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46-524: Utkala Sammilani ( Odia : ଉତ୍କଳ ସମ୍ମିଳନୀ ) is an Indian social and cultural organization. It was founded in Odisha in 1903 by Madhusudan Das and continues in present times. Utkal Sammilani was founded by Madhusudan Das . Its first meeting was held in Rambha in 1903 and included 62 "permanent members". The organization's first objective was to campaign for the unification of the state of Odisha, known as

92-426: A positive lifestyle. Distinguished prose writers of the modern period include Baidyanath Misra , Fakir Mohan Senapati , Madhusudan Das , Godabarisha Mohapatra, Kalindi Charan Panigrahi, Surendra Mohanty , Manoj Das , Kishori Charan Das , Gopinath Mohanty, Rabi Patnaik, Chandrasekhar Rath, Binapani Mohanty, Bhikari Rath, Jagadish Mohanty , Sarojini Sahoo , Yashodhara Mishra , Ramchandra Behera, Padmaja Pal. But it

138-530: A profound influence on the religious practices of Hinduism . The classic Tribhangi (threefold) posture of Krishna playing the flute gained popularity due to him. Jayadeva was instrumental in popularizing the Dasavatara , the ten incarnations of Vishnu in his composition Dasakritikrite . Additionally, the Gita Govinda begins with a Dasavatara stotra . In Jayadeva's version of Dasavatara, Buddha

184-727: A rich literary heritage dating back to the thirteenth century. Sarala Dasa who lived in the fourteenth century is known as the Vyasa of Odisha. He wrote the Mahabharata into Odia. In fact, the language was initially standardised through a process of translating or transcreating classical Sanskrit texts such as the Mahabharata, Ramayana and the Bhagavad Gita . The translation of the Bhagavatam by Atibadi Jagannatha Dasa

230-485: A significant Odia speaking population. Additionally, due to economic pursuits, significant numbers of Odia speakers can be found in Indian cities such as Vishakhapatnam , Hyderabad , Pondicherry , Bangalore , Chennai , Goa , Mumbai , Raipur , Jamshedpur , Vadodara , Ahmedabad , New Delhi , Guwahati , Shillong , Pune , Gurgaon , Jammu and Silvassa . The Odia diaspora is sizeable in several countries around

276-505: A sizeable Odia-speaking population, particularly in Sonitpur , Tinsukia , Udalguri , Sivasagar , Golaghat , Dibrugarh , Cachar , Nagaon , Karimganj , Karbi Anglong , Jorhat , Lakhimpur , Baksa , Kamrup Metropolitan , Hailakandi district of Assam and West Tripura , Dhalai , North Tripura district of Tripura. Similarly, due to increasing worker migration in modern India, the western states Gujarat and Maharashtra also have

322-505: A translator of a fictive Odia short story writer. The novella contains a discussion of the perils of translating works composed in regional Indian languages into English. Four writers in Odia – Gopinath Mohanty , Sachidananda Routray , Sitakant Mahapatra and Pratibha Ray – have been awarded the Jnanpith , an Indian literary award. The following is a sample text in Odia of Article 1 of

368-421: A vowel. Some speakers distinguish between single and geminate consonants . Odia retains most of the cases of Sanskrit , though the nominative and vocative have merged (both without a separate marker), as have the accusative and dative. There are three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) and two grammatical numbers (singular and plural). However, there are no grammatical genders . The usage of gender

414-404: Is a classical Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha . It is the official language in Odisha (formerly rendered as Orissa), where native speakers make up 82% of the population, and it is also spoken in parts of West Bengal , Jharkhand , Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh . Odia is one of the many official languages of India ; it is the official language of Odisha and

