Wöginger • Rendi-Wagner • Kickl • Maurer • Meinl-Reisinger •
34-536: Ortsgemeinde may refer to: Ortsgemeinde (Austria) , a type of municipality in Austria Ortsgemeinde (Germany) , a type of municipality in Germany Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ortsgemeinde . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
68-481: A certain measure of budgetary autonomy, although they cannot levy taxes and depend on money allocated to them by the city. The 15 districts of Klagenfurt are roughly neighborhood-sized quarters with no special autonomy. As of January 1, 2018 there are 15 statutory cities in Austria, 186 other cities, 770 market towns, and 1127 other communes, for a total of 2,098 municipalities. One of these municipalities stands out:
102-406: A complete listing of housing types and layouts, real estate trends for shifts in the market, and house or home for more general information. Real estate can be valued or devalued based on the amount of environmental degradation that has occurred. Environmental degradation can cause extreme health and safety risks. There is a growing demand for the use of site assessments (ESAs) when valuing
136-456: A limited form of precinct-level self-government. The district constituency elects a district assembly ( Bezirksvertretung ), the district assembly in turn elect a district commissioner ( Bezirksvorsteher ). District assemblies and commissioners are responsible for whatever matters the city chooses to devolve to them – in general, they run schools and take care of road maintenance, general neighborhood maintenance, and traffic planning. They have
170-548: A municipal executive board ( Gemeindevorstand ) and a mayor ( Bürgermeister , fem. Bürgermeisterin ) appointed by the council are in charge of municipal administration. Austria is currently (January 1, 2020) partitioned into 2,095 municipalities, ranging in population from about fifty (the village of Gramais in Tyrol ) to almost two million (the city of Vienna ). There is no unincorporated territory in Austria. The existence of municipalities and their role as carriers of
204-437: A number of cities that are barely more than villages at present and that are labelled cities merely because they used to be regional population centers in the distant past. The city of Rattenberg , for example, has a population of about 400. The city of Hardegg has about 1200 inhabitants, although the historic city core − Hardegg proper without what used to be the surrounding hamlets − is home to just 80 people. Constitutionally,
238-642: A property for both private and commercial real estate. Environmental surveying is made possible by environmental surveyors who examine the environmental factors present within the development of real estate as well as the impacts that development and real estate has on the environment. Green development is a concept that has grown since the 1970s with the environmental movement and the World Commission on Environment and Development. Green development examines social and environmental impacts with real estate and building. There are 3 areas of focus, being
272-413: A statutory city is called a city senate ( Stadtsenat ). ( B-VG 117 (1) ) Informally, municipalities that are neither cities nor market towns are sometimes called Landgemeinden , lit. "rural municipalities". The constitution distinguishes between a municipality's sphere of inherent responsibilities ( eigener Wirkungsbereich ) and the sphere of responsibilities delegated to the municipalities by
306-694: Is Rattenberg at 0.11 square kilometres (0.042 sq mi); the largest is Sölden in the thinly populated mountain territory of Tyrol at 466.78 square kilometres (180.22 sq mi). The city of Vienna ranks second, at 414.65 square kilometres (160.10 sq mi). Real estate Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as growing crops (e.g. timber), minerals or water, and wild animals; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property , (more generally) buildings or housing in general. In terms of law, real relates to land property and
340-625: Is constitutionally guaranteed to have is a small share of the purview it has in practice. Matters of public services ( Daseinsvorsorge ) far outclass matters of political administration ( Obrigkeitliche Verwaltungs ) in terms of both salience and budgets. ( Raschauer 2009 , Rz 330.) The cities of Vienna, Graz, and Klagenfurt are divided into municipal districts ( Stadtbezirke , colloquially just Bezirke ). Municipal districts are not to be confused with administrative districts ( politische Bezirke , but colloquially also just called Bezirke ). Administrative districts are provided for by
374-600: Is different from personal property, while estate means the "interest" a person has in that land property. Real estate is different from personal property, which is not permanently attached to the land (or comes with the land), such as vehicles, boats, jewelry, furniture, tools, and the rolling stock of a farm and farm animals. In the United States, the transfer, owning, or acquisition of real estate can be through business corporations, individuals, nonprofit corporations, fiduciaries, or any legal entity as seen within
SECTION 10
