is the name given to a torrent in the Pyrenees. The Gave de Pau, which becomes a torrent when mountain snow melts, takes its source in the Cirque de Gavarnie and is the main tributary of

472-449: The arrondissement (district) of Orthez ). Orthez is known in sport for basketball with Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez team, which is one of the most successful French basketball clubs. Orthez is the smallest town of the continent to have won a Euro Cup ( Korać Cup in 1984) in all sports. Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez moved to Pau in 1991. Orthez was the site for the start of Stage 16 in the 2007 Tour de France . The main sports clubs of

531-639: The 18th régiment d'infanterie , 1st and 18th Parachute Chasseur Regimen (parachute regiment) who were stationed in the town. All participated in the various conflicts of the 20th century. The 18th RCP was dissolved in 1961, due to having contributed to the putsch of the generals of Algiers . It had previously participated in the May 1958 crisis which had ended the Fourth Republic . The 1st RCP remained in barracks in 1983 in Idron camp when one of its elements

590-618: The Adour , into which it empties after 175 kilometres (109 mi). The crossing was used for pasturage for sheep in the high meadows. The old route is now a hiking path, GR 65 , that runs 60 km (37 mi) south to the border. The lands of the commune are also watered by the Luy de Béarn , a tributary the Luy , and by its tributaries, the Aïgue Longue and the Uzan , as well as the Soust,

649-596: The FIBA Saporta Cup ). The last Korać Cup season was held during the 2001–02 season . The Korać Cup was named after the legendary Yugoslav player Radivoj Korać , killed in 1969 in a car accident near Sarajevo . The Korać Cup is not to be confused with the Serbian national basketball cup competition, the Radivoj Korać Cup , which has been named after Radivoj Korać since the mid-2000s, the next year after

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708-594: The House of Bernadotte , born in 1763. Pau was a castelnau founded at an unknown date, in the second half of the 11th or the very beginning of the 12th century, to control a fording of the Gave de Pau which was used for the passage of the shepherds in transhumance between the mountains of Ossau and pasture of the plain of the Pont-Long. A castle was built, overlooking the north bank, at equal distance from Lescar , seat of

767-531: The Jaï Alaï , and the artificial whitewater arena. The city acquired an important centre of health. The racecourse and the airport (depending on CCI) were renovated. The centre of town also saw significant upheavals with the rehabilitation of the Palais Beaumont and the construction of a new private commercial centre named Centre Bosquet . Pau finally embarked on the pedestrianisation of its centre with

826-506: The Lacq gas field , discovered in 1951, gave new momentum to the region with the industrial development of Béarn and the Lacq area ( SNPA , EDF , Pechiney and Rhône-Poulenc being the most important employers), the population of the town doubled in 20 years. Major infrastructure projects were carried out, such as the construction of several schools representing more than 100 classes, creation of

885-572: The flying aces of World War I , then the fighter school of France, settled there. French aviators Thénault, Simon, Paul Codos , Georges Bellenger Bellenger , Garros , Nungesser , Guynemer , and the Béarnais aviators Artigau and Mace, among many others, and finally the American aviators Lufbery , Thaw, Chapman, Prince and the McConnell brothers, were among those who flew there. Pau hosted

944-413: The 12th century, Orthez was the capital of Béarn , after Morlaàs and before Pau , which is still the prefectural administrative capital. At the end of the 12th century, Orthez passed from the possession of the viscounts of Dax to that of the viscounts of Bearn, whose chief place of residence it became in the 13th century. Froissart records the splendour of the court of Orthez under Gaston Phoebus in

1003-668: The Béarnaise Society of Urban Streetcars. The network consisted of three lines, with a length of 7 kilometres (4.3 mi). It disappeared in 1931. The town of Pau was also served by the Pau-Oloron-Mauléon railway (POM), whose main station was found at the Place de la République . Three lines served Monein , Pontacq and Lembeye . Steam traction was used on the network, which disappeared in December 1931. While

1062-650: The English, Russian and Brazilian bourgeoisie. In 1842 a British doctor, Alexander Taylor, attributed healing 'sedative' virtues to the Pau climate. This mild and rather wet climate, is also an enhancement to the gardens, parks and public spaces of the city, and for plants from more exotic regions such as Chinese windmill palm ( Trachycarpus fortunei ), originating in the Chinese mountains, but also for giant sequoias ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) and laurel magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora ) of American origin. The origin of