460-694: Is a member of the Executive Committee of Utkal Sahitya Samaj. Another illustrious writer of the 20th century was Chintamani Das. A noted academician, he was written more than 40 books including fiction, short stories, biographies and storybooks for children. Born in 1903 in Sriramachandrapur village under Satyabadi block, Chintamani Das is the only writer who has written biographies on all the five 'Pancha Sakhas' of Satyabadi namely Pandit Gopabandhu Das, Acharya Harihara, Nilakantha Das, Krupasindhu Mishra and Pandit Godabarisha. Having served as

506-495: Is an incarnation of Vishnu , while Krishna is not incorporated because Krishna is the source of all incarnations. as the lyrics say: keshava dhrta buddha sarira= krishna who appears in the form of Lord Buddha. Since Keshava is another name of Krishna, that means Krishna is the source of/incarnate as Buddha. In July 2009, the government of India 's Department of Posts decided to release 11 stamps in Bhubaneswar to commemorate

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552-406: Is given phonemic status in some analyses, as it also occurs as a terminal sound, e.g. ଏବଂ- ebaṅ /ebɔŋ/ Nasals assimilate for place in nasal–stop clusters. /ɖ ɖʱ/ have the near-allophonic intervocalic flaps [ɽ ɽʱ] in intervocalic position and in final position (but not at morpheme boundaries). Stops are sometimes deaspirated between /s/ and a vowel or an open syllable /s/ +vowel and

598-451: Is inextricably tied to music, and most of it was written for singing, set to traditional Odissi ragas and talas. These compositions form the core of the system of Odissi music , the classical music of the state. Three great poets and prose writers, Kabibar Radhanath Ray (1849–1908), Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843–1918) and Madhusudan Rao (1853–1912) made Odia their own. They brought in a modern outlook and spirit into Odia literature. Around

644-571: Is known to have sung the Gitagovinda every night in the temple of Jagannatha , the central deity of Odisha. The tradition of singing Gitagovinda during Jagannatha's last ritual continues till today. Jayadeva and his Gita Govinda had gained considerable popularity and had emerged as a painter’s theme by the late 15th century, though no such early paintings are available now. The earliest reported Gita Govinda paintings are from Mewar between 1590 and 1600 A.D. The Gita Govinda composed by Jayadeva

690-521: Is most known for his composition, the epic poem Gita Govinda , which depicts the divine love of the Hindu deity Krishna and his consort, Radha, and is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. About the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th, the influence of Jayadeva's literary contribution changed the pattern of versification in Odia. Distribution of Odia language in

736-605: Is not clear how these medieval Orissan hymns found their way to the Sikh religion, there are records narrating how Jayadeva's work had a profound influence on Guru Nanak during his visit to Puri. In the opinion of researcher scholars, Jayadeva is among the centralmost figures in Odia culture. Jayadeva's ashtapadis are sung in dance performances of Odissi , the classical dance of Odisha . The traditional classical music of Odisha, known as Odissi music , lays emphasis based on ragas and talas specified by Jayadeva's hymns. Jayadeva

782-503: Is not contrastive. The vowel [ ɛ ] can also be heard as an allophone of / e / , or as an allophone of the coalescence of the sequences /j + a/ or /j + ɔ/ . Final vowels are pronounced in the standard language, e.g. Odia [pʰulɔ] contrasts Bengali [pʰul] "flower". Odia retains the voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ ɭ ] , among the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages. The velar nasal [ ŋ ]

828-587: Is one of the popular themes in the traditional patachitra paintings of Odisha. Jayadeva had a profound influence on the Pahari school during the 17th-19th centuries, which was prevalent throughout northern India bordering the Himalayas (from Jammu through Himachal Pradesh ). In particular, Jayadeva's Radha and Krishna served as popular themes for Basohli painting in Jammu and Kashmir . The Gita Govinda

874-411: Is poetry that makes modern Odia literature a force to reckon with. Poets like Kabibar Radhanath Ray , Sachidananda Routray, Guruprasad Mohanty, Soubhagya Misra, Ramakanta Rath , Sitakanta Mohapatra, Rajendra Kishore Panda, Pratibha Satpathy have made significant contributions towards Indian poetry. Anita Desai 's novella, Translator Translated , from her collection The Art of Disappearance , features