#1732802043882408-608: Is often purchased as an investment, whether or not the owner intends to use the property. Often investment properties are rented out, but " flipping " involves quickly reselling a property, sometimes taking advantage of arbitrage or quickly rising value, and sometimes after repairs are made that substantially raise the value of the property. Luxury real estate is sometimes used as a way to store value, especially by wealthy foreigners, without any particular attempt to rent it out. Some luxury units in London and New York City have been used as
442-406: Is vested, in addition to its purview as a municipality, with the duties of a district administrative authority . The status does not come with any additional political autonomy: district administrative authorities are essentially just service centers that citizens use to interact with the national government, for example to apply for driver licenses or passports. The national government generally uses
476-691: The Great Depression in the U.S. caused a major drop in real estate worth and prices and ultimately resulted in depreciation of 50% for the four years after 1929. Housing financing in the U.S. was greatly affected by the Banking Act of 1933 and the National Housing Act in 1934 because it allowed for mortgage insurance for home buyers and this system was implemented by the Federal Deposit Insurance as well as
510-484: The Republic of Austria , the municipality ( German : Gemeinde , sometimes also Ortsgemeinde ) is the administrative division encompassing a single village , town , or city . The municipality has corporate status and local self-government on the basis of parliamentary-style representative democracy : a municipal council ( Gemeinderat ) elected through a form of party-list system enacts municipal laws,
544-620: The Federal Housing Administration. In 1938, an amendment was made to the National Housing Act and Fannie Mae , a government agency, was established to serve as a secondary market for mortgages and to give lenders more money in order for new homes to be funded. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act in the U.S., which is also known as the Fair Housing Act, was put into place in 1968 and dealt with
578-413: The city of Vienna is a statutory city and a state at the same time. At 1,900,000 inhabitants, the national capital also seven times larger than the second most populous city, Graz . For the other eight states, the numbers are as follows ( Statistik Austria 2018 ): With respect to population, there is wide variation within each class of municipalities: With respect to area, the smallest municipality
612-432: The constitution and play an important and highly visible role in Austria's national and regional administrations. Municipal districts are subsections of local administrations established by local laws. Vienna, Graz, and Klagenfurt are statutory cities and as such are equivalent to one administrative district each. The 23 districts of Vienna ( Wiener Gemeindebezirke ) and the 17 districts of Graz are vested with
646-485: The environmental responsiveness, resource efficiency , and the sensitivity of cultural and societal aspects. Examples of Green development are green infrastructure , LEED , conservation development , and sustainability developments. Real estate in itself has been measured as a contributing factor to the rise in green house gases. According to the International Energy Agency, real estate in 2019
680-641: The higher levels of government ( übertragener Wirkungsbereich ). The constitution defines a minimum extent of the inherent sphere that national and provincial law may add to but not detract from: ( B-VG 118 (2) ) Additional legislation vests municipalities with a large number of additional responsibilities. Municipalities are in charge of public water supply, sewage disposal, garbage disposal, public lighting, and cemetery construction and maintenance, among other things. They run schools and kindergartens, assisted living facilities, sports and cultural facilities, and fire departments. The purview each Austrian municipality
714-506: The idea of private property. One of the largest initial real estate deals in history known as the " Louisiana Purchase " happened in 1803 when the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed. This treaty paved the way for western expansion and made the U.S. the owners of the " Louisiana Territory " as the land was bought from France for fifteen million, making each acre roughly 4 cents. The oldest real estate brokerage firm
SECTION 20
#1732802043882748-659: The incorporation of African Americans into neighborhoods as the issues of discrimination were analyzed with the renting, buying, and financing of homes. Internet real estate as a concept began with the first appearance of real estate platforms on the World Wide Web (www) and occurred in 1999. Residential real estate may contain either a single family or multifamily structure that is available for occupation or for non-business purposes. Residences can be classified by and how they are connected to neighbouring residences and land. Different types of housing tenure can be used for