1121-795: The Herrère, the Ousse and the Ousse des Bois, tributaries of the Gave de Pau. The Aygue Longue is in turn joined the territory of Pau by the Bruscos and the Lata streams, just as the Ousse is joined by the Merdé stream. The Lau Creek that feeds the Canal du Moulin, meanwhile is also present in the municipality. Pau features wet mild winters, with warm, mild summers that are drier. Its geographical location, not far from

1180-572: The Infanta Eleanor of Aragon , transferred his Court of Orthez to Pau. Pau thus became the fourth historic capital of Béarn , after Lescar , Morlaàs and Orthez . The city had a municipal charter; fairs took place, like the Béarn states. He transformed the curtain walls of his castle home. In 1512, it became the capital of the Kings of Navarre , who were refugees north of the Pyrenees, after

1239-714: The Pau-Uzein airport in 1955 (now the Pau Pyrénées Airport ) to modernise the old Pau-Pont-Long airfield (in the commune of Lescar), creation of social housing (all of the Ousse des Bois in 1961, and Dufau Terrace from 1962), creation of the exhibition centre, the University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour and construction of a second bridge over the River Gave in Jurançon. A vast town planning scheme allowed

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1298-525: The Pyrenees, gives the city a contrasting, warm oceanic climate . Temperatures colder than −10 °C (14.0 °F) are rare and those below −15 °C (5.0 °F) are exceptional. Temperatures reached lows of −15 °C (5.0 °F) in February 1956 and −17.5 °C (0.5 °F) in January 1985. Snow falls about 3 days per year (0.45 metres (18 in) in 1987), from November to March. In summer,

1357-656: The Scottish physician Alexander Taylor (1802–1879) advocated Pau for a winter cure. The success of his work was important and Pau became a holiday resort for the British. In 1876, there were 28,908 inhabitants of Pau. The English settled there and took advantage of the first golf on the continent, of fox hunting (Pau fox hunt), and held races at the Pont-Long Racecourse. From the 1870s the Boulevard du Midi

1416-575: The bishops, and from Morlaàs , capital of the Viscounts of Béarn. In 1188, Gaston VI assembled his cour majour there, predecessor of the conseil souverain and roughly equivalent to the House of Lords . Gaston VII added a third tower in the 13th century. Gaston Fébus (Gaston III of Foix and Gaston X of Béarn) added a brick donjon (keep), known as la tour Billère [the Tower of Billère]. In 1464, Gaston IV of Foix-Béarn , after he married

1475-542: The capture of Pamplona by the Spaniards. In 1520, it had a sovereign council and a chamber of accounts. In 1527, Henri d'Albret , King of Navarre and sovereign viscountcy of Béarn, married Marguerite of Angoulême , sister of Francis I of France : She transformed the château in the Renaissance style and created its gardens. In 1553, his daughter, Jeanne d'Albret , gave birth to Henry III of Navarre by singing

1534-640: The château, which became a prison for a time. In 1838, Louis-Philippe did boldly restore it, to highlight the medieval and Renaissance character. Napoleon III added a double tower framing a false entry, to the West. He also added streets of Belle Époque architecture, before the fashion transferred to Biarritz . After the July Monarchy , Pau became, between 1830 and 1914, had the most famous climate and sports resort in Western Europe. In 1842,

1593-623: The city and its people"). Pau is 100 kilometres (62 miles) from the Atlantic Ocean and 50 km (31 miles) from the border with Spain on the Pyrenees. The frontier is crossed by the col du Somport (1,631 metres (5,351 feet)) and the col du Pourtalet (1,794 m (5,886 ft)). Access to the crossings partly accounts for Pau's strategic importance. Pau is located 200 km (124 mi) west of Toulouse , 30 km (19 mi) from Tarbes and Lourdes , 25 km (16 mi) from Oloron . The conglomeration of Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz

1652-486: The city are known as paulins in Occitan, and palois in French. Their motto is Urbis palladium et gentis . Before the 10th century, there are no traces to date of occupation of the site on which the city is now built. The city was built on a site with very special qualities. The Gave de Pau , which descends from the Pyrenees, was a river which was fairly difficult to cross, and for a distance of approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi), only three fords existed: from Nay to

1711-465: The city are: Rugby  : Soccer  : Basketball  : Pau, Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques Pau ( French pronunciation: [po] , Occitan pronunciation: [paw] : Basque : Paue ) is a commune overlooking the Pyrenees , and prefecture of the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques , region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine , France. The city is located in