920-511: Is semantic, i.e. to differentiate male members of a class from female members. There are three tenses coded via affixes (i.e., present, past and future), others being expressed via auxiliaries. The Odia language uses the Odia script (also known as the Kalinga script). It is a Brahmic script used to write primarily the Odia language and others like Sanskrit and several minor regional languages. The script has developed over nearly 1000 years, with

966-446: Is the best-known composition of Jayadeva. It is a lyrical poetry that is organized into 12 chapters. Each chapter is further sub-divided into 24 divisions called prabandha s. The prabandhas contain couplets grouped into eights, called Ashtapadis . The first English translation of the Gita Govinda was published by Sir William Jones in 1792. Sir William Jones in the preface of his English rendering of GitaGovinda had commented: "Jayadeva

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1012-416: Is the great introducer of the ultra-modern style in modern Odia poetry. Others who took up this form were Godabarisha Mohapatra, Mayadhar Mansingh , Nityananda Mahapatra and Kunjabihari Dasa. Prabhasa Chandra Satpathi is known for his translations of some western classics apart from Udayanatha Shadangi, Sunanda Kara and Surendranatha Dwivedi. Criticism, essays and history also became major lines of writing in

1058-590: The Bhanja Age (also known as the Age of Riti Yuga) beginning with turn of the 18th century, verbally tricky Odia became the order of the day. Verbal jugglery and eroticism characterise the period between 1700 and 1850, particularly in the works of the era's eponymous poet Upendra Bhanja (1670–1720). Bhanja's work inspired many imitators, of which the most notable is Arakshita Das. Family chronicles in prose relating religious festivals and rituals are also characteristic of

1104-617: The Oriya Movement . A conference was held in 1920 in Chakradharpur and the organization decided to join the non-cooperation movement that had recently been endorsed by the Indian National Congress . It elected a new president, Basanta Kumar Panigrahi, in 2002. In 2010, Utkal Samilani, requested that the Indian government grant " Classical language status " to Odia and take appropriate actions to preserve

1150-612: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( ମାନବିକ ଅଧିକାରର ସାର୍ବଜନୀନ ଘୋଷଣା ): Odia in the Odia script Odia in IAST Odia in the IPA Gloss Translation Google introduced the first automated translator for Odia in 2020. Microsoft too incorporated Odia in its automated translator later that year. Works of Jayadeva Traditional Jayadeva has had

1196-766: The 14th century, the poet Sarala Das wrote the Sarala Mahabharata, Chandi Purana, and Vilanka Ramayana, in praise of the goddess Durga . Rama-Bibaha, written by Arjuna Dasa, was the first long poem written in the Odia language. The following era is termed the Panchasakha Age and stretches until the year 1700. Notable religious works of the Panchasakha Age include those of Balarama Dasa , Jagannatha Dasa , Yasovanta, Ananta and Acyutananda . The authors of this period mainly translated, adapted, or imitated Sanskrit literature. Other prominent works of

1242-853: The Head of the Odia department of Khallikote College, Berhampur, Chintamani Das was felicitated with the Sahitya Akademi Samman in 1970 for his outstanding contribution to Odia literature in general and Satyabadi Yuga literature in particular. Some of his well-known literary creations are 'Bhala Manisha Hua', 'Manishi Nilakantha', 'Kabi Godabarisha', 'Byasakabi Fakiramohan', 'Usha', 'Barabati'. 20th century writers in Odia include Pallikabi Nanda Kishore Bal , Gangadhar Meher , Chintamani Mahanti and Kuntala Kumari Sabat , besides Niladri Dasa and Gopabandhu Das . The most notable novelists were Umesa Sarakara, Divyasimha Panigrahi, Gopala Chandra Praharaj and Kalindi Charan Panigrahi . Sachi Kanta Rauta Ray