782-526: The law of each U.S. state. The natural right of a person to own property as a concept can be seen as having roots in Roman law as well as Greek philosophy. The profession of appraisal can be seen as beginning in England during the 1500s, as agricultural needs required land clearing and land preparation. Textbooks on the subject of surveying began to be written and the term "surveying" was used in England, while
816-626: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ortsgemeinde&oldid=1158051241 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ortsgemeinde (Austria) [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] In
850-559: The main difference between municipalities that are cities ( Städte , sing. Stadt ) and municipalities that are not is that in cities, the municipal executive board is called not a Gemeindevorstand but a Stadtrat ( B-VG 117 (1) ) . A similar distinction, meaningful in the past but symbolic today, is that of market town ( Marktgemeinde ). Cities that are economic and administrative centers of wider geographic reach can be elevated to statutory city status. A statutory city ( Stadt mit eigenem Statut or Statutarstadt )
884-401: The people and an executive branch installed and supervised by the legislature: Municipal governments do not have judicial branches. Larger municipalities are typically granted city status ( Stadtrecht ). The distinction, while important in medieval and early modern times, is purely symbolic today. City status does not currently confer any additional legal responsibilities. There exists
918-623: The provinces to run these points of contact on its behalf; in the case of statutory cities, the municipality gets to step up. Just like Austria has a number of villages that are nominally cities because they used to be significant in the past, Austria has a number of minor towns that hold statutory city status because they used to be regional capitals a few centuries ago. Examples include Waidhofen an der Ybbs , population ca. 11,000, or Rust , population ca. 1900. A municipality that desires statutory city status today needs to have at least 20,000 inhabitants. ( B-VG 116 (3) ) The municipal executive board of
952-418: The right to own property, run businesses, levy municipal taxes, and generally manage their own financial affairs. ( B-VG 116 (3) ). Municipalities have a right to form municipal associations , subject to supervision by the provincial administration ( B-VG 116a ) and enter into treaties with other municipalities ( B-VG 116b ). Municipalities are miniature parliamentary democracies with a legislature elected by
986-513: The right to self-administration are guaranteed by the Austrian constitution ( B-VG Art. 116 (1) ). The constitution means for municipalities to be autonomous ( eigenverantwortlich ) in any matter that a village, town, or city can presumed to be both interested in handling and best capable of handling. Municipal authorities are required to comply with national and provincial legislation and can be held accountable by courts for failure to abide by
1020-473: The rule of law, but they are not politically answerable to national or provincial administrators and do not take orders from them. ( B-VG 118 ) All real estate in Austria falls within a municipality's borders, meaning that there are no unincorporated areas and no way for either the government or any resident to sidestep the requirement that each permanent resident be part of a municipal community. ( B-VG 116 (2) ). All municipalities are corporations and have
1054-617: The same physical type. For example, connected residences might be owned by a single entity and leased out, or owned separately with an agreement covering the relationship between units and common areas and concerns. According to the Congressional Research Service, in 2021, 65% of homes in the U.S. are owned by the occupier. Other categories The size of havelis and chawls is measured in Gaz (square yards), Quila, Marla, Beegha, and acre. See List of house types for
Ortsgemeinde - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-565: The term "appraising" was more used in North America. Natural law which can be seen as "universal law" was discussed among writers of the 15th and 16th century as it pertained to "property theory" and the inter-state relations dealing with foreign investments and the protection of citizens private property abroad. Natural law can be seen as having an influence in Emerich de Vattel 's 1758 treatise The Law of Nations which conceptualized
1122-626: Was established in 1855 in Chicago, Illinois, and was initially known as "L. D. Olmsted & Co." but is now known as "Baird & Warner". In 1908, the National Association of Realtors was founded in Chicago and in 1916, the name was changed to the National Association of Real Estate Boards and this was also when the term " realtor " was coined to identify real estate professionals. The stock market crash of 1929 and
1156-415: Was responsible for 39 percent of total emissions worldwide and 11 percent of those emissions were due to the manufacturing of materials used in buildings. Investment in real estate can be categorized by financial risk into core, value-added , and opportunistic . Real estate development can be less cyclical than real estate investing. In markets where land and building prices are rising, real estate
#881118