1770-478: The city, but d'Albret took over in 1569. Catherine of Bourbon , sister of Henri IV, governed Béarn in his place. In 1619, Pau revolted. Louis XIII occupied it and, after receiving the submission of the fortified town of Navarrenx , pronounced the attachment of Béarn and Navarre to France by the edict of 20 October 1620. It thus transformed the sovereign Council of Béarn in the Parliament of Navarre, joining

1829-424: The conditions of their stay. First built in the centre of town, these residences spread out more and more to enjoy the great outdoors and views of the Pyrenees. Between 1850 and 1910, many residences were thus built and still evoke the splendour of this period, today. This golden period of climate tourism in Pau stopped abruptly at the outbreak of World War I . The first balloon flights took place in Pau in 1844 and

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1888-417: The east, from Orthez to the west and that of Pau, strategically located between the two. The northern extremity of a plateau, formed to a point, overlooks this ford of almost 80 metres (260 ft). In summary, it is an ideal natural location to control the passage and the arrivals from the Pyrenees, and a small monitoring station was built around the year 1000, a fort surrounded by a simple palisade. The site

1947-677: The election. Bayrou was clearly ahead in the second round of voting. Kora%C4%87 Cup The FIBA Korać Cup was an annual basketball club competition held by FIBA Europe between the 1971–72 and 2001–02 seasons. It was the third-tier level club competition in European basketball, after the FIBA European Champions Cup (later renamed the EuroLeague ) and the FIBA Cup Winners Cup (later renamed

2006-638: The end of Béarnaise independence in 1620, Pau lost its influence but remained at the head of a largely autonomous province. It was home to the Parliament of Navarre and Béarn during the Revolution , when it was dismantled to create the Department of Basses-Pyrénées . The Belle Époque marked a resurgence for the Béarnaise capital with a massive influx of wealthy foreign tourists, who came to spend

2065-647: The extension of the commune to the north through the coulée verte [green corridor]. The configuration of the city shortly moved from the end of the 1960s. The fame and prestige of the city increased thanks to the conference of the Indochinese States from June to November 1950, visits of Heads of State such as president Charles de Gaulle in February 1959 and the first Secretary of the Soviet Union , Nikita Khrushchev , travelling in Lacq in 1960. André Labarrère , mayor from 1971 to 2006, worked towards

2124-574: The first flights by plane , from 1909, the year in which the Wright brothers transferred to Pau (on the moor of Pont-Long, in commune of Lescar). They had originally initiated a first aviation school at Le Mans (Sarthe Department), formed of three student pilots, who they were committed to train in France. Pau alone hosted seven global aircraft manufacturers until 1914 and became the world capital of aviation. The military aviation school, which trained

2183-640: The foot of the mountains. The palisade or pal, from the Latin palum , also has the same ancient basis but it is not under this meaning that formed the name of Pau, this can be compared to the Col de Pau in the Aspe Valley (1,942 metres (6,371 ft), Lescun ) which has nothing to do with the city. Its name in the Béarnese dialect is Pau . The name of the town was recorded in the 12th century. The inhabitants of

2242-477: The future courses of Pau and Saint-Palais . Pau had a new enclosure in 1649, and then a university in 1722. King Charles XIV of Sweden , the first royal Bernadotte , was born in Pau in the 18th century. On 14 October 1790, it was declared, after Navarrenx, the new capital of the Department of Basses-Pyrénées. This status was removed on 11 October 1795 in favor of Oloron , then made permanent on 5 March 1796. Napoleon expressed his interest and helped to save

2301-535: The heart of the former sovereign principality of Béarn , of which it was the capital from 1464. Pau lies on the Gave de Pau , and is located 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Spain . This position gives it a striking panorama across the mountain range of the Pyrenees , especially from its landmark "Boulevard des Pyrénées", as well as the hillsides of Jurançon . According to Alphonse de Lamartine , "Pau has