1288-516: The Odia language. Odia is the sixth Indian language to be designated a classical language , on the basis of having a long literary history and not having borrowed extensively from other languages. The earliest known inscription in Odia dates back to the 10th century CE. Odia is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Aryan language family. It descends from Odra Prakrit which itself evolved from Magadhi Prakrit . The latter

1334-492: The Odia language. Esteemed writers in this field were Professor Girija Shankar Ray, Pandit Vinayaka Misra, Professor Gauri Kumara Brahma, Jagabandhu Simha and Harekrushna Mahatab . Odia literature mirrors the industrious, peaceful and artistic image of the Odia people who have offered and gifted much to the Indian civilisation in the field of art and literature. Now Writers Manoj Das 's creations motivated and inspired people towards

1380-671: The birth of Jayadeva. One stamp depicts the poet himself, while the other ten depict the Dasavatara. Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik unveiled the stamps at a special function in Jayadev Bhawan. They are in the denomination of Rs 5. A total of 800,000 stamps were released for sale in Odisha . Two hymns composed by Jayadeva have been incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib , the holy book of the Sikh religion. Although it

1426-409: The book form. Brajabandhu Mishra's Basanta Malati, which came out from Bamanda, depicts the conflict between a poor but highly educated young man and a wealthy and highly egoistic young woman whose conjugal life is seriously affected by ego clashes. Through a story of union, separation and reunion, the novelist delineates the psychological state of a young woman in separation from her husband and examines

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1472-473: The earliest trace of the script being dated to 1051 AD. Odia is a syllabic alphabet, or an abugida, wherein all consonants have an inherent vowel. Diacritics (which can appear above, below, before, or after the consonant they belong to) are used to change the form of the inherent vowel. When vowels appear at the beginning of a syllable, they are written as independent letters. Also, when certain consonants occur together, special conjunct symbols are used to combine

1518-610: The essential parts of each consonant symbol. The curved appearance of the Odia script is a result of the practice of writing on palm leaves, which have a tendency to tear if too many straight lines are used. The earliest literature in Odia can be traced to the Charyapadas, composed in the 7th to 9th centuries. Before Sarala Das, the most important works in Odia literature are the Shishu Veda, Saptanga, Amara Kosha, Rudrasudhanidhi , Kesaba Koili , Kalasa Chautisa, etc. In

1564-484: The great writers in the 20th century was Pandit Krushna Chandra Kar (1907–1995) from Cuttack, who wrote many books for children like Pari Raija, Kuhuka Raija, Panchatantra, Adi Jugara Galpa Mala , etc. He was last felicitated by the Sahitya Academy in 1971–72 for his contributions to Odia literature, development of children's fiction, and biographies. One of the prominent writers of the 20th and 21st centuries

1610-422: The interests of the people who speak Odia but reside outside their home state. Utkal Sammilani was a key player in the transformation of the state of Orissa to its modern-day status as Odisha and it opposed Andhra Pradesh 's Polavaram project in 2010. Odia language Odia ( / ə ˈ d iː ə / ; ଓଡ଼ିଆ , ISO : Oṛiā , pronounced [oˈɽia] ; formerly rendered as Oriya )

1656-670: The period include the Usabhilasa of Sisu Sankara Dasa, the Rahasya Manjari of Debadurlabha Dasa and the Rukmini Bibha of Kartika Dasa. A new form of novels in verse evolved during the beginning of the 17th century when Ramachandra Pattanayaka wrote Harabali . Other poets, like Madhusudana, Bhima Dhibara, Sadasiba and Sisu Iswara Dasa composed another form called kavyas (long poems) based on themes from Puranas, with an emphasis on plain, simple language. However, during

1702-563: The period. The first Odia printing typeset was cast in 1836 by Christian missionaries. Although the handwritten Odia script of the time closely resembled the Bengali and Assamese scripts , the one adopted for the printed typesets was significantly different, leaning more towards the Tamil script and Telugu script . Amos Sutton produced an Oriya Bible (1840), Oriya Dictionary (1841–43) and An Introductory Grammar of Oriya (1844). Odia has