2360-8779: The international Korać Cup competition was terminated. Following the 2011 agreement between FIBA Europe and the Basketball Federation of Serbia , the actual winners' trophy given out for 30 years in the Korać Cup (the so-called "Žućko's left") will, from 2012 onwards, be given to the winning team of the Serbian national cup competition. Nikola Plećaš , Damir Rukavina , Vječeslav Kavedžija , Rajko Gospodnetić , Milivoj Omašić , Eduard Bočkaj , Ivica Valek , Dragan Kovačić , Petar Jelić , Ante Ercegović , Zdenko Grgić , Srećko Šute , Zvonko Avberšek ( Head Coach : Marijan Catinelli ) Pierlo Marzorati , Bob Lienhard , Carlo Recalcati , Antonio Farina , Mario Beretta , Fabrizio Della Fiori , Luciano Vendemini , Franco Meneghel , Renzo Tombolato , Giorgio Cattini , Danilo Zonta ( Head Coach : Arnaldo Taurisano ) Pierlo Marzorati , Bob Lienhard , Carlo Recalcati , Fabrizio Della Fiori , Antonio Farina , Franco Meneghel , Mario Beretta , Renzo Tombolato , Giorgio Cattini , Luciano Vendemini , Danilo Zonta ( Head Coach : Arnaldo Taurisano ) Bob Lienhard , Pierlo Marzorati , Fabrizio Della Fiori , Carlo Recalcati , Antonio Farina , Franco Meneghel , Mario Beretta , Renzo Tombolato , Giorgio Cattini , Silvano Cancian ( Head Coach : Arnaldo Taurisano ) Željko Jerkov , Rato Tvrdić , Duje Krstulović , Mirko Grgin , Mlađan Tudor , Branko Macura , Ivo Bilanović , Ivica Skaric , Damir Šolman , Branislav Stamenković , Ivica Dukan , Mihajlo Manović , Drago Peterka , Slobodan Bjelajac ( Head Coach : Petar Skansi ) Željko Jerkov , Rato Tvrdić , Damir Šolman , Duje Krstulović , Mlađan Tudor , Mirko Grgin , Mihajlo Manović , Ivo Bilanović , Branko Macura , Ivica Dukan , Slobodan Bjelajac , Predrag Kruščić ( Head Coach : Petar Skansi ) Dragan Kićanović , Dražen Dalipagić , Miodrag Marić , Jadran Vujačić , Boban Petrović , Dragan Todorić , Dušan Kerkez , Boris Beravs , Milenko Babić , Milan Medić , Arsenije Pešić , Zoran Krečković , Dragan Đukić ( Head Coach : Ranko Žeravica ) Dragan Kićanović , Miodrag Marić , Boban Petrović , Arsenije Pešić , Dragan Todorić , Jadran Vujačić , Dušan Kerkez , Boris Beravs , Goran Knežević , Milenko Savović , Milenko Babić , Milan Medić , Predrag Bojić , Miroslav Milojević ( Head Coach : Dušan Ivković ) Roberto Brunamonti , Lee Johnson , Willie Sojourner , Giuseppe Danzi , Alberto Scodavolpe , Gianfranco Sanesi , Antonio Olivieri , Luca Blasetti , Mauro Antonelli , Stefano Colantoni , Paolo di Fazi , Antonio Coppola ( Head Coach : Elio Pentassuglia ) Al Skinner , Luis Miguel Santillana , Josep Maria Margall , Gonzalo Sagi-Vela , Joe Galvin , Ernesto Delgado , German Gonzalez , Jordi Villacampa , Francisco Sole , Roberto Mora , Antonio Pruna ( Head Coach : Manel Comas ) Ed Murphy , Richard Dacoury , Jean-Michel Sénégal , Irv Kiffin , Apollo Faye , Jean-Luc Deganis , Yves-Marie Verove , Didier Rose , Richard Billet , Philippe Koundrioukoff , Eric Narbonne , Benoit Tremouille ( Head Coach : André Buffière ) Ed Murphy , Richard Dacoury , Jean-Michel Sénégal , Glenn Mosley , Apollo Faye , Jean-Luc Deganis , Hugues Occansey , Didier Dobbels , Didier Rose , Eric Narbonne , Mathieu Faye , Olivier Garry ( Head Coach : André Buffière ) Paul Henderson , John McCullough , Bengaly Kaba , Mathieu Bisseni , Freddy Hufnagel , Christian Ortega, Philippe Laperche , Pascal Laperche , Didier Gadou , Alain Gadou ( Head Coach : George Fisher ) Mike D'Antoni , Dino Meneghin , Russ Schoene , Roberto Premier , Joe Barry Carroll , Renzo Bariviera , Franco Boselli , Mario Pettorossi , Vittorio Gallinari , Tullio De Piccoli , Marco Lamperti , Mario Governa , Marco Baldi ( Head Coach : Dan Peterson ) Leo Rautins , Bruce Flowers , Enrico Gilardi , Marco Solfrini , Stefano Sbarra , Fulvio Polesello , Franco Rossi , Phil Melillo , Fabrizio Valente , Claudio Brunetti , Gianluca Duri , Franco Picozzi ( Head Coach : Mario de Sisti ) Juan Antonio San Epifanio , Chicho Sibilio , Wallace Bryant , Ignacio Solozabal , Andrés Jiménez , Steve Trumbo , Juan Domingo De la Cruz , Quim Costa , Jordi Soler , Julian Ortiz , Ferran Martínez , Kenny Simpson ( Head Coach : Aíto García Reneses ) Wendell Alexis , Fernando Martín , Brad Branson , Fernando Romay , Juan Antonio Corbalán , José Biriukov , José Luis Llorente , Juan Manuel López Iturriaga , Pep Cargol , Antonio Martín , Alfonso Del Corral ( Head Coach : Lolo Sainz ) Vlade Divac , Aleksandar Đorđević , Predrag Danilović , Žarko Paspalj , Ivo Nakić , Željko Obradović , Oliver Popović , Milenko Savović , Jadran Vujačić , Miladin Mutavdžić , Boris Orcev , Predrag Prlinčević , Dejan Lakićević , Vladimir Bosanac ( Head Coach : Dušan Vujošević ) Jordi Villacampa , Lemone Lampley , Reggie Johnson , Juan Antonio Morales , Jose Antonio Montero , Rafael Jofresa , Tomás Jofresa , Carlos Ruf , Josep Maria Margall , Dani Pérez , Antonio Medianero , Pere Remon , Ferran Lopez , Robert Bellavista ( Head Coach : Herb Brown / Pedro Martínez ) Pace Mannion , Pierlo Marzorati , Davide Pessina , Giuseppe Bosa , Roosevelt Bouie , Alberto Rossini , Angelo Gilardi , Andrea Gianolla , Silvano Dal Seno , Omar Tagliabue , Alessandro Zorzolo , Fabio Gatti ( Head Coach : Fabrizio Frates ) Dino Rađa , Rick Mahorn , Roberto Premier , Andrea Niccolai , Alessandro Fantozzi , Donato Avenia , Stefano Attruia , Fausto Bargna , Davide Croce , Gianluca Lulli ( Head Coach : Paolo di Fonzo ) Aleksandar Đorđević , Antonello Riva , Antonio Davis , Riccardo Pittis , Flavio Portaluppi , Davide Pessina , Fabrizio Ambrassa , Paolo Alberti , Marco Baldi , Marco Sambugaro , Massimo Re ( Head Coach : Mike D'Antoni ) Walter Berry , Zoran Savić , Branislav Prelević , John Korfas , Nasos Galakteros , Nikos Boudouris , Achilleas Mamatziolas , George Ballogiannis , Christos Tsekos , Efthimis Rentzias , Georgios Valavanidis , Fotis Takianos ( Head Coach : Soulis Markopoulos ) Teoman Alibegović , Saša Obradović , Gunther Behnke , Henrik Rödl , Ingo Freyer , Ademola Okulaja , Stephan Baeck , Teoman Öztürk , Sebastian Machowski , Patrick Falk , Oliver Braun ( Head Coach : Svetislav Pešić ) Petar Naumoski , Conrad McRae , Ufuk Sarıca , Mirsad Türkcan , Volkan Aydın , Tamer Oyguç , Murat Evliyaoğlu , Hüseyin Beşok , Bora Sancar , Mustafa Kemal Bitim , Alpay Öztaş , Erdal Bibo ( Head Coach : Aydın Örs ) José "Piculín" Ortiz , Charles Shackleford , Mario Boni , Panagiotis Liadelis , Dinos Angelidis , Mike Nahar , Alan Tomidy , Tzanis Stavrakopoulos , Giannis Sioutis , Georgios Floros , Srđan Jovanović , Alexis Papadatos , Aris Holopoulos ( Head Coach : Slobodan-Lefteris Subotić ) Mike Iuzzolino , Hansi Gnad , Randolph Keys , Myron Brown , Roberto Dalla Vecchia , Roberto Bullara , Joachim Jerichow , Alessandro Boni , Matteo Nobile , Giampiero Savio , Damiano Dalfini , Davide Tisato , Matteo Sacchetti , Mario Soave , Massimo Spezie ( Head Coach : Andrea Mazzon ) Aleksandar Đorđević , Derrick Alston , Milan Gurović , Efthimis Rentzias , Roger Esteller , Rodrigo De la Fuente , Roberto Dueñas , Xavi Fernandez , Ignacio Rodríguez , Alfons Alzamora , Oriol Junyent , Juan Carlos Navarro , Chema Marcos ( Head Coach : Aíto García Reneses ) Marcus Brown , Yann Bonato , Harper Williams , Frédéric Weis , Bruno Hamm , Thierry Rupert , Stéphane Dumas , David Frigout , Stjepan Stazic , Jean-Philippe Methelie , Carl Thomas , Frédéric Adjiwanou ( Head Coach : Duško Ivanović ) Danya Abrams , Veljko Mršić , Moustapha Sonko , Richard Petruška , Jean-Marc Jaumin , Paco Vazquez , Berni Rodríguez , Frédéric Weis , Darren Phillip , Carlos Cabezas , Kenny Miller , Germán Gabriel , Francis Perujo ( Head Coach : Božidar Maljković ) Stevin Smith , Cyril Julian , Ross Land , Fabien Dubos , Goran Bošković , Joseph Gomis , Vincent Masingue , Maxime Zianveni , Mouhamadou Mbodji , Danilo Cmiljanić , Gary Phaeton , Loic Toilier ( Head Coach : Sylvain Lautie ) From