1748-413: The same time the modern drama took birth in the works of Rama Sankara Ray beginning with Kanci-Kaveri (1880). Among the contemporaries of Fakir Mohan, four novelists deserve special mention: Aparna Panda, Mrutyunjay Rath, Ram Chandra Acharya and Brajabandhu Mishra. Aparna Panda's Kalavati and Brajabandhu Mishra's Basanta Malati were both published in 1902, the year in which Chha Mana Atha Guntha came out in

1794-515: The second official language of Jharkhand. The Odia language has various dialects varieties, including the Baleswari Odia (Northern dialect), Kataki (central dialect), Ganjami Odia (Southern dialect), Sundargadi Odia (Northwestern dialect), Sambalpuri (Western dialect), Desia (South-western dialect) and Tribal Community dialects who spoken by the tribals groups in Odisha who adopted

1840-472: The significance of marriage as a social institution in traditional Indian society. Ram Chandra Acharya wrote about seven novels during 1924–1936. All his novels are historical romances based on the historical events in Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Odisha. Mrutyunjay Rath's novel, Adbhuta Parinama, published in 1915, centres round a young Hindu who gets converted to Christianity to marry a Christian girl. One of

1886-508: The state of India According to the 2011 census, there are 37.52 million Odia speakers in India , making up 3.1% of the country's population. Among these, 93% reside in Odisha. Odia is also spoken in neighbouring states such as Chhattisgarh (913,581), Jharkhand (531,077), Andhra Pradesh (361,471), and West Bengal (162,142). Due to worker migration as tea garden workers in colonial India, northeastern states Assam and Tripura have

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1932-754: The world, bringing the number of Odia speakers worldwide to 50 million. It has a significant presence in eastern countries, such as Thailand and Indonesia , mainly brought by the sadhaba , ancient traders from Odisha who carried the language along with the culture during the old-day trading , and in western countries such as the United States , Canada , Australia and England . The language has also spread to Burma , Malaysia , Fiji , Mauritius , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka and Middle East countries. Minor regional dialects Minor sociolects Odia minor dialects include: Odia has 30 consonant phonemes, 2 semivowel phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes. Length

1978-459: Was Muralidhar Mallick (1927–2002). His contribution to Historical novels is beyond words. He was last felicitated by the Sahitya Academy in the year 1998 for his contributions to Odia literature. His son Khagendranath Mallick (born 1951) is also a writer. His contribution towards poetry, criticism, essays, story and novels is commendable. He was the former President of Utkal Kala Parishad and also former President of Odisha Geeti Kabi Samaj. Presently he

2024-537: Was born as he tells himself in Kenduli which many believe to be in Kalinga, but since there is a town of similar name in Burdwan, the natives of it insist that the finest lyrical poet of India was their countryman." At last the village Kenduli in Burdwan (Division) was accepted in his paper 'The Musical Modes of Hindus' written by Jones himself. Since then, the Gita Govinda has been translated to many languages throughout

2070-566: Was particularly influential on the written form of the language. Another of the Panchasakha, Matta Balarama Dasa transcreated the Ramayana in Odia, titled Jagamohana Ramayana . Odia has had a strong tradition of poetry, especially devotional poetry. Other eminent Odia poets include Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja , Kabisurjya Baladeba Ratha , Banamali Dasa , Dinakrusna Dasa and Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka . Classical Odia literature

2116-407: Was spoken in east India over 1,500 years ago, and is the primary language used in early Jain and Buddhist texts. Odia appears to have had relatively little influence from Persian and Arabic , compared to other major Indo-Aryan languages. The history of the Odia language is divided into eras: Jayadeva was a Sanskrit poet. He was born in an Utkala Brahmin family of Puri around 1200 CE. He

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