2419-482: The late 1870s. At the beginning of the 20th century, Pau was still a resort town where European nobility spent the winter. Good English, American, Russian, Spanish or Prussian society met in the Béarnaise city. Many public amenities were from this period, including the Pau Funicular to connect the station to the upper town. Next to these public amenities, wealthy foreign visitors were building villas to improve

Orthez - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-552: The latter half of the 14th century. Jeanne d'Albret founded a Calvinist university in the town and Theodore Beza taught there for some time. An envoy sent in 1569 by Charles IX to revive the Catholic faith had to stand a siege in the battle of Orthez ; the city was eventually taken by assault by the Protestant/Huguenot captain, Gabriel, count of Montgomery. In 1684 Nicholas Foucault, intendant under Louis XIV ,

2537-429: The left bank, in addition to Sainte-Suzanne, an associated village entity within the town. A partially artificial lake called 'Lac de l'y grec' (usually just spelled 'Lac de l'Y' i.e. 'Y Lake') ( 43°29′52″N 0°46′9″W  /  43.49778°N 0.76917°W  / 43.49778; -0.76917 ) has a pleasant, scenic walking trail. Orthez station has rail connections to Tarbes, Pau, Bordeaux and Bayonne. During

2596-419: The manufacture of paper and of leather, and the preparation of hams known as jambons de Bayonne and other delicacies, were among its industries. There are quarries of stone and marble in the area, and the town had a thriving trade in leather, hams, and lime. Orthez has a judicial court but not an appeals court. It was the seat of a subprefecture from 1800 until 1926 (the dates of the creation and abolition of

2655-581: The maximum temperatures are of the order of 20 to 30 °C (68.0 to 86.0 °F), and temperatures above 35 °C (95.0 °F) are reached very rarely. During some days of winter, the foehn , a warm wind, can raise the temperature over 20 °C (68.0 °F). As soon as the wind stops, snow can fall. Rainfall is high, of the order of 1,100 millimetres (43 in) per year (compared to 650 millimetres (26 in) in Paris, 900 millimetres (35 in) in Bordeaux, and 650 millimetres (26 in) in Toulouse). Sunshine averages around 1850 hours per year, or

2714-431: The name is uncertain. One tradition suggests it is a derivation of pal (fr. pieu ), from the palisade around the original château. Another is that the name refers to a ford across the river administered by the church, the pious. According to Michel Grosclaude and other onomasticians, more recent research suggests the pre-Indo-European root for a rockface was *pal or *bal , and that the name refers to Pau's position at

2773-473: The palisade was called Paü. Historians agree to this being the origin of the name of the city. In the 13th century, new recognition of the importance and the expansion of Pau, which had become the town of Castelnau, with a bailli appointed by the viscounts of Béarn . Gaston Fébus (descendant of the counts of Foix and one of the first iconic figures of Béarn), who was very attached to the independence of his small country. He began his major work to reinforce

2832-403: The reconfiguration of its bus network, the renovation of the Place Clemenceau , the central square of Pau, and the modernisation of the Palais des Pyrénées , a shopping centre in the city centre, near to the Place Clemenceau . New underground parking compensated for the removal of 400 parking spaces on the surface; also two underground car parks gained redesigned access. Finally, a media library

2891-461: The strongholds of Béarn, including the Château of Pau where he finally settled. Pau was made the capital of Béarn in 1464, instead of Orthez. During the early 16th century, the Château de Pau became the residence of the Kings of Navarre , who were also viscounts of Béarn. Pau is the only city in Europe in which two founders of royal dynasties were born: Henry IV of France of the House of Bourbon , born in 1553, and Charles XIV John of Sweden of

2950-457: The upper town thrived because of the coming of the rich European tourists, the lower city specialised in industry. Many small structures gradually developed at the foot of the château, the production focused on textiles and the food industry. Many of them marked this industrial fabric, such as Courriades dyes, the Heïd flour mill and the tram factory. Mary Todd Lincoln , the widow of the American president, also lived in Pau for several years in

3009-481: The winter to take advantage of the benefits of Pau's climate. It was at this time that Pau became one of the world capitals of the nascent aerospace industry under the influence of the Wright brothers . With the decline of tourism during the 20th century, Pau's economy gradually shifted towards the aviation industry and then to petrochemicals with the discovery of the Lacq gas field in 1951. The Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour , founded in 1972, accounts for

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3068-413: The world's most beautiful view of the earth just as Naples has the most beautiful view of the sea." The site has been occupied since at least the Gallo-Roman era. However the first references to Pau as a settlement only occur in the first half of the 12th century. The town developed from the construction of its castle , likely from the 11th century by the Viscounts of Béarn, to protect the ford which

3127-424: Was a strategic point providing access to the Bearn valleys and to Spain. The city takes its name from the stockade ( pau in Béarnese ) which surrounded the original castle. Pau became the capital of Béarn in 1464 and the seat of the Kings of Navarre in 1512 after the capture of Pamplona by the Kingdom of Castile . Pau became a leading political and intellectual centre under the reign of Henry d'Albret . With

3186-506: Was created in 2012 in the Les Halles quarter. In 2008, at the end of a bitter political struggle, which included François Bayrou , Martine Lignières-Cassou became mayor of Pau. During this term, she included the rebuilding of the water stadium and making the Rue Joffre pedestrian. She also allowed the realisation of the City of the Pyrénées which brought different associations related to Pyreneeism into one place. In 2014, François Bayrou became mayor, after standing against David Habib in

3245-478: Was fortified in the 11th century to control the ford across the Gave de Pau. It was built on the north bank, equidistant from Lescar , seat of the bishops, and from Morlaàs . Until the 12th century, this fort was consolidated and some houses were combined there, together, in a small hamlet. The lords of Béarn then granted the status of viguerie (a small administrative district in the Middle Ages ) to this new village which continued to expand gently. In Bearnese ,

3304-411: Was gradually extended to the east and west to form the current Boulevard des Pyrénées , the lavish Winter Palace – with a palmarium; and internationally renowned hotels, the Gassion and the France, which offered a majestic and luxurious setting for concerts and receptions to take place. From 1894, Pau was served by a network of horse tramways. A few years later, electric traction was commissioned by

3363-432: Was more successful, as the inhabitants, ostensibly at least, renounced Protestantism. It is nevertheless still a strong tradition in the town. Another battle of Orthez occurred during the Napoleonic Wars on 27 February 1814, in which the British Duke of Wellington defeated Marshal Soult on the hills to the north of Orthez. Gaston Planté , the French physicist, was born here on the 22 April 1834; his major claim to fame

3422-435: Was struck in Beirut by the attack of the Drakkar building , which had 58 victims among its troops. During World War II , the Continental Hotel collected many refugees, including Jews hounded by Vichy and the Nazis, even when the soldiers of the Wehrmacht requisitioned two floors of the hotel. From 1947, during the four mandates of Mayor Louis Sallenave , the town of Pau experienced strong growth. In 1957, exploitation of

3481-460: Was the invention in 1859 of the lead-acid battery, the common car battery. The Gave de Pau is crossed in Orthez by a 14th-century bridge, which has four arches and is surmounted at its centre by a tower. Several old houses, and a church of the 12th, 14th and 15th centuries are of some interest. The most notable building is the Tour Moncade ( 43°29′31″N 0°46′13″W  /  43.49194°N 0.77028°W  / 43.49194; -0.77028 ),

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